En este trabajo se pone a punto un metodo de cromatografia liquida de ultra-alta resolucion para el analisis de aflatoxinas en semillas de anacardo. El tiempo de analisis cromatografico para la deteccion de las 4 micotoxinas es de solo... more
En este trabajo se pone a punto un metodo de cromatografia liquida de ultra-alta resolucion para el analisis de aflatoxinas en semillas de anacardo. El tiempo de analisis cromatografico para la deteccion de las 4 micotoxinas es de solo 3,2 minutos. Para la extraccion de las aflatoxinas se utiliza una mezcla de metanol/agua 70:30. Para la separacion de los analitos se utiliza una columna cromatografica Acquity UPLC ™ BEH C18 (2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 μm) y la deteccion se realiza con detector UV (350 nm). El metodo se aplico a dos muestras de semilla de anacardo de distinto origen (India y El Salvador), previamente inoculadas con Aspergillus parasiticus CECT 2681, cepa capaz de producir aflatoxinas en arroz. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que las semillas de anacardo permiten la produccion de estas toxinas por parte de una cepa productora si las condiciones ambientales son adecuadas.
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The chitinase activity of Aspergillus terreus, Acremonium terricola, Fusarium oxysporum, Gliocladium catenulatum, Penicillium variabile, Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor circinelloides, all frequently isolated from soil was studied. Commercial... more
The chitinase activity of Aspergillus terreus, Acremonium terricola, Fusarium oxysporum, Gliocladium catenulatum, Penicillium variabile, Rhizopus oryzae and Mucor circinelloides, all frequently isolated from soil was studied. Commercial chitin was used as the carbon source. P variabile was the species with the best growth and the unique species that used commercial chitin as the source of carbon, degrading the linear polymer β-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This chitinasic activity increased with growth. The other species tested did not manifest chitinase activity and growth was weak with chitin as the source of carbon.
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A biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobe for singlet oxygen ((1) O2 ) detection in biological systems was designed, synthesized, and characterized, that circumvents many of the limitations of the molecular probe Singlet Oxygen Sensor... more
A biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobe for singlet oxygen ((1) O2 ) detection in biological systems was designed, synthesized, and characterized, that circumvents many of the limitations of the molecular probe Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green(®) (SOSG). This widely used commercial singlet oxygen probe was covalently linked to a polyacrylamide nanoparticle core using different architectures to optimize the response to (1) O2 . In contrast to its molecular counterpart, the optimum SOSG-based nanoprobe, which we call NanoSOSG, is readily internalized by E. coli cells and does not interact with bovine serum albumin. Furthermore, the spectral characteristics do not change inside cells, and the probe responds to intracellularly generated (1) O2 with an increase in fluorescence.
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The major limitation of any cancer therapy lies in the difficulty of precisely controlling the localization of the drug in the tumor cells. To improve this drawback, our study explores the use of actively-targeted chemo-photo-nanocarriers... more
The major limitation of any cancer therapy lies in the difficulty of precisely controlling the localization of the drug in the tumor cells. To improve this drawback, our study explores the use of actively-targeted chemo-photo-nanocarriers that recognize and bind to epidermal growth factor receptor-overexpressing cells and promote the local on-demand release of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin triggered by light. Our results show that the attachment of high concentrations of doxorubicin to cetuximab-IRDye700DX-mesoporous silica nanoparticles yields efficient and selective photokilling of EGFR-expressing cells mainly through singlet oxygen-induced release of the doxorubicin from the nanocarrier and without any dark toxicity. Therefore, this novel triply functionalized nanosystem is an effective and safe nanodevice for light-triggered on-demand doxorubicin release.
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The presence of moulds in the altered parts of cork was studied. Conidia and mycelia were observed in the cork cells, and were very similar to those found in species of Penicillium
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Se exponen resumidamente los principales virus transmitidos por alimentos que inciden en la salud humana, indicando sus principales caracteristicas, la infeccion desencadenada y los alimentos fundamentalmente implicados. Se aportan los... more
Se exponen resumidamente los principales virus transmitidos por alimentos que inciden en la salud humana, indicando sus principales caracteristicas, la infeccion desencadenada y los alimentos fundamentalmente implicados. Se aportan los principales metodos de deteccion asi como los metodos de control
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The resistance of the cell walls of fungi to the action of ultrasound (20 kHz) was studied. The rupture of fungal cells by ultrasound followed a linear model. The Arthrinium francii conidia were more resistant to ultrasound than the... more
The resistance of the cell walls of fungi to the action of ultrasound (20 kHz) was studied. The rupture of fungal cells by ultrasound followed a linear model. The Arthrinium francii conidia were more resistant to ultrasound than the conidia of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium frequentans, but they were more fragile than the Rhizopus arrhizus conidia. The effects of ultrasound on yeasts and on moulds are similar.
Las aflatoxinas y ocratoxina A son las micotoxinas mas estudiadas debido a su elevada toxicidad y amplia distribucion. En este trabajo se describe un metodo de analisis simultaneo de las aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1, G2 y la ocratoxina A en... more
Las aflatoxinas y ocratoxina A son las micotoxinas mas estudiadas debido a su elevada toxicidad y amplia distribucion. En este trabajo se describe un metodo de analisis simultaneo de las aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1, G2 y la ocratoxina A en compost por HPLC-MS. El metodo consiste en una extraccion de las toxinas con MeOH:H 2O, posterior purificacion de la muestra con cartuchos de extraccion en fase solida y posterior analisis cromatografico en 18 minutos utilizando una columna XTerra (2.1x100mm, 3.5mm). En este trabajo se demuestra que no hay presencia de las toxinas de interes a concentraciones superiores a 0,2mg/kg.
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Las aflatoxinas y ocratoxina A son las micotoxinas mas estudiadas debido a su elevada toxicidad y amplia distribucion. En este trabajo se describe un metodo de analisis simultaneo de las aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1, G2 y la ocratoxina A en... more
Las aflatoxinas y ocratoxina A son las micotoxinas mas estudiadas debido a su elevada toxicidad y amplia distribucion. En este trabajo se describe un metodo de analisis simultaneo de las aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1, G2 y la ocratoxina A en compost por HPLC-MS. El metodo consiste en una extraccion de las toxinas con MeOH:H 2O, posterior purificacion de la muestra con cartuchos de extraccion en fase solida y posterior analisis cromatografico en 18 minutos utilizando una columna XTerra (2.1x100mm, 3.5mm). En este trabajo se demuestra que no hay presencia de las toxinas de interes a concentraciones superiores a 0,2mg/kg.
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Combined therapies are usually used to treat acne vulgaris since this approach can tackle various foci simultaneously. Using a combination of spectroscopic, computational, and microbiological techniques and methods, herein we report on... more
Combined therapies are usually used to treat acne vulgaris since this approach can tackle various foci simultaneously. Using a combination of spectroscopic, computational, and microbiological techniques and methods, herein we report on the use of β-lactoglobulin as a double payload carrier of hypericin (an antimicrobial photodynamic agent) and all-trans retinoic acid (an anti-inflammatory drug) for S. aureus in vitro photodynamic inactivation. The addition of all-trans retinoic acid to hypericin-β-lactoglobulin complex renders a photochemically safe vehicle due to the photophysical quenching of hypericin, which recovers its photodynamic activity when in contact with bacteria. The ability of hypericin to photoinactivate S. aureus was not affected by retinoic acid. β-Lactoglobulin is a novel biocompatible and photochemically safe nanovehicle with strong potential for the treatment of acne
Research Interests: Medicine and Antibiotics
Thin layer chromatography and direct bioautography have been used in the analysis of antibiotics produced by species of Arthrinium
El present article se centra en l'estudi de toxines produides per fongs dels generes Aspergillus i Penicillium, mes concretament en les aflatoxines B1, G1, B2, G2 i ocratoxina A. Es dona una visio general del tema quant a origen,... more
El present article se centra en l'estudi de toxines produides per fongs dels generes Aspergillus i Penicillium, mes concretament en les aflatoxines B1, G1, B2, G2 i ocratoxina A. Es dona una visio general del tema quant a origen, legislacio, toxicitat i control de micotoxines. A mes, es presenten tres metodes per a l'analisi d'aquestes toxines en productes vegetals, ja que son els substrats en els quals es presenten mes habitualment. Primerament, es desenvolupa un metode d'analisi per a la determinacio d'aflatoxines B1, G1, B2 i G2 en una planta medicinal. Posteriorment, s'optimitza l'analisi d'ocratoxina A en cafe i finalment es presenta un metode per a la determinacio simultania d'aflatoxines B1, G1, B2, G2 i ocratoxina A en cervesa. En tots els metodes s'empra extraccio en fase solida de reblert polimeric i cromatografia liquida de fase inversa. La deteccio es realitza per espectrometria de masses de quadrupol simple amb ionitzacio a pressi...
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The antibiotic activity of extracts obtained from strains of the genus Arthrinium on bacteria and yeasts was investigated and the results are discussed.
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Analysis of the chemical composition of hyphae, conidia and chlamydospores of Arthrinium aureum enabled all sample constituents of > 23 kD molecular weight to be detected. Sulphur, chlorine, potassium and calcium were present in the... more
Analysis of the chemical composition of hyphae, conidia and chlamydospores of Arthrinium aureum enabled all sample constituents of > 23 kD molecular weight to be detected. Sulphur, chlorine, potassium and calcium were present in the hyphae and condia of A. aureum, and sulphur, potassium and calcium in the chlamydospores.
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The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the antifungal capacity of strains of the Arthrinium genus on species of Penicillium and Aspergillus.
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Modifications in the antibiotic capacity of Arthrinium strains when they were developed in culture media of various compositions were studied. The culture media used were 2% malt extract agar, Czapek-Dox agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar,... more
Modifications in the antibiotic capacity of Arthrinium strains when they were developed in culture media of various compositions were studied. The culture media used were 2% malt extract agar, Czapek-Dox agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, oatmeal agar, Yoshimura's medium, mixed medium of salts, modified phytone agar, malt extract-yeast extract agar, potato dextrose agar, and Wickerham's medium. The inhibition values were compared with those obtained when the strains were developed in Wickerham's medium. The media which enhanced the production of inhibitory substances were potato dextrose agar and 2% malt extract agar.
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An ultrasound technique which permitted the fractionation of the mycelial wall in strains of Arthrinium and facilitated the subsequent extraction of its DNA, was developed.
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In previous work the authors have shown that some species of the Arthrinium genus are characterized by being able to produce secondary metabolites with antibiotic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of raw extracts... more
In previous work the authors have shown that some species of the Arthrinium genus are characterized by being able to produce secondary metabolites with antibiotic activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of raw extracts of the growth of three different Arthrinium strains against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Fusarium moniliforme and Penicillium purpurogenum when they were present in poultry feed. The results showed that the extracts reduced the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme but could not inhibit the development of Aspergillus nidulans. Only the raw extract of A. aureum inhibited the growth of Penicillium purpurogenum.
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Bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts were subjected to the action of Lavandula officinalis, Melissa officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis essences in a steam phase, using a microatmospheric technique. Due to the methodology employed,... more
Bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts were subjected to the action of Lavandula officinalis, Melissa officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis essences in a steam phase, using a microatmospheric technique. Due to the methodology employed, L. officinalis essence was more active in filamentous fungi than the other essential oils studied. All three essences possessed a similar degree of activity against the micro-organisms tested, though a relatively higher activity was seen in the case of M. officinalis.
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The etiology of infections of the outer ear was studied in the area of Terrassa (Barcelona) over a six-year period (1987-1992). A total of 1419 samples of ear discharge were processed. Traditional culture media were used to isolate the... more
The etiology of infections of the outer ear was studied in the area of Terrassa (Barcelona) over a six-year period (1987-1992). A total of 1419 samples of ear discharge were processed. Traditional culture media were used to isolate the microorganisms as well as a modified culture medium prepared by us (APA). Usual methods were used to identify the microorganisms. The results show Pseudomonas aeruginosa to be the most frequently isolated microorganism. 76.5% of the otitis studied were unimicrobial and the presence of moulds or yeast was noted in 6.9% of samples. Otomycosis (5.9%) is one of the major pathological processes of the outer ear, and Aspergillus niger is the prime causal agent.
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Electron microscopic observations of nuclei and mitochondria in strains of Arthrinium are presented and discussed.
ABSTRACT In view of the recurrent canine dermatological diseases due to papillomavirus the efficacy of autovaccines was investigated. Autovaccines were prepared for the treatment of nine dogs (5 males and 4 females), aged between 3 and 7... more
ABSTRACT In view of the recurrent canine dermatological diseases due to papillomavirus the efficacy of autovaccines was investigated. Autovaccines were prepared for the treatment of nine dogs (5 males and 4 females), aged between 3 and 7 years, of different breeds. The results obtained are analysed and discussed.
The introduction of a small amount of the organic cosolvent dimethyl sulfoxide leads to a remarkable improvement of the photophysical properties of the complex between hypericin and lactoglobulin.
Different silica-protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) nanocomposites have been synthesized to evaluate the dependence of singlet oxygen production and bacterial inactivation efficiency on the morphology of the nanomaterials.