Earthquake events are among the most devastating catastrophes on Earth. Besides human casualties,... more Earthquake events are among the most devastating catastrophes on Earth. Besides human casualties, they are also responsible for large damage to a variety of man-built objects. Civil engineering thus has significant interest in understanding effects of earthquakes. Induced dynamic motions will cause significant oscillations in stress and strain tensors inside 3D solids (soils, concrete and steel). These fluctuations in stresses and strains can result in failure of one of the components of the civil engineering object which might eventually lead to the complete failure and loss of life. We use tensor visualization techniques to study seismic behavior of concrete pile foundations embedded in soil. We show results and limitations of current and new techniques leading to a discussion of possible further research.
Visualization of fourth-order tensors from solid mechanics has not been explored in depth previou... more Visualization of fourth-order tensors from solid mechanics has not been explored in depth previously. Challenges include the large number of components (3x3x3x3 for 3D), loss of major symmetry and loss of positive definiteness (with possibly zero or negative eigenvalues). This paper presents a decomposition of fourth-order tensors that facilitates their visualization and understanding. Fourth-order tensors are used to represent a solid's stiffness. The stiffness tensor represents the relationship between increments of stress and increments of strain. Visualizing stiffness is important to understand the changing state of solids during plastification and failure. In this work, we present a method to reduce the number of stiffness components to second-order 3x3 tensors for visualization. The reduction is based on polar decomposition, followed by eigen-decomposition on the polar "stretch". If any resulting eigenvalue is significantly lower than the others, the material has softened in that eigen-direction. The associated second-order eigentensor represents the mode of stress (such as compression, tension, shear, or some combination of these) to which the material becomes vulnerable. Thus we can visualize the physical meaning of plastification with techniques for visualizing second-order symmetric tensors.
Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, May 18, 2018
Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) can be used as vibration control devices to improve the vibration perfo... more Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) can be used as vibration control devices to improve the vibration performance of high-rise buildings. The Shanghai Tower (SHT) is a 632-m high landmark building in China, featuring a new eddy-current TMD. Special protective mechanisms have been adopted to prevent excessively large amplitude of the TMD under extreme wind or earthquake loading scenarios. This paper presents a methodology for simulating behavior of the new eddy-current TMD that features displacement-dependent damping behavior. The TMD model was built into the SHT finite element model to perform frequency analysis and detailed response analyses under wind and earthquake loads. Furthermore, soilstructure interaction (SSI) effects on wind and seismic load responses of the SHT model were investigated, as SSI has a significant impact on the vibration performance of high-rise buildings. It was found that SSI has more significant effects on acceleration response for wind loads with a short return period than for wind loads with a long return period. Some of the acceleration responses with SSI effects exceed design limits of human comfort for wind loads with shorter return periods. As to the seismic analyses, it was found that SSI slightly reduces the displacement amplitude, the damping force, and the impact force of the TMD.
NEES at UC Davis capitalized on the size of the centrifuge and innovations in instrumentation and... more NEES at UC Davis capitalized on the size of the centrifuge and innovations in instrumentation and information technology to enable generation of higher resolution information (control, sensors, and images) and to create more realistic physical models. With NEES the Center for Geotechnical Modeling is working to implement advanced instrumentation, digital video, robotics, and geophysical testing to increase the quality and quantity of data that can be collected; to increase the capacity of the centrifuge; and to develop a biaxial shaking capability. These improvements will allow us to extract more detailed and more accurate information from experiments and simulations, maximizing the information and knowledge that can be gained from these experiments. The Center for Geotechnical Modeling facilities are intended for use by researchers from academia and industry, from both the US and abroad. The centrifuge at UC Davis will be a shared-use facility under NEES, with experiments being performed by teams of researchers. New hardware and software developments are currently being implemented as part of the NEESgrid System Integration project. These new resources will allow teams to collaborate regardless of their physical location. Remote researchers will be able to control their experiments at UC Davis as easily as local researchers. Further information about the UC Davis NEES site can be obtained at , or by email to
... Geotechnical Capabilities in OpenSees PEER 2132000-3 Boris Jeremic University of California... more ... Geotechnical Capabilities in OpenSees PEER 2132000-3 Boris Jeremic University of California ... List of Figures 2.1 Monotonic triaxial loading on soil sample modeled using Drucker-Prager yield surface, Drucker-Prager flow direction, and perfectly plastic hardening rule. . . . . ...
In this paper, a solution is presented for evolution of Probability Density Function (PDF) of ela... more In this paper, a solution is presented for evolution of Probability Density Function (PDF) of elastic-plastic stress-strain relationship for material models with uncertain parameters. Developments in this paper are based on already derived general formulation presented in the companion paper. The solution presented is then specialized to a specific Drucker Prager elastic-plastic material model. Three numerical problems are used to illustrate the developed solution. The stress strain response (1D) is given as a PDF of stress as a function of strain. The presentation of the stress strain response through the PDF 2 Kallol Sett et al. differs significantly from the traditional presentation of such results, which are represented by a single, unique curve in stress-strain space. In addition to that the numerical solutions are verified against closed form solutions where available (elastic). In cases where the closed form solution does not exist (elastic-plastic), Monte-Carlo simulations are used for verification.
Our recent development of the template elastic-plastic driver and solid elements within the OpenS... more Our recent development of the template elastic-plastic driver and solid elements within the OpenSees finite element framework were used to simulate the response of 3 × 3 and 4 × 3 pile groups founded in loose and medium dense sands. Several numerical static pushover tests were conducted to investigate the interaction effects for large pile groups. The results were then compared with those from centrifuge study. It is shown that our simulations can predict the behavior of large pile groups with good accuracy. Special attention was given to the three dimensional distribution of bending moment. It was found that bending moment develops in both the loading plane and the plane perpendicular to the loading direction. In addition, bending moment data from simulations was used to derive numerical p − y curves for individual piles, with the purpose of illustrating different behavior of individual piles in the same group.
Presented is an energy-based analysis and design framework for soil structure interaction system.... more Presented is an energy-based analysis and design framework for soil structure interaction system. Theoretical formulation based on thermodynamics and engineering mechanics for calculating energy dissipation in soil and structural elastic plastic finite elements is presented and discussed. The importance of incorporation of plastic free energy, that ensures nonnegative incremental energy dissipation, also known as the second law of thermodynamics, is emphasized. For application to practical engineering problems, the presented framework is implemented in the Real-ESSI Simulator and visualized using ParaView. In order to illustrate the proposed framework, a practical model composed of a reinforced concrete frame structure, underlying soil, and soil-foundation interface is developed and analyzed. Elastic-plastic material model and viscous, Rayleigh damping parameters are calibrated to represent typical realistic cases. Spatial and time distribution of energy dissipation density is analyzed and discussed. Locations with high plastic energy dissipation, used as a proxy for material and structural damage are identified. In addition, locations of high plastic energy dissipation within soil and soil-foundation interface, that are used to dissipate seismic energy before it reaches structure, are also identified. Influences of input seismic motion scale and design variation on system performance are investigated. It is shown that traditional displacement-based design parameters, such as peak displacement and maximum interstory drift ratio, could underestimate the change of system performance when different seismic motion scale or structural design are used.
Presented is an energy-based analysis and design framework for soil structure interaction system.... more Presented is an energy-based analysis and design framework for soil structure interaction system. Theoretical formulation based on thermodynamics and engineering mechanics for calculating energy dissipation in soil and structural elastic plastic finite elements is presented and discussed. The importance of incorporation of plastic free energy, that ensures nonnegative incremental energy dissipation, also known as the second law of thermodynamics, is emphasized. For application to practical engineering problems, the presented framework is implemented in the Real-ESSI Simulator and visualized using ParaView. In order to illustrate the proposed framework, a practical model composed of a reinforced concrete frame structure, underlying soil, and soil-foundation interface is developed and analyzed. Elastic-plastic material model and viscous, Rayleigh damping parameters are calibrated to represent typical realistic cases. Spatial and time distribution of energy dissipation density is analyzed and discussed. Locations with high plastic energy dissipation, used as a proxy for material and structural damage are identified. In addition, locations of high plastic energy dissipation within soil and soil-foundation interface, that are used to dissipate seismic energy before it reaches structure, are also identified. Influences of input seismic motion scale and design variation on system performance are investigated. It is shown that traditional displacement-based design parameters, such as peak displacement and maximum interstory drift ratio, could underestimate the change of system performance when different seismic motion scale or structural design are used.
Presented is a thermodynamics-based energy analysis approach for pressure-dependent materials. Fo... more Presented is a thermodynamics-based energy analysis approach for pressure-dependent materials. Formulation of plastic free energy and plastic dissipation for non-associated Drucker-Prager plasticity model is derived based on thermodynamics. It is proven that the proposed energy computation formulation always gives non-negative incremental plastic dissipation, as required by the second law of thermodynamics. Presented methodology is illustrated using numerical simulations of Toyoura sand and Sacramento river sand under different loading conditions. Multi-directional loading and pressure-dependency effects on plastic dissipation are investigated. The continuous, non-negative dissipation of mechanical energy in pressure-dependent frictional materials under complex 3D cyclic loading is properly modeled.
Modeling and simulation of earthquake soil-structure interaction (ESSI) requires number of sophis... more Modeling and simulation of earthquake soil-structure interaction (ESSI) requires number of sophisticated modeling and simulation approaches in order to reduce modeling uncertainty and to improve the accuracy of results. Of particular importance here, is the non-linear effects, that control the Earthquake Soil-Structure Interaction (ESSI) behavior for any significant seismic event. Non-linear response of soil and rock, of the contact zone (soil/rock-foundation), base isolators and dissipators, and of the structural components prove sometimes beneficial and sometimes detrimental to the overall ESSI response. Present here, is a high fidelity realistic 3D ESSI modeling and simulation approach for a prototype of nuclear power plant (NPP) building. Number of sophisticated modeling approaches that are used for ESSI analysis is presented. Differences between results obtained using elastic soil and elastic-plastic soil with and without contact is discussed. The study illustrates the need for...
In this paper we present methodology to numerically simulate behavior of piles in liquefiable soi... more In this paper we present methodology to numerically simulate behavior of piles in liquefiable soils. In addition to that, simulation examples involving laterally spreading soil with and without piles are presented as well. These simulation examples are also used to investigate the so called pile pinning effects where pile (is trying to) resist liquefied soil lateral spreading. Prediction of behavior of piles in laterally spreading grounds is also used to investigate effects a geomechanics phenomena of voids - pore fluid volume/pressure redistribution has on behavior of such systems. Presented work constitutes another step in our effort to develop high fidelity models and simulation tools for use in performance based design of infrastructure objects.
Af ully coupled nonlinear dynamic numerical approach and an advanced constitutive model have been... more Af ully coupled nonlinear dynamic numerical approach and an advanced constitutive model have been implemented in a three dimensional finite element computer code to predict theresponse ofsaturated porous mediaunder different types of loading condi- tions including earthquake loading. The formulation and implementation are already verified and validate, and were then applied to the problem of sand liquefaction and cyclic mobility phenomena for investigation on a specific configuration of layered soil column, where liq- uefaction of the deeper loose elements prevents transmission of earthquake induced shear stresses to the upper layers.
In recent years, the promising concept of metamaterials has entered the field of civil engineerin... more In recent years, the promising concept of metamaterials has entered the field of civil engineering. These type of configurations are characterized by extraordinary properties regarding prevention or guidance of wave propagation. In order to increase the potential frequency band in which such structures efficiently attenuate vibration, the concept of nonlinearity is here exploited. Negative stiffness elements are studied and arranged in a lattice of identical cells, in order to study the resulting wave screening properties. The outcomes of this study indicate the ability of the system to mitigate vibration within a wide range of frequencies.
We computed broadband (0-5 Hz) ground motions from large earthquakes (magnitudes M 6.5 and 7.0) i... more We computed broadband (0-5 Hz) ground motions from large earthquakes (magnitudes M 6.5 and 7.0) in the near-fault region (< 50 km) for engineering applications. Simulations were run with SW4, a summation-by-parts finite difference code, and included three-dimensional (3D) Earth structure. In order to run large domains (100 x 50 km) and accurately model high frequencies (up to 5-10 Hz), we ran on state-of-the-art high-performance computing (HPC) platforms at Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories. Earthquake rupture models were based on pseudodynamic kinematic methods and include stochastic slip distributions and scaling between slip, rise time and variable rake. Earth models include simple plane-layered (onedimensional, 1D) average crustal models, as well as models with sedimentary basins and stochastic heterogeneity. We obtained good agreement between simulated motions and Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPE’s). Seismograms computed in this study are...
Earthquake events are among the most devastating catastrophes on Earth. Besides human casualties,... more Earthquake events are among the most devastating catastrophes on Earth. Besides human casualties, they are also responsible for large damage to a variety of man-built objects. Civil engineering thus has significant interest in understanding effects of earthquakes. Induced dynamic motions will cause significant oscillations in stress and strain tensors inside 3D solids (soils, concrete and steel). These fluctuations in stresses and strains can result in failure of one of the components of the civil engineering object which might eventually lead to the complete failure and loss of life. We use tensor visualization techniques to study seismic behavior of concrete pile foundations embedded in soil. We show results and limitations of current and new techniques leading to a discussion of possible further research.
Visualization of fourth-order tensors from solid mechanics has not been explored in depth previou... more Visualization of fourth-order tensors from solid mechanics has not been explored in depth previously. Challenges include the large number of components (3x3x3x3 for 3D), loss of major symmetry and loss of positive definiteness (with possibly zero or negative eigenvalues). This paper presents a decomposition of fourth-order tensors that facilitates their visualization and understanding. Fourth-order tensors are used to represent a solid's stiffness. The stiffness tensor represents the relationship between increments of stress and increments of strain. Visualizing stiffness is important to understand the changing state of solids during plastification and failure. In this work, we present a method to reduce the number of stiffness components to second-order 3x3 tensors for visualization. The reduction is based on polar decomposition, followed by eigen-decomposition on the polar "stretch". If any resulting eigenvalue is significantly lower than the others, the material has softened in that eigen-direction. The associated second-order eigentensor represents the mode of stress (such as compression, tension, shear, or some combination of these) to which the material becomes vulnerable. Thus we can visualize the physical meaning of plastification with techniques for visualizing second-order symmetric tensors.
Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, May 18, 2018
Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) can be used as vibration control devices to improve the vibration perfo... more Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) can be used as vibration control devices to improve the vibration performance of high-rise buildings. The Shanghai Tower (SHT) is a 632-m high landmark building in China, featuring a new eddy-current TMD. Special protective mechanisms have been adopted to prevent excessively large amplitude of the TMD under extreme wind or earthquake loading scenarios. This paper presents a methodology for simulating behavior of the new eddy-current TMD that features displacement-dependent damping behavior. The TMD model was built into the SHT finite element model to perform frequency analysis and detailed response analyses under wind and earthquake loads. Furthermore, soilstructure interaction (SSI) effects on wind and seismic load responses of the SHT model were investigated, as SSI has a significant impact on the vibration performance of high-rise buildings. It was found that SSI has more significant effects on acceleration response for wind loads with a short return period than for wind loads with a long return period. Some of the acceleration responses with SSI effects exceed design limits of human comfort for wind loads with shorter return periods. As to the seismic analyses, it was found that SSI slightly reduces the displacement amplitude, the damping force, and the impact force of the TMD.
NEES at UC Davis capitalized on the size of the centrifuge and innovations in instrumentation and... more NEES at UC Davis capitalized on the size of the centrifuge and innovations in instrumentation and information technology to enable generation of higher resolution information (control, sensors, and images) and to create more realistic physical models. With NEES the Center for Geotechnical Modeling is working to implement advanced instrumentation, digital video, robotics, and geophysical testing to increase the quality and quantity of data that can be collected; to increase the capacity of the centrifuge; and to develop a biaxial shaking capability. These improvements will allow us to extract more detailed and more accurate information from experiments and simulations, maximizing the information and knowledge that can be gained from these experiments. The Center for Geotechnical Modeling facilities are intended for use by researchers from academia and industry, from both the US and abroad. The centrifuge at UC Davis will be a shared-use facility under NEES, with experiments being performed by teams of researchers. New hardware and software developments are currently being implemented as part of the NEESgrid System Integration project. These new resources will allow teams to collaborate regardless of their physical location. Remote researchers will be able to control their experiments at UC Davis as easily as local researchers. Further information about the UC Davis NEES site can be obtained at , or by email to
... Geotechnical Capabilities in OpenSees PEER 2132000-3 Boris Jeremic University of California... more ... Geotechnical Capabilities in OpenSees PEER 2132000-3 Boris Jeremic University of California ... List of Figures 2.1 Monotonic triaxial loading on soil sample modeled using Drucker-Prager yield surface, Drucker-Prager flow direction, and perfectly plastic hardening rule. . . . . ...
In this paper, a solution is presented for evolution of Probability Density Function (PDF) of ela... more In this paper, a solution is presented for evolution of Probability Density Function (PDF) of elastic-plastic stress-strain relationship for material models with uncertain parameters. Developments in this paper are based on already derived general formulation presented in the companion paper. The solution presented is then specialized to a specific Drucker Prager elastic-plastic material model. Three numerical problems are used to illustrate the developed solution. The stress strain response (1D) is given as a PDF of stress as a function of strain. The presentation of the stress strain response through the PDF 2 Kallol Sett et al. differs significantly from the traditional presentation of such results, which are represented by a single, unique curve in stress-strain space. In addition to that the numerical solutions are verified against closed form solutions where available (elastic). In cases where the closed form solution does not exist (elastic-plastic), Monte-Carlo simulations are used for verification.
Our recent development of the template elastic-plastic driver and solid elements within the OpenS... more Our recent development of the template elastic-plastic driver and solid elements within the OpenSees finite element framework were used to simulate the response of 3 × 3 and 4 × 3 pile groups founded in loose and medium dense sands. Several numerical static pushover tests were conducted to investigate the interaction effects for large pile groups. The results were then compared with those from centrifuge study. It is shown that our simulations can predict the behavior of large pile groups with good accuracy. Special attention was given to the three dimensional distribution of bending moment. It was found that bending moment develops in both the loading plane and the plane perpendicular to the loading direction. In addition, bending moment data from simulations was used to derive numerical p − y curves for individual piles, with the purpose of illustrating different behavior of individual piles in the same group.
Presented is an energy-based analysis and design framework for soil structure interaction system.... more Presented is an energy-based analysis and design framework for soil structure interaction system. Theoretical formulation based on thermodynamics and engineering mechanics for calculating energy dissipation in soil and structural elastic plastic finite elements is presented and discussed. The importance of incorporation of plastic free energy, that ensures nonnegative incremental energy dissipation, also known as the second law of thermodynamics, is emphasized. For application to practical engineering problems, the presented framework is implemented in the Real-ESSI Simulator and visualized using ParaView. In order to illustrate the proposed framework, a practical model composed of a reinforced concrete frame structure, underlying soil, and soil-foundation interface is developed and analyzed. Elastic-plastic material model and viscous, Rayleigh damping parameters are calibrated to represent typical realistic cases. Spatial and time distribution of energy dissipation density is analyzed and discussed. Locations with high plastic energy dissipation, used as a proxy for material and structural damage are identified. In addition, locations of high plastic energy dissipation within soil and soil-foundation interface, that are used to dissipate seismic energy before it reaches structure, are also identified. Influences of input seismic motion scale and design variation on system performance are investigated. It is shown that traditional displacement-based design parameters, such as peak displacement and maximum interstory drift ratio, could underestimate the change of system performance when different seismic motion scale or structural design are used.
Presented is an energy-based analysis and design framework for soil structure interaction system.... more Presented is an energy-based analysis and design framework for soil structure interaction system. Theoretical formulation based on thermodynamics and engineering mechanics for calculating energy dissipation in soil and structural elastic plastic finite elements is presented and discussed. The importance of incorporation of plastic free energy, that ensures nonnegative incremental energy dissipation, also known as the second law of thermodynamics, is emphasized. For application to practical engineering problems, the presented framework is implemented in the Real-ESSI Simulator and visualized using ParaView. In order to illustrate the proposed framework, a practical model composed of a reinforced concrete frame structure, underlying soil, and soil-foundation interface is developed and analyzed. Elastic-plastic material model and viscous, Rayleigh damping parameters are calibrated to represent typical realistic cases. Spatial and time distribution of energy dissipation density is analyzed and discussed. Locations with high plastic energy dissipation, used as a proxy for material and structural damage are identified. In addition, locations of high plastic energy dissipation within soil and soil-foundation interface, that are used to dissipate seismic energy before it reaches structure, are also identified. Influences of input seismic motion scale and design variation on system performance are investigated. It is shown that traditional displacement-based design parameters, such as peak displacement and maximum interstory drift ratio, could underestimate the change of system performance when different seismic motion scale or structural design are used.
Presented is a thermodynamics-based energy analysis approach for pressure-dependent materials. Fo... more Presented is a thermodynamics-based energy analysis approach for pressure-dependent materials. Formulation of plastic free energy and plastic dissipation for non-associated Drucker-Prager plasticity model is derived based on thermodynamics. It is proven that the proposed energy computation formulation always gives non-negative incremental plastic dissipation, as required by the second law of thermodynamics. Presented methodology is illustrated using numerical simulations of Toyoura sand and Sacramento river sand under different loading conditions. Multi-directional loading and pressure-dependency effects on plastic dissipation are investigated. The continuous, non-negative dissipation of mechanical energy in pressure-dependent frictional materials under complex 3D cyclic loading is properly modeled.
Modeling and simulation of earthquake soil-structure interaction (ESSI) requires number of sophis... more Modeling and simulation of earthquake soil-structure interaction (ESSI) requires number of sophisticated modeling and simulation approaches in order to reduce modeling uncertainty and to improve the accuracy of results. Of particular importance here, is the non-linear effects, that control the Earthquake Soil-Structure Interaction (ESSI) behavior for any significant seismic event. Non-linear response of soil and rock, of the contact zone (soil/rock-foundation), base isolators and dissipators, and of the structural components prove sometimes beneficial and sometimes detrimental to the overall ESSI response. Present here, is a high fidelity realistic 3D ESSI modeling and simulation approach for a prototype of nuclear power plant (NPP) building. Number of sophisticated modeling approaches that are used for ESSI analysis is presented. Differences between results obtained using elastic soil and elastic-plastic soil with and without contact is discussed. The study illustrates the need for...
In this paper we present methodology to numerically simulate behavior of piles in liquefiable soi... more In this paper we present methodology to numerically simulate behavior of piles in liquefiable soils. In addition to that, simulation examples involving laterally spreading soil with and without piles are presented as well. These simulation examples are also used to investigate the so called pile pinning effects where pile (is trying to) resist liquefied soil lateral spreading. Prediction of behavior of piles in laterally spreading grounds is also used to investigate effects a geomechanics phenomena of voids - pore fluid volume/pressure redistribution has on behavior of such systems. Presented work constitutes another step in our effort to develop high fidelity models and simulation tools for use in performance based design of infrastructure objects.
Af ully coupled nonlinear dynamic numerical approach and an advanced constitutive model have been... more Af ully coupled nonlinear dynamic numerical approach and an advanced constitutive model have been implemented in a three dimensional finite element computer code to predict theresponse ofsaturated porous mediaunder different types of loading condi- tions including earthquake loading. The formulation and implementation are already verified and validate, and were then applied to the problem of sand liquefaction and cyclic mobility phenomena for investigation on a specific configuration of layered soil column, where liq- uefaction of the deeper loose elements prevents transmission of earthquake induced shear stresses to the upper layers.
In recent years, the promising concept of metamaterials has entered the field of civil engineerin... more In recent years, the promising concept of metamaterials has entered the field of civil engineering. These type of configurations are characterized by extraordinary properties regarding prevention or guidance of wave propagation. In order to increase the potential frequency band in which such structures efficiently attenuate vibration, the concept of nonlinearity is here exploited. Negative stiffness elements are studied and arranged in a lattice of identical cells, in order to study the resulting wave screening properties. The outcomes of this study indicate the ability of the system to mitigate vibration within a wide range of frequencies.
We computed broadband (0-5 Hz) ground motions from large earthquakes (magnitudes M 6.5 and 7.0) i... more We computed broadband (0-5 Hz) ground motions from large earthquakes (magnitudes M 6.5 and 7.0) in the near-fault region (< 50 km) for engineering applications. Simulations were run with SW4, a summation-by-parts finite difference code, and included three-dimensional (3D) Earth structure. In order to run large domains (100 x 50 km) and accurately model high frequencies (up to 5-10 Hz), we ran on state-of-the-art high-performance computing (HPC) platforms at Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories. Earthquake rupture models were based on pseudodynamic kinematic methods and include stochastic slip distributions and scaling between slip, rise time and variable rake. Earth models include simple plane-layered (onedimensional, 1D) average crustal models, as well as models with sedimentary basins and stochastic heterogeneity. We obtained good agreement between simulated motions and Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPE’s). Seismograms computed in this study are...
In this paper we overview some current modeling and simulation features of the NRC ESSI Simulator... more In this paper we overview some current modeling and simulation features of the NRC ESSI Simulator Program, a parallel, nonlinear, time domain finite element program developed to solve dynamic problems for the soil/rock -structure interaction of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) system. The NRC ESSI Program is part of the NRC ESSI Simulator System, a software, hardware and educational system for high fidelity modeling and simulation of dynamic response of NPPs.
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