Resistance breeding in apple has a long tradition at the Institute of Fruit Breeding now Julius K... more Resistance breeding in apple has a long tradition at the Institute of Fruit Breeding now Julius Kuehn-institute in Dresden-Pillnitz. The breeding was aimed at the production of multiple resistance cultivars to allow a more sustainable and environmentally friendly production of apple. In the last decades a series of resistant cultivars (Re®-cultivars) bred in Dresden-Pillnitz has been released, 'Recolor' and 'Rekarda'
ABSTRACT The extension of the ripening season in open field production is of high economic intere... more ABSTRACT The extension of the ripening season in open field production is of high economic interest for strawberry growers. Therefore, targeted breeding for extreme early or late ripening cultivars with high yield potential is of particular interest. Thirteen strawberry cultivars were crossed in a reciprocal way without selfing, and the 144 resulting F1 populations were evaluated in a field trial over a period of two consecutive years. The data were analysed using a mixed-model approach adapted for diallel crossing designs using SAS 9.3. The variability in the crossing approach is mainly based on the general combining ability (GCA) of the cultivars (additive effects). Specific and reciprocal combining abilities (non-additive effects) appear less important. The highest GCAs for the trait Marketable Yield were found for the cultivars ‘Polka’ and ‘Yamaska’. The trait Earliness is bilateral with significantly low GCAs for early ripening in ‘Clery’ and ‘Daroyal’ and significantly high GCAs for late ripening in ‘Yamaska’ and ‘Florence’. Crosses with these cultivars are likely to deliver populations with both high yield and an extended ripening period.
ABSTRACT Progenies of ‘Schmidt's Antonovka’ (SA) have been widely used in Western breedin... more ABSTRACT Progenies of ‘Schmidt's Antonovka’ (SA) have been widely used in Western breeding programs as a source of scab resistance. The identity of SA has remained obscure, especially due to the existence of a series of ‘Antonovka’ cultivars with different origins. In this paper we show Schmidt's Antonovka to be identical to Анто́новка обыкновенный or ‘Common Antonovka’ (CA), an old Russian cultivar of unknown origin, by comparing simple sequence repeat (SSR) and SNP genotyping data from several first-generation descendants of SA from two European collections and a CA accession from the germplasm collection held at VNIISPK (The All-Russian Research Institute of Horticultural Breeding, Orel, Russia). The use of CA in Russian breeding programs is also briefly reviewed.
To break the juvenile stage of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) we transferred the LFY gene of Ar... more To break the juvenile stage of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) we transferred the LFY gene of Arabidopsis into the genome of the apple cv. 'Pinova'. A total of five transgenic clones constitutively overexpressing the LFY gene were obtained. Approximately, 20 shoots of each clone were rooted and transferred to the glasshouse. No flowers were obtained on transgenic plants during the first 2 years of cultivation. Evaluation of the expression of possible LFY targets revealed that no transcripts could be detected for MdAP1-1 and MdAP1-2. MdTFL1 was unaffected. Based on the absence of the LFY core-binding sequence within promoter sequences of MdAP1-1 and MdAP1-2, it was concluded that LFY was not able to induce these genes. The LFY genes of apple were unaffected in transgenic plants and sequence alignments of the C-terminal amino acid sequence showed a high conservation of these proteins. A change in binding ability to DNA can therefore be excluded. Instead of early flowering, the transgenic plants showed an altered phenotype, which is similar to the columnar phenotype of the 'McIntosh Wijcik' mutant of apple. The transgenic plants showed shortened internodes and a significantly reduced length of the regrowing shoot. A negative correlation was observed between the length of the regrowing shoot and the LFY mRNA transcript level. Furthermore, the LFY transgenic apple plants showed an increased shoot diameter at node 20, which was positively correlated with the LFY mRNA transcript level. Based on our results, we assume an alternative role of LFY in apple.
... 2003, Silfverberg-Dilworth et al. 2006). SSR marker analysis was carried out according to the... more ... 2003, Silfverberg-Dilworth et al. 2006). SSR marker analysis was carried out according to the PCR conditions described by Liebhard et al. (2002). SSR allele identification was made on a dual-laser automated DNA sequencer (model 4200L-2; LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA). ...
Red fruit flesh is a desirable trait in apple breeding, because red-fleshed apples are a novelty ... more Red fruit flesh is a desirable trait in apple breeding, because red-fleshed apples are a novelty and therefore considered to be more attractive to consumers and contain more health beneficial compounds. The red fruit flesh coloration is based on an increased level of cyanidin 3-galactoside, an anthocyanin whose biosynthesis is regulated by the MYB-type transcription factors MdMYB10 or MdMYB110a, respectively. A repeated segment in the MdMYB10 promoter allele R6 results in a gain-of-function mutation visible as red pigmentation of fruit skin and flesh and all vegetative tissues. Red-fleshed apple genotypes containing this R6 allele belong to the type 1 red-fleshed apple, which is known to be linked to some negative traits like astringent taste and internal flesh browning disorder. In type 2 red-fleshed apples the fruit flesh coloration is not inevitably linked with skin and leaf color. This red-fleshed apple phenotype, which is a result of increased expression of MdMYB110a, seems to be more useful for breeding, but it can be found rather seldom. In the present study 357 Malus accessions of the German Malus Germplasm Collection were evaluated for red fruit flesh coloration and the presence of the MdMYB10 R1 (not mutated) and R6 promoter alleles. Among them a total of 40 accessions were identified which contain the R6 allele. 37 accessions showed a red coloration of the fruit flesh. All these accessions belong to type 1 red-fleshed apple. No type 2 red-fleshed apple could be found. Three accessions with R6 allele had non-red-fleshed apples. 312 other non-red-fleshed accessions contained only the R1 allele. Five non-red-fleshed accessions contained a new promoter allele with an unexpected size of ~1 kbp. Sequencing of this allele detected the insertion of a non-autonomous apple transposon.
In dioecious plants of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.), males are regarded as heterogametic XY and fem... more In dioecious plants of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.), males are regarded as heterogametic XY and females as homogametic XX, although it is difficult to discriminate the X cytologically from the Y. The Y chromosome is somewhat larger than the X. Our aim was to analyse AFLP markers on X and Y, and to use them to gain some insight into the structure of the sex chromosomes. Markers located on the sex chromosomes can be grouped into different classes, depending on the presence or absence of a fragment on the X and/or the Y. They are detected by separately analysing male and female progenies of a single cross. Five markers were found to be located on both chromosomes. A few recombinants were observed for marker pairs of this class in the male progenies. Two completely linked markers located on the Y chromosome in the male parent show a recombination rate of r = 0.25 with sex. Recombination must have occurred between the sex chromosomes in the male parent. The recombination analysis led to the conclusion that there is a pseudoautosomal region (PAR) on the sex chromosomes, allowing recombination between the X and the Y chromosome. The other regions of the sex chromosomes show only a few recombination events, for the Y as well as for the X. These results are discussed in comparison to other dioecious plants.
Zusammenfassung Im Jahr 2003 waren die Kernobstquartiere des Instituts für Obstzüchtung der Bunde... more Zusammenfassung Im Jahr 2003 waren die Kernobstquartiere des Instituts für Obstzüchtung der Bundesanstalt für Züchtungsforschung an Kulturpflanzen in Dresden-Pillnitz stark mit Feuerbrand befallen. Der Zeitraum der Feuerbrandinfektion erstreckte sich über nahezu drei Monate. Nach dem ersten Auftreten von Symptomen an Birnen am 19.05.2003 und der amtlichen Bestätigung am 26.05.2003 wurde der letzte feuerbrandpositive Apfelbaum am 11.08.2003 bonitiert und gerodet. Aufgrund
Resistance breeding in apple has a long tradition at the Institute of Fruit Breeding now Julius K... more Resistance breeding in apple has a long tradition at the Institute of Fruit Breeding now Julius Kuehn-institute in Dresden-Pillnitz. The breeding was aimed at the production of multiple resistance cultivars to allow a more sustainable and environmentally friendly production of apple. In the last decades a series of resistant cultivars (Re®-cultivars) bred in Dresden-Pillnitz has been released, 'Recolor' and 'Rekarda'
ABSTRACT The extension of the ripening season in open field production is of high economic intere... more ABSTRACT The extension of the ripening season in open field production is of high economic interest for strawberry growers. Therefore, targeted breeding for extreme early or late ripening cultivars with high yield potential is of particular interest. Thirteen strawberry cultivars were crossed in a reciprocal way without selfing, and the 144 resulting F1 populations were evaluated in a field trial over a period of two consecutive years. The data were analysed using a mixed-model approach adapted for diallel crossing designs using SAS 9.3. The variability in the crossing approach is mainly based on the general combining ability (GCA) of the cultivars (additive effects). Specific and reciprocal combining abilities (non-additive effects) appear less important. The highest GCAs for the trait Marketable Yield were found for the cultivars ‘Polka’ and ‘Yamaska’. The trait Earliness is bilateral with significantly low GCAs for early ripening in ‘Clery’ and ‘Daroyal’ and significantly high GCAs for late ripening in ‘Yamaska’ and ‘Florence’. Crosses with these cultivars are likely to deliver populations with both high yield and an extended ripening period.
ABSTRACT Progenies of ‘Schmidt's Antonovka’ (SA) have been widely used in Western breedin... more ABSTRACT Progenies of ‘Schmidt's Antonovka’ (SA) have been widely used in Western breeding programs as a source of scab resistance. The identity of SA has remained obscure, especially due to the existence of a series of ‘Antonovka’ cultivars with different origins. In this paper we show Schmidt's Antonovka to be identical to Анто́новка обыкновенный or ‘Common Antonovka’ (CA), an old Russian cultivar of unknown origin, by comparing simple sequence repeat (SSR) and SNP genotyping data from several first-generation descendants of SA from two European collections and a CA accession from the germplasm collection held at VNIISPK (The All-Russian Research Institute of Horticultural Breeding, Orel, Russia). The use of CA in Russian breeding programs is also briefly reviewed.
To break the juvenile stage of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) we transferred the LFY gene of Ar... more To break the juvenile stage of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) we transferred the LFY gene of Arabidopsis into the genome of the apple cv. 'Pinova'. A total of five transgenic clones constitutively overexpressing the LFY gene were obtained. Approximately, 20 shoots of each clone were rooted and transferred to the glasshouse. No flowers were obtained on transgenic plants during the first 2 years of cultivation. Evaluation of the expression of possible LFY targets revealed that no transcripts could be detected for MdAP1-1 and MdAP1-2. MdTFL1 was unaffected. Based on the absence of the LFY core-binding sequence within promoter sequences of MdAP1-1 and MdAP1-2, it was concluded that LFY was not able to induce these genes. The LFY genes of apple were unaffected in transgenic plants and sequence alignments of the C-terminal amino acid sequence showed a high conservation of these proteins. A change in binding ability to DNA can therefore be excluded. Instead of early flowering, the transgenic plants showed an altered phenotype, which is similar to the columnar phenotype of the 'McIntosh Wijcik' mutant of apple. The transgenic plants showed shortened internodes and a significantly reduced length of the regrowing shoot. A negative correlation was observed between the length of the regrowing shoot and the LFY mRNA transcript level. Furthermore, the LFY transgenic apple plants showed an increased shoot diameter at node 20, which was positively correlated with the LFY mRNA transcript level. Based on our results, we assume an alternative role of LFY in apple.
... 2003, Silfverberg-Dilworth et al. 2006). SSR marker analysis was carried out according to the... more ... 2003, Silfverberg-Dilworth et al. 2006). SSR marker analysis was carried out according to the PCR conditions described by Liebhard et al. (2002). SSR allele identification was made on a dual-laser automated DNA sequencer (model 4200L-2; LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA). ...
Red fruit flesh is a desirable trait in apple breeding, because red-fleshed apples are a novelty ... more Red fruit flesh is a desirable trait in apple breeding, because red-fleshed apples are a novelty and therefore considered to be more attractive to consumers and contain more health beneficial compounds. The red fruit flesh coloration is based on an increased level of cyanidin 3-galactoside, an anthocyanin whose biosynthesis is regulated by the MYB-type transcription factors MdMYB10 or MdMYB110a, respectively. A repeated segment in the MdMYB10 promoter allele R6 results in a gain-of-function mutation visible as red pigmentation of fruit skin and flesh and all vegetative tissues. Red-fleshed apple genotypes containing this R6 allele belong to the type 1 red-fleshed apple, which is known to be linked to some negative traits like astringent taste and internal flesh browning disorder. In type 2 red-fleshed apples the fruit flesh coloration is not inevitably linked with skin and leaf color. This red-fleshed apple phenotype, which is a result of increased expression of MdMYB110a, seems to be more useful for breeding, but it can be found rather seldom. In the present study 357 Malus accessions of the German Malus Germplasm Collection were evaluated for red fruit flesh coloration and the presence of the MdMYB10 R1 (not mutated) and R6 promoter alleles. Among them a total of 40 accessions were identified which contain the R6 allele. 37 accessions showed a red coloration of the fruit flesh. All these accessions belong to type 1 red-fleshed apple. No type 2 red-fleshed apple could be found. Three accessions with R6 allele had non-red-fleshed apples. 312 other non-red-fleshed accessions contained only the R1 allele. Five non-red-fleshed accessions contained a new promoter allele with an unexpected size of ~1 kbp. Sequencing of this allele detected the insertion of a non-autonomous apple transposon.
In dioecious plants of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.), males are regarded as heterogametic XY and fem... more In dioecious plants of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.), males are regarded as heterogametic XY and females as homogametic XX, although it is difficult to discriminate the X cytologically from the Y. The Y chromosome is somewhat larger than the X. Our aim was to analyse AFLP markers on X and Y, and to use them to gain some insight into the structure of the sex chromosomes. Markers located on the sex chromosomes can be grouped into different classes, depending on the presence or absence of a fragment on the X and/or the Y. They are detected by separately analysing male and female progenies of a single cross. Five markers were found to be located on both chromosomes. A few recombinants were observed for marker pairs of this class in the male progenies. Two completely linked markers located on the Y chromosome in the male parent show a recombination rate of r = 0.25 with sex. Recombination must have occurred between the sex chromosomes in the male parent. The recombination analysis led to the conclusion that there is a pseudoautosomal region (PAR) on the sex chromosomes, allowing recombination between the X and the Y chromosome. The other regions of the sex chromosomes show only a few recombination events, for the Y as well as for the X. These results are discussed in comparison to other dioecious plants.
Zusammenfassung Im Jahr 2003 waren die Kernobstquartiere des Instituts für Obstzüchtung der Bunde... more Zusammenfassung Im Jahr 2003 waren die Kernobstquartiere des Instituts für Obstzüchtung der Bundesanstalt für Züchtungsforschung an Kulturpflanzen in Dresden-Pillnitz stark mit Feuerbrand befallen. Der Zeitraum der Feuerbrandinfektion erstreckte sich über nahezu drei Monate. Nach dem ersten Auftreten von Symptomen an Birnen am 19.05.2003 und der amtlichen Bestätigung am 26.05.2003 wurde der letzte feuerbrandpositive Apfelbaum am 11.08.2003 bonitiert und gerodet. Aufgrund
Uploads
Papers