Abstract Online physical education (OLPE) has been viewed as an oxymoron. Physical education curr... more Abstract Online physical education (OLPE) has been viewed as an oxymoron. Physical education curriculum at all levels seeks to help learners grow socially in the way they interact and deal with diverse and challenging fellow students and settings. Students who have no contact with other students while they are at home for various reasons may not be able to learn the proper response to the challenges of social participation or benefits derived from social contact. This study looked at the efficacy of remote exergame participation between students aged 11–18 (N = 124). The results show that exergaming over the Internet can provide students with a social experience that results in increased relatedness between participants versus playing by themselves against a non-player character (NPC). This relatedness can help students access the social standards for physical education when enrolled in OLPE.
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) were developed through a collaborative effort by educators... more The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) were developed through a collaborative effort by educators from all fifty states so that a clear concise set of uniform standards are available to guide K-12 instruction in the United States. Previous to the CCSS no such document existed in the United States. Thus, the CCSS are relatively new and some in the educational community welcome them with open arms while others hesitate to endorse them. This paper researched these divergent perspectives and found that research on educational change can point out the problems and benefits connected to CCSS. Some of this information targets the standards directly and some indirectly. A review of research literature helped present insights with some possible strategies for those who are eager to implement them and those who hesitate to embrace them as both groups work towards the implementation of CCSS which are now mandated by a majority of the 50 states. These insights suggest that implementation of the...
Video games may seem an odd place to find Common Core State Standard implementation strategies. A... more Video games may seem an odd place to find Common Core State Standard implementation strategies. A closer look reveals that educational principles found in certain video game genres might help update instructional strategies that no longer engage contemporary learners. These video game strategies can explain why learners will spend hours playing video games without realizing it and spend only the minimum amount of time doing school work. Incorporation of these video game strategies into teacher training and professional development while educators transition to the Common Core State Standards can help prepare teachers for today’s new learner and the new curriculum. Analysis of the Common Core State Standards and video game educational principles shows that the opportunity is large and the time for implementation may be now.
This study serves as an initial validation ofthe r Motivation Inventory (IMI) with a factor analy... more This study serves as an initial validation ofthe r Motivation Inventory (IMI) with a factor analysis addition to the IMI and it is not identified as validated on the social det website (SDT, n.d). The measurements sample of 124 secondary students aged 11 exergaming between students over the internet made in the spring of 2012 and the subjects attended traditional public, public charter and private schools in a rural/suburban location in the southwestern part of the United States. Results suggest that the IMI displayed good i totals. These results can help to position the relatedness subscale of the IMI as a valid way to identify participant feelings of connectedness while engaged in activities.
3 Abstract: At times technology is seen as a niche that holds out tremendous promise but falls sh... more 3 Abstract: At times technology is seen as a niche that holds out tremendous promise but falls short of a comprehensive tool that can produce sustained transforma- tion. This narrow view must be overcome if technology is to increase its impact on physical activity. A broader view suggests that technology is an expansive term and includes the ideas, devices, or methods that result from the use of past knowledge, application of knowledge and the introduction of new knowledge derived from research and study. This paper suggests that technology assisted reciprocal physi- cal activities (TARPactivities) can serve as a framework for the inclusion of persons with disabilities in physical education, sport, recreation, and fitness while expanding findings to other populations. TARPactivities can serve as a unifying framework and provide support for education, training, and research aimed at helping transform the lives of persons with disabilities, their families, and their communities with p...
Active video games, or exergames, which require the physical movement of the participant’s body, ... more Active video games, or exergames, which require the physical movement of the participant’s body, are being recognized as one possible solution to a diminishing interest in childhood physical activity. Exergaming extends beyond the home and arcade and into the education sector, where it is being used as part of the physical education (PE) curriculum. This study is a qualitative examination of two elementary school PE teachers’ reflections of a sixweek exergaming program with their fourth grade students. Through a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed and analyzed. Analysis through Social Cognitive Theory revealed several themes including the value of exergaming, student motivation, tailoring needs, accountability, self-awareness and challenges with implementation. Teachers in the study reported that exergaming was a positive curricular option that was students enjoyed resulting in high levels of student engagement. The variety of exergame a...
International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 2016
For many the thought of students taking an online course conjures up images of students sitting a... more For many the thought of students taking an online course conjures up images of students sitting at a computer desk. Students taking online physical education (OLPE) at home may lack opportunities for competitive or cooperative physical activity that are available to students in a traditional setting. Active video games (exergames) can be played over the internet between students. Exergames allow for a new and possibly effective genre of physical activity that offers OLPE students the opportunity to interact in relevant, engaging, and entertaining physical activity with other students. Secondary student (N=124) heart rates were recorded before exergaming, after playing a non-player character, and after playing another student remotely over the internet. The results show that exergaming between students over the internet can raise student heart rates to moderate levels of physical intensity commensurate with guidelines for Physical Intensity for secondary students. Exergames show prom...
Participation in physical education (PE) is the goal for every student not just an ideal. The ins... more Participation in physical education (PE) is the goal for every student not just an ideal. The instructions from policymakers indicate that a student with unique abilities should have access to general or specially designed physical education unless their unique abilities preclude their participation. This mandate is often accompanied by apprehension and fear for teachers, paraprofessionals, administrators, students, and parents (stakeholders) as they deal with questions and concerns about how to include a student with unique abilities in PE. Adapted physical education (APE) specialists need to help dissipate and avert these fears and concerns for PE to succeed. This can be done when the APE specialist takes the time to provide a level of care that helps to overcome fear producing a comfort that leads to confidence. Fear may be best addressed when the APE specialist follows the three Cs of APE: care, comfort, and confidence.
Abstract Online physical education (OLPE) has been viewed as an oxymoron. Physical education curr... more Abstract Online physical education (OLPE) has been viewed as an oxymoron. Physical education curriculum at all levels seeks to help learners grow socially in the way they interact and deal with diverse and challenging fellow students and settings. Students who have no contact with other students while they are at home for various reasons may not be able to learn the proper response to the challenges of social participation or benefits derived from social contact. This study looked at the efficacy of remote exergame participation between students aged 11–18 (N = 124). The results show that exergaming over the Internet can provide students with a social experience that results in increased relatedness between participants versus playing by themselves against a non-player character (NPC). This relatedness can help students access the social standards for physical education when enrolled in OLPE.
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) were developed through a collaborative effort by educators... more The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) were developed through a collaborative effort by educators from all fifty states so that a clear concise set of uniform standards are available to guide K-12 instruction in the United States. Previous to the CCSS no such document existed in the United States. Thus, the CCSS are relatively new and some in the educational community welcome them with open arms while others hesitate to endorse them. This paper researched these divergent perspectives and found that research on educational change can point out the problems and benefits connected to CCSS. Some of this information targets the standards directly and some indirectly. A review of research literature helped present insights with some possible strategies for those who are eager to implement them and those who hesitate to embrace them as both groups work towards the implementation of CCSS which are now mandated by a majority of the 50 states. These insights suggest that implementation of the...
Video games may seem an odd place to find Common Core State Standard implementation strategies. A... more Video games may seem an odd place to find Common Core State Standard implementation strategies. A closer look reveals that educational principles found in certain video game genres might help update instructional strategies that no longer engage contemporary learners. These video game strategies can explain why learners will spend hours playing video games without realizing it and spend only the minimum amount of time doing school work. Incorporation of these video game strategies into teacher training and professional development while educators transition to the Common Core State Standards can help prepare teachers for today’s new learner and the new curriculum. Analysis of the Common Core State Standards and video game educational principles shows that the opportunity is large and the time for implementation may be now.
This study serves as an initial validation ofthe r Motivation Inventory (IMI) with a factor analy... more This study serves as an initial validation ofthe r Motivation Inventory (IMI) with a factor analysis addition to the IMI and it is not identified as validated on the social det website (SDT, n.d). The measurements sample of 124 secondary students aged 11 exergaming between students over the internet made in the spring of 2012 and the subjects attended traditional public, public charter and private schools in a rural/suburban location in the southwestern part of the United States. Results suggest that the IMI displayed good i totals. These results can help to position the relatedness subscale of the IMI as a valid way to identify participant feelings of connectedness while engaged in activities.
3 Abstract: At times technology is seen as a niche that holds out tremendous promise but falls sh... more 3 Abstract: At times technology is seen as a niche that holds out tremendous promise but falls short of a comprehensive tool that can produce sustained transforma- tion. This narrow view must be overcome if technology is to increase its impact on physical activity. A broader view suggests that technology is an expansive term and includes the ideas, devices, or methods that result from the use of past knowledge, application of knowledge and the introduction of new knowledge derived from research and study. This paper suggests that technology assisted reciprocal physi- cal activities (TARPactivities) can serve as a framework for the inclusion of persons with disabilities in physical education, sport, recreation, and fitness while expanding findings to other populations. TARPactivities can serve as a unifying framework and provide support for education, training, and research aimed at helping transform the lives of persons with disabilities, their families, and their communities with p...
Active video games, or exergames, which require the physical movement of the participant’s body, ... more Active video games, or exergames, which require the physical movement of the participant’s body, are being recognized as one possible solution to a diminishing interest in childhood physical activity. Exergaming extends beyond the home and arcade and into the education sector, where it is being used as part of the physical education (PE) curriculum. This study is a qualitative examination of two elementary school PE teachers’ reflections of a sixweek exergaming program with their fourth grade students. Through a phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed and analyzed. Analysis through Social Cognitive Theory revealed several themes including the value of exergaming, student motivation, tailoring needs, accountability, self-awareness and challenges with implementation. Teachers in the study reported that exergaming was a positive curricular option that was students enjoyed resulting in high levels of student engagement. The variety of exergame a...
International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 2016
For many the thought of students taking an online course conjures up images of students sitting a... more For many the thought of students taking an online course conjures up images of students sitting at a computer desk. Students taking online physical education (OLPE) at home may lack opportunities for competitive or cooperative physical activity that are available to students in a traditional setting. Active video games (exergames) can be played over the internet between students. Exergames allow for a new and possibly effective genre of physical activity that offers OLPE students the opportunity to interact in relevant, engaging, and entertaining physical activity with other students. Secondary student (N=124) heart rates were recorded before exergaming, after playing a non-player character, and after playing another student remotely over the internet. The results show that exergaming between students over the internet can raise student heart rates to moderate levels of physical intensity commensurate with guidelines for Physical Intensity for secondary students. Exergames show prom...
Participation in physical education (PE) is the goal for every student not just an ideal. The ins... more Participation in physical education (PE) is the goal for every student not just an ideal. The instructions from policymakers indicate that a student with unique abilities should have access to general or specially designed physical education unless their unique abilities preclude their participation. This mandate is often accompanied by apprehension and fear for teachers, paraprofessionals, administrators, students, and parents (stakeholders) as they deal with questions and concerns about how to include a student with unique abilities in PE. Adapted physical education (APE) specialists need to help dissipate and avert these fears and concerns for PE to succeed. This can be done when the APE specialist takes the time to provide a level of care that helps to overcome fear producing a comfort that leads to confidence. Fear may be best addressed when the APE specialist follows the three Cs of APE: care, comfort, and confidence.
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