<i>Phrynopus mariellaleo</i> sp. nov. FIGURES 2–4. <b>Holotype.</b> CORBI... more <i>Phrynopus mariellaleo</i> sp. nov. FIGURES 2–4. <b>Holotype.</b> CORBIDI 11668, AN ADULT fEMALE, fROM SEDRUSCO, VISTA ALEGRE DISTRICT, RODRÍGUEZ DE MENDOZA PROVINCE, DEPARTAMENTO AMAZONAS, PERU (6°6'42.9''S, 77°26'24''W, 2575 M ASL.; FIG. 5) ObTAINED ON 3 AUGUST 2012 bY PAbLO J. VENEGAS AND VILMA DURáN. <b>Paratypes.</b> SIX fEMALES (CORBIDI 11669, 11657, 11692, 11707, 11796, 11799), fIVE MALES (CORBIDI 11658, 11797–98, 11800–01, AND fOUR jUVENILES (CORBIDI 11670–71, 11802, 11804), ALL COLLECTED AT THE SAME LOCATION AS THE HOLOTYPE bETWEEN 1–10 AUGUST 2012 bY PAbLO J. VENEGAS AND VILMA DURáN. <b>Diagnosis.</b> (1) SKIN ON DORSUM SHAGREEN WITH SCATTERED LOW TUbERCLES, "V" OR "Y" SHAPED IRREGULAR (RIDGED) fOLDS IN SCAPULAR REGION, AND WITH OR WITHOUT A WEAK MIDDORSAL RIDGE; SKIN ON fLANKS SMOOTH WITH LOW fLAT WARTS; SKIN ON VENTER SMOOTH; DISCOIDAL fOLD WEAK, THORACIC fOLD PRESENT; DORSOLATERAL fOLDS PRESENT, COMPLETE; (2) TYMPANIC MEMbRANE AND TYMPANIC ANNULUS PRESENT AND PROMINENT; SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD PROMINENT, THICK AND LONG, EXTENDING fROM THE POSTERIOR MARGIN Of THE EYELID TO bEHIND THE ARM INSERTION; (3) SNOUT ROUNDED IN DORSAL AND LATERAL VIEWS; (4) UPPER EYELID bEARING SMALL, LOW, ROUND TUbERCLES; UPPER EYELID WIDTH SLIGHTLY NARROWER THAN IOD; CRANIAL CRESTS AbSENT; (5) DENTIGEROUS PROCESSES Of VOMERS PROMINENT, ObLIqUE, NARROWLY SEPARATED, SITUATED POSTEROMEDIAL TO CHOANAE; (6) VOCAL SLITS AND NUPTIAL PADS AbSENT; (7) FINGERS I AND II EqUAL IN LENGTH; DISCS ON fINGERS NARROW, ROUNDED, bEARING WEAK CIRCUMfERENTIAL GROOVES; (8) fINGERS LACKING LATERAL fRINGES; (9) ULNAR TUbERCLES AbSENT; (10) HEEL AND OUTER EDGE TARSUS WITHOUT TUbERCLES; INNER TARSAL fOLD PRESENT, SHORT, ObLIqUE; (11) INNER METATARSAL TUbERCLE PROMINENT, ELLIPTICAL, THREE TIMES LARGER THAN THE LOWER, OVAL OUTER METATARSAL TUbERCLE; PLANTAR SURfACE SMOOTH; (12) TOES LACKING LATERAL fRINGES; WEbbING AbSENT; TOE III AND TOE V AbOUT EqUAL IN SIZE; TOE DISCS NARROW, ROUND, bEARING WEAK MARGINAL GROOVES, EqUAL IN SIZE AS THOSE ON fINGERS; (13) [...]
FIGURE 6. Habitat at the type locality of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. Photograph taken on 21 A... more FIGURE 6. Habitat at the type locality of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. Photograph taken on 21 August 2012 by P.J. Venegas.
FIGURE 5. Map of Peru showing the distribution of species in the genus Phrynopus. 1. P. thompsoni... more FIGURE 5. Map of Peru showing the distribution of species in the genus Phrynopus. 1. P. thompsoni; 2. P. capitalis, P. dumicola, P. personatus; 3. P. anancites, P. valquii; 4. P. daemon; 5. P. lechryorhyncus, P. vestigiatus; 6. P. kotosh; 7. P. lapioides, P. unchog; 8. P. dagmarae, P. kauneorum; 9. P. interstinctus; 10. P. heimorum, P. horstpauli; 11. P. barthlanae, P. tautzorum; 12. P. miroslawae; 13. P. bracki, P. tribulosus, P. auriculatus; 14. P. pesantesi; 15. P. bufoides, P. paucari; 16. P. badius; 17. P. oblivius, P. peruanus; 18. P. inti; 19. P. chaparroi; 20. P. juninensis, P. montium. The star represents the type locality of P. mariellaleo sp. nov.
FIGURE 4. Paratypes of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral ext... more FIGURE 4. Paratypes of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral external morphological traits. (A, B) adult female (CORBIDI 11692), (C, D) adult female (CORBIDI 11657), and (E, F) adult male (CORBIDI 11658). Photographs by Pablo J. Venegas.
FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the female holotype (CORBIDI 11668) of Phrynopus ma... more FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the female holotype (CORBIDI 11668) of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. in life. Photographs by Pablo J. Venegas.
FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, and lateral view of head (C) of the female holotype (... more FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, and lateral view of head (C) of the female holotype (CORBIDI 11668) of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. in preservative (SVL = 39.7). Photographs by Pablo J. Venegas.
FIGURE 1. One optimal tree of 15646 steps depicting the position of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov... more FIGURE 1. One optimal tree of 15646 steps depicting the position of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. and the relationships of other species of Holoadeninae. The tree was inferred from 13269 aligned positions (tree-alignment in POY) of non-coding mtDNA genes 12S, 16S and the intervening tRNAvaline and tRNAleucine, mtDNA coding genes COI and CYTB, and fragments of the nuclear protein-coding genes 28S, C-MYC, CXCR4, H3, NCX1, POMC, RAG1, RHO, SIA, SLC8A3, and TYR. Jackknife frequencies and Goodman-Bremer values are shown above and below nodes, respectively.
We report the discovery of a geographically disjunct and morphologically distinctive species of d... more We report the discovery of a geographically disjunct and morphologically distinctive species of direct-developing frog of the genus Phrynopus (Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov.) that changes considerably our understanding of the distribution of species in this Andean genus. The type locality lies on a subcordillera (Cerro de Campanario area) of the extreme northeastern portion of the Cordillera Central of Peru, on the headwaters of the Mayo River, Amazonas department, at 2575 m asl (6°6’42.9’’S, 77°26’24’’W). This area is situated 170 km to the NE from the northernmost record of Phrynopus known so far. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a supermatrix (13269 aligned positions of gene sequences of four mitochondrial and ten nuclear genes) of 105 terminals (representing 93 named and 9 unnamed species of Holoadeninae) recover this new species as the sister to Phrynopus auriculatus, a species occurring more than 500 km south of the type locality of the new species. Both Phrynopus auriculatu...
—Based on morphological and previously published molecular and phylogenetic evidence, we report t... more —Based on morphological and previously published molecular and phylogenetic evidence, we report the discovery of a new species of Cercosaura from the northern portion of Cordillera Central, northern Peru. The new species inhabits the montane forests of northeastern Peru at elevations between 1,788–1,888 m. It differs from other species of Cercosaura by having the dorsum lighter than flanks, a white labial stripe that continues along the ventrolateral region until the hind limb insertion, subdigital lamellae on toes not tuberculate, 6–8 longitudinal rows of ventral scales, 32–36 transverse rows of dorsal scales, and dorsal surface of forelimbs and fingers dark brown.
<i>Phrynopus mariellaleo</i> sp. nov. FIGURES 2–4. <b>Holotype.</b> CORBI... more <i>Phrynopus mariellaleo</i> sp. nov. FIGURES 2–4. <b>Holotype.</b> CORBIDI 11668, AN ADULT fEMALE, fROM SEDRUSCO, VISTA ALEGRE DISTRICT, RODRÍGUEZ DE MENDOZA PROVINCE, DEPARTAMENTO AMAZONAS, PERU (6°6'42.9''S, 77°26'24''W, 2575 M ASL.; FIG. 5) ObTAINED ON 3 AUGUST 2012 bY PAbLO J. VENEGAS AND VILMA DURáN. <b>Paratypes.</b> SIX fEMALES (CORBIDI 11669, 11657, 11692, 11707, 11796, 11799), fIVE MALES (CORBIDI 11658, 11797–98, 11800–01, AND fOUR jUVENILES (CORBIDI 11670–71, 11802, 11804), ALL COLLECTED AT THE SAME LOCATION AS THE HOLOTYPE bETWEEN 1–10 AUGUST 2012 bY PAbLO J. VENEGAS AND VILMA DURáN. <b>Diagnosis.</b> (1) SKIN ON DORSUM SHAGREEN WITH SCATTERED LOW TUbERCLES, "V" OR "Y" SHAPED IRREGULAR (RIDGED) fOLDS IN SCAPULAR REGION, AND WITH OR WITHOUT A WEAK MIDDORSAL RIDGE; SKIN ON fLANKS SMOOTH WITH LOW fLAT WARTS; SKIN ON VENTER SMOOTH; DISCOIDAL fOLD WEAK, THORACIC fOLD PRESENT; DORSOLATERAL fOLDS PRESENT, COMPLETE; (2) TYMPANIC MEMbRANE AND TYMPANIC ANNULUS PRESENT AND PROMINENT; SUPRATYMPANIC fOLD PROMINENT, THICK AND LONG, EXTENDING fROM THE POSTERIOR MARGIN Of THE EYELID TO bEHIND THE ARM INSERTION; (3) SNOUT ROUNDED IN DORSAL AND LATERAL VIEWS; (4) UPPER EYELID bEARING SMALL, LOW, ROUND TUbERCLES; UPPER EYELID WIDTH SLIGHTLY NARROWER THAN IOD; CRANIAL CRESTS AbSENT; (5) DENTIGEROUS PROCESSES Of VOMERS PROMINENT, ObLIqUE, NARROWLY SEPARATED, SITUATED POSTEROMEDIAL TO CHOANAE; (6) VOCAL SLITS AND NUPTIAL PADS AbSENT; (7) FINGERS I AND II EqUAL IN LENGTH; DISCS ON fINGERS NARROW, ROUNDED, bEARING WEAK CIRCUMfERENTIAL GROOVES; (8) fINGERS LACKING LATERAL fRINGES; (9) ULNAR TUbERCLES AbSENT; (10) HEEL AND OUTER EDGE TARSUS WITHOUT TUbERCLES; INNER TARSAL fOLD PRESENT, SHORT, ObLIqUE; (11) INNER METATARSAL TUbERCLE PROMINENT, ELLIPTICAL, THREE TIMES LARGER THAN THE LOWER, OVAL OUTER METATARSAL TUbERCLE; PLANTAR SURfACE SMOOTH; (12) TOES LACKING LATERAL fRINGES; WEbbING AbSENT; TOE III AND TOE V AbOUT EqUAL IN SIZE; TOE DISCS NARROW, ROUND, bEARING WEAK MARGINAL GROOVES, EqUAL IN SIZE AS THOSE ON fINGERS; (13) [...]
FIGURE 6. Habitat at the type locality of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. Photograph taken on 21 A... more FIGURE 6. Habitat at the type locality of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. Photograph taken on 21 August 2012 by P.J. Venegas.
FIGURE 5. Map of Peru showing the distribution of species in the genus Phrynopus. 1. P. thompsoni... more FIGURE 5. Map of Peru showing the distribution of species in the genus Phrynopus. 1. P. thompsoni; 2. P. capitalis, P. dumicola, P. personatus; 3. P. anancites, P. valquii; 4. P. daemon; 5. P. lechryorhyncus, P. vestigiatus; 6. P. kotosh; 7. P. lapioides, P. unchog; 8. P. dagmarae, P. kauneorum; 9. P. interstinctus; 10. P. heimorum, P. horstpauli; 11. P. barthlanae, P. tautzorum; 12. P. miroslawae; 13. P. bracki, P. tribulosus, P. auriculatus; 14. P. pesantesi; 15. P. bufoides, P. paucari; 16. P. badius; 17. P. oblivius, P. peruanus; 18. P. inti; 19. P. chaparroi; 20. P. juninensis, P. montium. The star represents the type locality of P. mariellaleo sp. nov.
FIGURE 4. Paratypes of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral ext... more FIGURE 4. Paratypes of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral external morphological traits. (A, B) adult female (CORBIDI 11692), (C, D) adult female (CORBIDI 11657), and (E, F) adult male (CORBIDI 11658). Photographs by Pablo J. Venegas.
FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the female holotype (CORBIDI 11668) of Phrynopus ma... more FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the female holotype (CORBIDI 11668) of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. in life. Photographs by Pablo J. Venegas.
FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, and lateral view of head (C) of the female holotype (... more FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, and lateral view of head (C) of the female holotype (CORBIDI 11668) of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. in preservative (SVL = 39.7). Photographs by Pablo J. Venegas.
FIGURE 1. One optimal tree of 15646 steps depicting the position of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov... more FIGURE 1. One optimal tree of 15646 steps depicting the position of Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov. and the relationships of other species of Holoadeninae. The tree was inferred from 13269 aligned positions (tree-alignment in POY) of non-coding mtDNA genes 12S, 16S and the intervening tRNAvaline and tRNAleucine, mtDNA coding genes COI and CYTB, and fragments of the nuclear protein-coding genes 28S, C-MYC, CXCR4, H3, NCX1, POMC, RAG1, RHO, SIA, SLC8A3, and TYR. Jackknife frequencies and Goodman-Bremer values are shown above and below nodes, respectively.
We report the discovery of a geographically disjunct and morphologically distinctive species of d... more We report the discovery of a geographically disjunct and morphologically distinctive species of direct-developing frog of the genus Phrynopus (Phrynopus mariellaleo sp. nov.) that changes considerably our understanding of the distribution of species in this Andean genus. The type locality lies on a subcordillera (Cerro de Campanario area) of the extreme northeastern portion of the Cordillera Central of Peru, on the headwaters of the Mayo River, Amazonas department, at 2575 m asl (6°6’42.9’’S, 77°26’24’’W). This area is situated 170 km to the NE from the northernmost record of Phrynopus known so far. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a supermatrix (13269 aligned positions of gene sequences of four mitochondrial and ten nuclear genes) of 105 terminals (representing 93 named and 9 unnamed species of Holoadeninae) recover this new species as the sister to Phrynopus auriculatus, a species occurring more than 500 km south of the type locality of the new species. Both Phrynopus auriculatu...
—Based on morphological and previously published molecular and phylogenetic evidence, we report t... more —Based on morphological and previously published molecular and phylogenetic evidence, we report the discovery of a new species of Cercosaura from the northern portion of Cordillera Central, northern Peru. The new species inhabits the montane forests of northeastern Peru at elevations between 1,788–1,888 m. It differs from other species of Cercosaura by having the dorsum lighter than flanks, a white labial stripe that continues along the ventrolateral region until the hind limb insertion, subdigital lamellae on toes not tuberculate, 6–8 longitudinal rows of ventral scales, 32–36 transverse rows of dorsal scales, and dorsal surface of forelimbs and fingers dark brown.
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