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Research Interests:
سابقه و هدف: اخلاق را با صفت راسخ در نفس یا با رفتارهای شایسته و ناشایست در برخورد با دیگران تعریف کردهاند. اخلاق حرفهای شامل رفتار، عمل و ادب شخص در موقع انجام کار حرفهای و رعایت حقوق مردم در کسب و کار است که بر رفتارهایی ازجمله... more
سابقه و هدف: اخلاق را با صفت راسخ در نفس یا با رفتارهای شایسته و ناشایست در برخورد با دیگران تعریف کردهاند. اخلاق حرفهای شامل رفتار، عمل و ادب شخص در موقع انجام کار حرفهای و رعایت حقوق مردم در کسب و کار است که بر رفتارهایی ازجمله شفاف‌سازی و پرهیز از اعمال ضد اخلاقی در برخورد با مردم تأکید دارد. پزشکی حرفهای حساس و پرمشغله است که میتواند از مهمترین حرفههایی باشد که در اخلاق کاربردی به آن توجه می‌شود. در این مطالعه با هدف شناسایی دامنههای مهم در اخلاق حرفهای، اصول مهم در رعایت اخلاق حرفهای در پزشکی بررسی شده است. روش کار: این پژوهش مطالعه‌ای مروری است که دربارۀ شاخص اخلاقی با کلیدواژههای پزشکی، اخلاق و حرفه و معادل انگلیسی آن در منابع ملی و بین‌المللی مطالعه شد و حدود 150 مطالعۀ مروری و تحقیقی در حیطۀ اخلاق حرفهای پزشکی در بازۀ زمانی سال‌های 1385 تا 1398 (2000 تا 2018) با کلیدواژههای اخلاق حرفهای، پزشکی، محل کار، اخلاق اسلامی، شاخص‌ها و رویکردها استخراج شد و بر اساس موضوعات مطرح در مطالعات مشابه، دستهبندی و پس از پالایۀ موضوعی، بررسی شد. مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش ...
Clinical trials are known as the golden key in medical science researches with human participants. Therefore, they have always been considered interesting topics by researchers and scientists working in this field. On the other hand, due... more
Clinical trials are known as the golden key in medical science researches with human participants. Therefore, they have always been considered interesting topics by researchers and scientists working in this field. On the other hand, due to the “human participants”, they need to be performed very carefully. In this article, we have examined the ethical necessities and considerations in these researches in four stages: Research Design and Question-proposal review , approval - Supervision, implementation and publication of the results We have dealt with them using articles published between 2010 and 2019, and we have identified significantly important and prominent issues or even neglected cases. During this study, it was found that the Research Design and Question stage were the most discussed and challenged stages and the authors' sensitivity about them has been more than the other three stages. On the other hand, the results publishing stage with the least number of references ...
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Under-representation of the elderly in clinical trials leads to inadequate information on the effect of age with regard to new anticancer treatments. The exclusion of elderly patients from cancer experimentation, often due to limiting... more
Under-representation of the elderly in clinical trials leads to inadequate information on the effect of age with regard to new anticancer treatments. The exclusion of elderly patients from cancer experimentation, often due to limiting medical or psychosocial factors, appears to also stem from misconceptions about aging and frailty. Limited data on elderly cancer patients enrolled in clinical trials suggest that age itself, in the absence of severe concomitant illnesses or psychological, cognitive or functional impairment, is not an independent risk factor for either increased toxicity or lack of treatment efficacy. Prospective benefits of inclusion of the elderly in clinical trials must be weighed against exposing individual patients to potential risks. The medical, ethical and methodological implications of experimentation in the elderly need to be studied in depth. This article reviews ethical issues in cancer clinical trials, focusing on aspects that may deserve special attention...
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Research Interests:
Introduction The application of organizational ethics in hospitals is one of the novel ways to improve medical ethics. Nowadays achieving efficient and sufficient ethical hospital indicators seems to be inevitable. In this connection, the... more
Introduction The application of organizational ethics in hospitals is one of the novel ways to improve medical ethics. Nowadays achieving efficient and sufficient ethical hospital indicators seems to be inevitable. In this connection, the present study aims to determine the best indicators in hospital accreditation. Methods 69 indicators in 11 fields to evaluate hospital ethics were achieved through a five-step qualitative and quantitative study including literature review, expert focus group, Likert scale survey, 3 rounded Delphi, and content validity measurement. Expert focus group meeting was conducted, employing Nominal Group Technique (NGT). After running NGT, a three rounded Delphi and parallel to Delphi and a Likert scale survey were performed to obtain objective indicators for each domain. The experts were all healthcare professionals who were also medical ethics researchers, teachers, or PhD students. Content validity measurements were computed, using the viewpoints of two ...
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Dear Editor, I have read the article titled ‘‘The need to standardize use of the newly deceased in medical trainings’’ published in Clinics by Cabar FR et al. (1) with avid interest. The article provides information that would be useful... more
Dear Editor, I have read the article titled ‘‘The need to standardize use of the newly deceased in medical trainings’’ published in Clinics by Cabar FR et al. (1) with avid interest. The article provides information that would be useful for activists and researchers working in the fields of medical ethics and medical education. The implications of the brilliant issues highlighted by Dr. Cabar could be discussed further. In a similar field study, participants were asked two additional questions to evaluate their moral distress and feelings as well as the usefulness of educational training based on the use of the bodies of newly deceased individuals. Further, I would suggest that a more comprehensive evaluation should be performed by asking the participants about their willingness to repeat the training involving the use of the bodies of recently deceased individuals (2). As specified by Moore, despite the trainers’ and trainees’ apprehension or other negative feelings toward educatio...
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Introduction: The newly deceased patients have long been used in medical schools to teach clinical skills without any challenges as it helps to train skilled doctors. Nowadays, the use of moulages and simulators are common in teaching... more
Introduction: The newly deceased patients have long been used in medical schools to teach clinical skills without any challenges as it helps to train skilled doctors. Nowadays, the use of moulages and simulators are common in teaching clinical skills since these tools provide the opportunity for frequent practice without any pain and injury. There are specific procedures which still require the use of cadavers. However, the increased significance of patient rights has generally challenged the practicality of using the deceased bodies for this purpose. This study was designed with the aim of determining to what extent clinical skill training is dependent on the recently deceased patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method triangulation design conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data of the medical students and residents. The data were used to assess the frequency of experience. In the second stag...
Research Interests: Psychology and Medicine
In the last issue of the Journal of Paramedical Sciences, Abbasiyan, et al in their Original Article “Do the editors-in-chief of Iranian medical journals have a good knowledge, attitude and practice of plagiarism” showed that the... more
In the last issue of the Journal of Paramedical Sciences, Abbasiyan, et al in their Original Article “Do the editors-in-chief of Iranian medical journals have a good knowledge, attitude and practice of plagiarism” showed that the knowledge, attitude, and the practice (KAP) of the chief editors of scholarly journals in Iranian Medical Universities located in the capital city is in high and favorable level (1.58 out of 2) [1]. I would like to discuss the probable false messages of such articles for science ethical managers in the country. For some years, every several-months or several-years a scholarly paper or news has been published to show the ethics situation of academic researches or publication ethics in Iran periodically [2-5]. Some Iranian scientists think these reports are unfair [6], and some non-Iranian reporters named it a scandal [7] ; and yet, facts demonstrate little improvements with regards to ethical situation compared with the past. I believe that accepting the alr...
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The surge in fast food consumption in recent years is considered a threat to human health. This change in the life habit has raised serious concerns among health policy-makers and medical nutrition researchers. Environmental stress,... more
The surge in fast food consumption in recent years is considered a threat to human health. This change in the life habit has raised serious concerns among health policy-makers and medical nutrition researchers. Environmental stress, multitasking, low physical activity, and low academic achievement have been shown to influence the predilection for consuming fast food.1 We have now faced with one similarly threatening phenomenon among university students and academics, which can be termed “fast research”. Social pressures, as well as the fear of losing job opportunities, are the two main factors that propel university students to urgently seek a thesis supervisor so that they can perform their research project in a short time, get published, and then secure a position. The occurrence of the social crisis associated with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused depression and anxiety spikes in many postgraduate students as reported by Chirikov and colleagues.2 This, in turn, m...
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Background: Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi is known as a Persian philosopher, physician, physicist, mathematician and astronomer from the seventh century AD as well as the pioneer of Shiraz Medical doctrine. He has several books on medicine,... more
Background: Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi is known as a Persian philosopher, physician, physicist, mathematician and astronomer from the seventh century AD as well as the pioneer of Shiraz Medical doctrine. He has several books on medicine, philosophy, Quran, Hadith, physics, geography and mathematics. His medical books are “TohfeyeSadyeh” ,”Treatise on vitiligo” , “Treatise on ophthalmic diseases” and “Description on Avicenna’s Medical Poem”. Qutb al-Din has had a comprehensive discussion on medical ethics in the third chapter of “Fi-Bayan-el-Hajateela al-Tebbeva al-AttebbavaVasayahom” [The need to medicine and physicians and their recommendations] that is the most comprehensive treatise on medical ethics in ancient Persia. Methods: In this article, we have reviewed the third chapter of “Fi-Bayan-el-Hajateela alTebbeva al-AttebbavaVasayahom” and made a comparison between Qutb al-Din’s recommendations on medical ethics and classic ethical code.
In current issue of the Journal of Medical Education, Afshar in the Editorial “The Role of Private Sector in Higher Education; From Quantity and Quality to Access and Social Justice” proposed the importance of justice and quality. (1) It... more
In current issue of the Journal of Medical Education, Afshar in the Editorial “The Role of Private Sector in Higher Education; From Quantity and Quality to Access and Social Justice” proposed the importance of justice and quality. (1) It seems that there are some differences between two types of private sector in higher education. One type of private financial support in higher education comes purely from private sector without any contribution of public sector. The second type of private finance in the higher education especially the type which has grown recently in Iranian higher education is a type of combination between public higher education and private sector the so called international branch of the university till recent years, and nowadays called selfgoverning campus of the university. (2) In this type of private contribution to public higher education those who have no or little money must pass very hard national examination to be accepted in the university, and those who...
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The code of ethical conduct for physiotherapy services must be compatible with the local culture. The ethical guidelines proposed here were developed through a literature review, focus group discussions, and finally a modified Delphi... more
The code of ethical conduct for physiotherapy services must be compatible with the local culture. The ethical guidelines proposed here were developed through a literature review, focus group discussions, and finally a modified Delphi technique to achieve consensus after the data were analysed. At first, the collection of different ethical codes yielded 132 items. In the second stage, repetitive items were discarded, some new items were added, and the various codes were categorised into three domains. Overall, 175 items were considered in the Delphi stage. Subsequently, the items were reduced to 134 in total – 59 in the treatment domain, 41 in research, and 34 in the education domain. The resulting code of ethics will support patients, researchers, students, and teachers in the field of physical therapy with sensitivity to current Iranian legislation and culture.
Background: Breaking bad news to patients is an unpleasant process, but it is essential for the medical team, which is giving information about a person’s illness; without proper planning, it leads to a negative impact on people’s... more
Background: Breaking bad news to patients is an unpleasant process, but it is essential for the medical team, which is giving information about a person’s illness; without proper planning, it leads to a negative impact on people’s feelings and quality of life. Cultural differences can be effective in telling bad news. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the attitudes of physicians, patients, and patients’ families towards breaking bad medical news. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among physicians, patients, and their families referred to Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, during 2016 - 2017. Their attitudes regarding how to tell bad news were evaluated by self-administrated questionnaires. Results: A total of 397 valid questionnaires completed by physicians, patients, and their families were analyzed in this study. All groups of participants preferred telling bad news to patients about the diagnosis of their disease; they also believed that in the case of a patien...
Background: In modern-day medicine, there is plenty of evidence-based communication studies implying that good physician-patient communication provides better diagnosis and treatment, as well as patient satisfaction and compliance with... more
Background: In modern-day medicine, there is plenty of evidence-based communication studies implying that good physician-patient communication provides better diagnosis and treatment, as well as patient satisfaction and compliance with the therapeutic plan. Medical educators who promote better communication to strengthen the physician-patient relationship believe that shared decision-making is the most favorable model after the era of paternalistic and consumeristic models as the dominant types of interpersonal communication between doctors and their patients. On the other hand, different media, especially medical dramas, if properly targeted, can be used as an educational tool for health workers and a cultural factor for the whole society to ameliorate the current difficulties in the physician-patient relationship. Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to determine how the Iranian national TV medical drama represents the physician-patient relationship. Methods: We used a qualitat...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The application of organizational ethics in hospitals is one of the novel ways to improve medical ethics. Nowadays achieving efficient and sufficient ethical hospital indicators seems to be inevitable. In this connection, the present... more
The application of organizational ethics in hospitals is one of the novel ways to improve medical ethics. Nowadays achieving efficient and sufficient ethical hospital indicators seems to be inevitable. In this connection, the present study aims to determine the best indicators in hospital accreditation. 69 indicators in 11 fields to evaluate hospital ethics were achieved through a five-step qualitative and quantitative study including literature review, expert focus group, Likert scale survey, 3 rounded Delphi, and content validity measurement. Expert focus group meeting was conducted, employing Nominal Group Technique (NGT). After running NGT, a three rounded Delphi and parallel to Delphi and a Likert scale survey were performed to obtain objective indicators for each domain. The experts were all healthcare professionals who were also medical ethics researchers, teachers, or PhD students. Content validity measurements were computed, using the viewpoints of two different expert grou...
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ref ودت ي ن رازبا ي تهج شخبرابتعا ي گنهرف ي ب ي ناتسرام اه ( حرط فاش ي ) و زرا ي با ي ب ي ناتسرام اه ي هاگشناد مولع کشزپ ي ش ي زار