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The emergence of postcolonialism traces its history back to the time period of colonialism. Postcolonialism is a resultant concept of colonialism and other political and social concepts. This research paper aims to study the emergence of postcolonialism as a new avenue of literary criticism. The concept of colonialism is discussed in detail in relation to imperialism, neocolonialism and eventually postcolonialism. The importance of postcolonialism as a tool in literary criticism is also focussed upon in this paper.

The project based organizations nowadays want to become the choicest agencies for management & implementation of projects related to sustainable economic development of the State. In order to achieve sustainable economic development, development institutes intend to revise and develop the project management and implementation abilities and employ a scientific " Project Management Approach " to become a domain expert on Project Management and Control thereby enabling the Institute to establish itself as the choicest agency to pitch for & fetch projects related to economic development. The research aims to ensure the effectiveness of project management and implementation, which in the long run contributes to achieve poverty reduction, building the capacity of human resources and institutions, strengthening governance and improving development outcomes.

The aim of this paper is to assess the consequence of sexual revolution in postmodern era within the selected novels of Martin Amis " Money " (1984) and " The pregnant Widow " (2010). This article is going to investigate why sexual evolution is happened in Western furthermore, how much sexual freedom has been affected in the manner and behaviour of Western people, according to Amis's novels. I want also to investigate why Martin Amis, the postmodern writer, has created such emancipated, voluptuous and absurd characters as John Self and Keith Nearing. This article seeks to scrutinize through some examples, where is the situation of 'self' especially in women characters in the result of sexual revolution and how the author depicts today life of human being, which encompassed by sexual deviations. It will be investigated whether immoralities and sexual promiscuity in Amis' novels are in the result of sexual emancipation or not. With this I reach to the conclusion that perhaps Martin Amis uses these characters and absurd lives in order to reveal the sexual and social dilemma in individual's life in postmodern condition. Perhaps this result open the way in the reader's mind for understanding about the social reality in our term.

The aim of this study is to show that the sales force has become in recent years a strategic key in the marketing process. Its role has emerged with the evolution of the technological progress, the proliferation of products and brands, the competitive intensification and the bulk markets. These changes make increasingly difficult the marketing of products and services. The sales force is not only a marketing technique or a promotional tool but also a communication element that provides and collects information. In this research, we applied the organization of the sales force to Henkel Company in Algeria.

This paper aim at exploring Religion, Justice and Human rights in Islamic perspective. It will evaluate some challenges facing religion especially Islam in advocating for justice and human rights. The paper also establish the impact of religion in advocating for justice and human rights in society. In some instances it explore how Islamic teachings can be implemented to promote Justice and Human rights. The paper will help both the religious and political leaders to promote Justice and Human rights. Islam has Five Pillars of religion. These pillars rotate around faith and practice. Analyzing the pillars, one realize that Justice and human rights are highly emphasized in Islam. Muslims believe that there can be no real justice except as an aspect of submission to Allah who is the source of justice. Although Allah is beyond comprehension or analysis, the Holy Qur’an teach about His attributes through what are sometimes called “the 99 attributes of Allah” and one of these is al- ªAdl, “the Just”. Another of these names is al-Muqsit, “the Dispenser of Justice” or “He who gives to each thing its due”. the fact remains that no justice can be attained without truth. That is why Qur’an emphasize that truth must always be adhered to in all undertakings. The Prophet PBUH also compelled Muslims to always speak the truth even when in danger. This will make justice a reality hence attainment of Human rights  The paper will focus on justice in Islam. It is divided into the following subsections; the introduction ; pillars of Islam and justice; Qur’an on truth and justice; reality of Islam and conclusion.

Okra, a green vegetable of South India used in various food preparations. The present findings proved that the raw okra is rich in antioxidants, phenolics and reducing power compared to fried and boiled once. There was quantitative loss of antioxidants in both fried and boiled okra which is equal to that of fungal infected okra through the in vitro inoculation of Fusarium verticilloides, a common pathogen in okra seeds. Three fold differences were noticed in raw and boiled samples with respect polyphenols. DDPH assay also indicated the three fold differences among fresh and boiled samples, confirmed the high scavenging activity of raw than boiled once. The results proved there was loss of free radical scavenging activity, quantitatively, phenolics and reducing power due to boiling, which is equivalent to Fusarium infection in fruits. Hence, it is suggestible to prefer raw / half cooked fruits to save its essential nutrients.

We are living in an age where the learners are faster than the teachers. The teachers have to cope with and make themselves such efficient that they can commensurate with ever growing technological and digital advancement , understand children psychology and teach effectively in ever expanding digital world. Digital divide has to be reduced and fast growing knowledge industry has to be harnessed with full vigour. Apps i.e. applications are those which are used in mobiles and palmtops like tablets, notepads which enable the learners to get information as and when needed. Apps apart from providing information have additional benefits of making the world close to ones five senses. World has become immersed in ones palm by providing her/him every desirable knowledge. Every thing in the world has two aspects one is positive and the other is negative. When used in the positive sense even the worst of anything can be ideally used. Technology has its own implications, it can be used for positive results by using it in most productive sense by channelizing its process and outcomes for intelligent purposes. In this context, learning apps have specialised features of enabling the learners to become such efficient and sufficient in their learning that they can promote self learning and self discipline too. Whilst a significant part of learning comes from teaching – of good teaching with good teachers – a major measure comes from exploration.it would seem that introducing educational apps in classroom settings is not difficult in the 21st century, making good use of the technology whilst using appropriate pedagogic practice to enhance learning with young children is crucial. Although respected educators strongly advise against the use of 'drill and practice' pedagogical practices, this type of method of teaching is still being practised. And where it would seem that independent exploration has its benefits, it is clear that adult intervention and collaboration with the children can be found to be especially effective. The present article attempts to focus on the learning apps, what they are and how they work.

The industrial revolution in the 18 th century has segmented many countries into developed, developing and least developing countries considering the wave and the intensity of industrialization phenomena. Government of the different countries have played an instrumental role in transforming the country's economy through undertaking the job of businessman wherein heavy industries recommended for energy, infrastructure and telecommunication were majorly controlled by the government. India too followed the footsteps of Russia tailor-made to mixed economy culture where private and public both participated in the industrialisation process during different plan period. The concept coined as CPSE now is under the quagmire of political consideration for divesting due to poor performance after the landmark year 1991. The paper attempts to focus on various issues pertaining to PSEs once known to be temples of modern India, now struggling for their sustainability either through self-obligation or through disinvestment in Global perspective.

Spun-dyeing has proven to be very efficient for the coloration of textiles for several decades now. This method of colored fiber production has unparalleled advantages in terms of environmental safety and color fastness. This review seeks to highlight the developments in spun-dyeing of regenerated cellulose fibers over the years with emphasis on choice of colorants and their effect on the fibers produced. Excerpts of results obtained from our research work on the compatibility of spun-dyed alginate fibers and their thermal/crystalline properties with fluorescent pigments have been included in this review. It was observed from literature that dissolved dyes have not been appreciably used in spun-dyeing dyeing due to the high temperature and alkaline nature of the spinning dope usually used in the production of regenerated cellulose. These perceived challenges however sets the pace for further research into the use of dissolved dyes for fiber spinning. The possibility of adding other functional finishes such as antimicrobial, antistatic and flame retardant properties to the spinning dope during the spun-dying process has made it more attractive than ever. However, there is the need for further research into the compatibility of some these finishes with the spinning dope and their possible effect on the microstructure and the tensile properties of the dyed fibers.

It is a widely accepted fact that literature reflects society. Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird is the reflection of 1930's America. Lee meticulously captures the issues, beliefs, prejudices of the Americans in this time period in the setting of a fictitious town, Maycomb, Alabama. Maycomb is a small town of close-knit families living for decades in that town. Though this is her first and the only novel (1920) till she would go on to publish Go Set a Watchman (2015) in 2015, Mockingbird received rave reviews and critical acclaim for her novel. Mockingbird received the Pulitzer Prize and went on to become a classic American novel which is prescribed in American Schools. The narrative is partly autobiographical as it is vaguely based on the incidents Lee witnessed in her hometown in 1936. The novel though deals with a very critical issue, racial prejudice, is simultaneously warm and educative of human values. The protagonist, Scout Finch, learns her lessons of compassion and courage at the hands of her father, Atticus Finch and their domestic help, Calpurnia. The present paper deals with the portrayal of women in Mockingbird. Lee portrays her women as strong, assertive, ethical and nurturing. Simultaneously, we have certain social characters who are stereotypes and the accuser, Mayella of Tom Robinson, a negative character. It is interesting to note the strong roles, both positive and negative, the women characters play in this novel. The paper makes a note of the strikingly contrasting characteristics and attempts to study the autobiographical elements behind the portrayal of women characters in the Mockingbird.

Electronic goods are very basic goods for both household as well as industry. We can find a number of electronic goods in any house and all the industries also used a number electronic equipment without using it there is no possibility of production it is a basic need for households, industries and services sector. The electronic sector is recorded a most growing sector in the world. In India the demand for electronic goods continuously growing for consumer electronic goods as well as industries small and heavy electronic sector the expansion of manufacturing sector in India increasing the demand for the electronic goods. Electronic industries not only producing the goods it also generating employment in the economy. A newly formed government scheme that is Make in India which is mainly focusing on the manufacturing sector considered the electronic sector is a most employment intensive sector of India. The government of India approved 100% FDI in the electronic sector and the number of foreign industries that is Samsung, L. G, Nokia, Microsoft, Panasonic etc are working in the Indian market. They are participating in the production of electronic goods and generating the employment in the economy. The 60 to 70 % need of electronic goods is fulfil by the import of the electronic goods lack of domestic production of the electronic goods. There is a very tuff competition among the electronic company due to high demand of the goods the most of the foreign companies are dominating in the market and the domestic companies continuously losing its normal business activities.

With the advent of 21st century, the stress over Pak-China bilateral relationship has increased drastically. China being one of the pioneers in world trade and often referred to as the upcoming world economic leader has healthy bilateral terms with Pakistan, progressing further day by day. The inception of strong engagements between Pak-China has its roots back to the Sino-Pak Border Treaty of 1963. Since then, the bilateral relationships between the countries improved and China has been a strong supporter of Pakistan in every matter till date. The concreteness of Sino-Pak bilateral terms is generally attributed to the foreign policy measures adopted by Ayub Khan. The Sino-Pak border treaty was signed during the military regime of Field Marshal Ayub Khan that proved as the cornerstone of Sino-Pak long-term relationships. Since then, China has been of great assistance to Pakistan in terms of economic and military aids. This paper acutely peeps into the historical foreign policy measures of Pakistan during Ayub's era. The challenges that have been fronted by Ayub Khan to maintain healthy relationships with China while maintaining the terms with other world leaders simultaneously. This paper concludes in the light of the collected facts that it was not Ayub Khan who overemphasized on Sino-Pak bilateral terms, but it was rather the need of time and for the prosperous future of Pakistan.

Leading a team or group is a real skill that takes time, thought, and dedication. Leadership is the most studied aspect of organization because it is the one overarching topic that makes the difference between success and failure. At times it may seem overwhelmingly complex, but by focusing on some fundamentals a team can be led with confidence and skill. The leader of any organization expectedly completes his role which is given by communicating the values of the organization he or she represents. Leadership skills are required by a manger to operate effectively at a strategic level and a successful manager or leader will be able to identify personal as well manage personal leadership development to achieve strategic ambitions where he will be able to evaluate the effectiveness of the leadership plan and promote a healthy and safe environment that supports a culture of quality. Leaders have good impact in our daily lives and futures. In good times and bad, there is always need for strong leadership. The success of a country is determined by the leaders it elects and the leadership characteristics and qualities they possess. How does someone earn the designation of being a great leader? History and current experiences provide guidance on how one might develop the abilities demonstrated by respected leaders. This case study examines the characteristics of and need for leaders in politics, society, religion, economy, and communities. Leadership is focused much more on the individual capability of the leader: "Leadership is a function of knowing yourself, having a vision that is well communicated, building trust among colleagues, and taking effective action to realize your own leadership potential. " 1 Thus this paper aims to outline what a leader is, the qualities a proper leader possess, and the effect of leadership in the contemporary world.

Pakistan has a long and strong relationship with China, and it will remain their strength due to their geo-political requirements. A close identity of socio-political views and mutual interests in the political economy remain the centre- point of bilateral ties. Since 1962 war, Pakistan has supported China in important matters regarding national and international issues. Pak-China also collaborated extensively in military and economic projects. Pakistan has also served as a conduit for China’s influence in the Muslim World. China has pledged to vastly increase their investment in Pakistan’s economy and infrastructure. The author of the paper believes that this paper would academically contribute towards Pakistan to promote peace through political economy between China- Pakistan Economic Corridor.

Zr alloys are widely used as materials for nuclear fuel pellets in the nuclear industry. In the case of the LOCA or RIA happen, a temperature may locally reach high values. Even if the high temperature maintains shortly, the zirconium oxides may become permeable, absorb hydrogen appearing in cooling water from decomposition reaction and crack because of formation and brittle failure of hydrides. Such model cannot so far take into account that high-temperature oxidation of Zr claddings may also result in an appearance of significant intrinsic stresses, which cause the faster descaling and cracking of the layer, thus making a hydrogen entry into the bulk more rapid. It also neglects the real surface state of commercial Zr, which may possess the surface damage and cracks. The present research was aimed at examination of an appearance and degradation of the oxide layers in the Zircaloy-2 nuclear material on round as-received specimens. The tests were performed by an oxidation of the alloy in the air at temperatures ranged between 350 and 900°C for time 0.25 or 0.5 h, corresponding to conditions of the nuclear accident. The cracks observed at relatively low temperature followed by the oxide descaling can be explained regarding already existing cracks and high intrinsic stresses appearing on the surface of small diameter rods and tubes.

Instilling emotional intelligence among students is the need of the hour and it is only a concerned and understanding educator who can make future citizens emotionally competent. Communication apprehension, which is noticed in many students in a class room, is due to low emotional intelligence. The helplessness experienced by the student makes him/ her a pessimist, always anticipating the worst. Many a time, lack of concentration, poor memory, confusion and doubt in thought and speech that are noticed by a teacher in some of her students are all due to this anxiety. In course of time such students have low self-esteem andlow level of personal and social competence; making him/ her failure in this competitive world. An empathetic and understandingfacilitator can wield her magic wand and play a significant role in alleviating this apprehension and building the learners' emotional quotient; thus enabling him to face future challenges and emerge victorious. This can be done with an understanding that most of the social problems that are experienced by these individuals stem from how they are perceived by others and how others respond to them. A concerned facilitator should watch for all the symptoms, analyze the situation and the learners thoroughly; and then think of ways to improve the learners' EQ. He/ she should also provide the extrinsic motivation required for positive learning to take place; be a doctor than a judge and offer medication than pass a judgment.

Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura is an auto-immune disorder characterized by persistent thrombocytopenia in which patients immune system reacts with a platelet auto antigen or antigens resulting in thrombocytopenia due to immune mediated platelet destruction and or suppression of platelet production. ITP affects both children and adults. The estimated incidence is 100 cases per one million persons per year, with almost equal proportion of children and adults. Materials & Methods 71 cases of Chronic ITP fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Records were taken in tabulated form with name, age, sex, residence, marital status, age at diagnosis. Relevant investigations like CBC, MPV, manual Platelet count, ANA, TSH, H.pylori, Anti-HCV, HIV, and G6PD were done in cases where Dapsone was planned. Dapsone was used at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg/d for a minimum of three months after G6PD assay was negative. Results Number of cases analyzed was seventy one. Median age was 27.8 years with M: F percentage of 26.8 % and 73.2% respectively. Percentage of response was Fair (19.3%), Good (66.3%), Excellent (4.4%) and Poor (10%). Average time to response was 3.2 months. All responders were able to abandon other ITP related treatment. Average duration of treatment was 1.62 years. The mean post treatment platelet count in responders was 30,000-1.9 L/cu mm. Side effects in form of allergy, Rash, including Steven Johnson syndrome was seen in 4(5.06%) cases. Spleenectomy was done in 10 patients (14%). Conclusions Categorization of response to Dapsone was seen as good (66.3%), Fair (19.3%), Excellent (4.4%) and Poor (10%), with no long term haemolysis. Hence, suggesting Dapsone as safe second line drug for Chronic ITP.

Many writers of South-Asian descent have written about the traumatic experience of partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947 and from their writings we come to know the violent event of partition that constitute history. Brat—are about her perceptions of life as a Parsi, Punjabi, Pakistani and American woman respectively. All of her works have some degree of autobiographical elements as she picks up some significant incidents from her own life or from the lives of other people and flashes them out to create a larger reality of fiction. There is a sense of truthfulness in the characters of her novel and to make it possible she draws the characters of the stories from her own perception of the common folk of her surroundings. The great Urdu poet of the subcontinent, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, has praised Sidhwa for her comedy and Shrewd observations of human behaviour, Faiz Ahmed Faiz says that " Ruthlessly, deeply perceptive, she tells her story with rare courage, frankness, and good humour " (Paranjape 89). He compares her to V.S. Naipaul and R.K. Narayan.

Background: Asthma is amongst the commonest chronic diseases worldwide. It is an atopic disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. Vitamin D has a role as immunomodulator by interacting with T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, mast cells, monocytes and macrophages. Vitamin D receptor is present in the bronchial smooth muscle. Vitamin D alters the airway smooth muscle expression of chemokines and inhibits the expression of a steroid resistant gene. Vitamin D deficiency has been correlated with elevated BMI . Aims and objective: To estimate Vitamin D levels in asthmatic females (cases) and non-Asthmatic females (controls) and to establish a correlation between Vitamin D and BMI.  Method: The study was conducted in Govt. Medical College, Kota and attached group of hospitals during December 2014 to January 2016. A total of 60 females of age group between 20 - 40 years were included, out of which 28 females were healthy as control and 32 were diagnosed cases of asthma. Estimation of vitamin D (25OH vitamin D) was done by Chemiluminescence in Hormonal Assay Lab Biochemistry Department Govt. Medical College, Kota. Serum level of vitamin D were categorized into normal (≥30 ng /ml or 75 nmol/l), insufficient (≥ 20 to <30 ng/ml) and deficient (< 20 ng/ml or 50nmol/l). Results: Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng /ml) was seen in 18.7% of cases and 14.2% of controls. P value is <0.05 which is significant. The Pearson’s correlation between Vitamin D and BMI (r= -0.50). By this study we conclude that Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in asthmatic patients. There is a negative correlation between Vitamin D and BMI. Serum vitamin D could be considered in the routine investigation of patients with asthma.

The Government of India has launched its " Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan "-an ambitious programme seeking education for all by 2010. SSA will ensure that every Child with Special Needs is provided education in an appropriate environment. To ensure the success of this programme it has Right to Education Bill, 2005, clearly emphasizing the right to every child between the age of 6 and 14 years. India is a signatory to the 1990 United Nations World Declaration on Education for All, (EFA) which reaffirmed the rights of all children including children with disabilities to access education in regular school settings and to the Biwako Millennium Framework for Action towards an inclusive, barrier free and rights based society for persons with disability, the Declaration on the Full Participation and Equality of People with Disabilities in the Asia Pacific Region. Govt. of India has to accelerate the new scheme of Inclusive Education to achieve the target of Education for All (EFA) by 2010. The success of this programme depends on the curriculum, school and teachers. This task is really tedious and challenging. It needs a thorough change in the outlook and working of those who are associated with the processes and product of the school education. In this respect the teacher play an important role. The way he/she transact the curriculum is called strategies. The teacher should understand what the aims of education are. He/she should consider the objectives of curriculum and understand the processes of learner development. In inclusive education every child has a diverse need whether it is a normal child or a CWSN. Children develop physically at different ratio and this difference affects the learning capacity of learner. Teacher must consider this difference. Only a teacher can identify this difference among learners. The teachers must try to satisfy the need of the children as far as practicable, so that the relationship becomes strong. He/she should remain alert always in order to meet the needs of the students.

Surface creases (ridges and ravines) provide us with important information about the shapes of objects and can be intuitively defined as curves on a surface along which the surface bends sharply. These features are a task in many areas such as computer vision and image processing. Even though a significant amount of research has been directed to defining and extracting ridges and ravines some fundamental challenges remain. The authors in [6, 21] have recently shown the attraction of ridge and height ridge as a generalized local maximum in 2-D Riemannian Geometry, and have presented a new algorithm to extract height ridges from 2-D images. Here, we are concerned also with attraction ridge and height ridge definitions as a generalized local maximum, but in n-D Riemannian Geometry, and then we have a new algorithm to extract height ridges from 3-D and n-D images. The results in this paper considered as a continuation to [1, 2, 3].

This work is including synthesis of several new shiff bases and β-lactame by reacting of metronidiazolewith ethylchloro acetate to give ester which has been converted to amine by treatment with hydrazine hydrate.Shiff bases have been synthesized by treatment of amine with different aldehyde,β lactam have been synthesized by treatment the last With chloracetylechlorid The synthesiscompound have been characterized by FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, and 13 C-NMR.

The research paper work aims at the studying psychological impact on physical health and fitness among the adolescents. In this research paper we have used, 2x2 factorial design. Youth problem inventory will be used consisted of physical health and fitness, self and self identified, economics and material facilities, friends and marriage, family, social, educational, vocational, cost, morality and religion dimensions developed by Badami (1970) these dimensions were depended variables. Gender (male-female-2) locales (rural-urban-2) two level were independent variables. Rural adolescents showed no significantly difference on psychological impact of physical health and fitness as compared to urban adolescent. INTRODUCATION The term adolescence is derived from the Latin word " adolescere " meaning to grow, to mature. It is considered as a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. They are children with good heights yet are not adults mentally. It is characterized by rapid physical growth, significant physical, emotional, psychological and spiritual changes. Adolescents constitute 22.8% of population of India as on 1st march 2000.They are not only in large numbers but are the citizens and workers of tomorrow. The problems of adolescents are multi-dimensional in nature and require holistic approach. A large number of adolescents in India are illiterate, malnourished, get married early, working in vulnerable situations, and are sexually active. They are exposed to tobacco or alcohol abuse. Literature Review According to (Pathak, Yegeshwar, 2014), the main purpose of their research was a study of mental health and social adjustment among college student boys and girls was calculated and result were revealed. There is no significant difference in social adjustment of college student boys and girls, the significant co-relation between mental health and social adjustment reveals highly positive correlation. Studies to (Gosh, D., 2014) suggests mental health includes emotional, mental, and social well-being. Positive mental health improves the quality of life, educational achievement; relationship and psychological resilience. The present study attempts to determine the mental health of the tribal and non tribal college students of Tripura. Further it aims to investigate the effect of gender upon mental health. It also aims to compare the mental health of tribal hostillian and non hostillians. Results further reveal that, the college students from both the community possess poor mental health. The results of the Study can be used retrospectively for ensuring psychological intervention to improve the mental health of the

The present study was designed to center around emotion measurement issues by line number estimations techniques and the relationship of envy and jealousy emotions with appraisal dimension. Study made an attempt to identify the interval (0 interval and 24 hours interval) and emotion effect on line, number estimations. Data were collected from the U.G. students; subject has to respond on their past emotional experiences on the basis of appraisal dimension, by line and number estimation techniques. In-depth interview with respondents' generated descriptive data. The data were analyzed with the help of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). In the present study effect of interval was found on appraisal dimension and line, number estimations. In emotions disgust shows higher differences in comparison to anger. The present study also found the one type of interaction effects between interval x emotion. The findings of study have important implications for the measurement of emotions that how emotion measure in a better way by the magnitude scale. The research also shows the relationship of emotions with the appraisal dimensions.

Holding up in any setting is surely understood to include negative impact shopper assessment of administrations and administration suppliers. Then again, we had researched the constructive outcomes of holding up, for example, evaluated client challenge, excite, and buy objective—amid the buy of style wares. We ordered holding up into four sorts in light of whether holding up happens, whether clients recipient a space filler, or whether a filler is identified with the circumstance. An online overview was led for experimental testing. In the wake of perusing the outcome, 200 respondents answered to a poll with respect to assessed client challenge, excite, and buy objective. The discoveries demonstrated that normal challenge, excite, and buy objective varied altogether as indicated by the holdup sort. Clients gave connection related filler reported the most astounding expected challenge, excite, and buy target, and energy was found to referee the relationship between expected challenge and buy objective.

As the world is heading towards the depletion of natural resources and the loss of forest/garden area due to urbanization, there is a dire need of terrace gardens. Due to the population explosion with a house for every citizen in the country, all the open areas are eaten away by concrete buildings. This has created the ecological imbalance, which can cause tremendous harm to our future generations. When we cannot avoid utilizing open spaces on the ground for the construction of buildings and other utilities, then at least the open spaces available above these buildings can be utilized for plantations and gardens to minimize the ecological imbalance, if not eliminate it altogether. There are many benefits of these terrace gardens, such as waste recycling, ecological benefits, energy conservation, water conservation, decorative enhancement of buildings, occupant's health benefits and attracting birds and insects. The list can be much longer. In this paper, a case study is considered highlighting the benefits of terrace garden and its significant role in sustainability and environment. The paper is based on the author's own experience in self-cultivated terrace garden.

Academic discourse is written to cater for a particular audience and like any other text contains the author's interpretation of his discourse. The author negotiates and persuades the reader to accept his interpretation of the text in discussion. One of the strategies used to convey messages in academic writing is the use of hedging. Hedging is used as a rhetoric strategy to modify the definiteness of an utterance, or to modify the commitment of the author to the propositions he puts in a text. The use of hedges has the interpersonal aspect in that they are used to indicate that the speaker does not want to impose upon the hearer's desires or beliefs. The present study investigates the types of hedging used in the discussion of medical research discourse. It also establishes the functions hedges perform in these discussions and the frequencies of particular hedges. The study which is quantitative in nature established that hedging is used frequently in the discussions of medical research findings and that it has various functions as the authors present their claims with caution, precision and humility. The study has a pedagogical implication and concludes that hedging is an essential writing feature in medical genres that needs to be given attention when teaching communicative skills to medical students.

A stereotype is a representation of a group that signifies a particular characteristic. A stereotype is a preconceived notion, especially about a group of people (vocabulary.com) Stereotypes are the inference we make about the characteristics of certain group of people. Marketers are constantly seeking ways to make their products more easily identifiable to specific groups of end users. Advertisers are constantly trying to reinforce cultural stereotype to persuade their target market. In some cases, they may intentionally or unintentionally use stereotyping to show a product as appealing to their desired target customers or in an attempt to infuse humor into the advertisements. But sometimes the stereotype may rely on the characteristic that is negative or exaggerated.

For many, quality of life is significantly associated with prosperity. Owing to the fact that zoning is in charge of predetermining designs and coordination of all that make up cities and towns, including its streets and sidewalks, buildings, community, etc., it would be logical to infer that it can also be regarded as a secure means to insure urban quality of life. However, as there are various approaches to zoning, this paper compares the possibilities of two most popular methods in observing features that could enhance the urban quality of life in public spaces, ranging from commercial centers, plazas, and squares, to small, local neighborhood parks. In particular, thisstudy focuses on the ability of two types of zoning designs: Traditional vs. Form-Based Codes (FBC) in making high quality life in the city possible. To do so, a full comparison of the two types of zoning with reference to nine characteristics of good urban design (including density, mixed-use, streets and sidewalks, buildings, sense of place, fit, access, control, and equity) is undertaken to understand how zoning policies can help to nurture a more pleasant life in the urban areas. The results indicate that although each design and form is unique to each community and each development, there are inherent components in FBC which secure its adoption in the quest for urban quality of life, and hence prosperity.