IJALEL Future, Current & Past Issues
Personality and Marital Relationships: Developing a Satisfactory Relationship with an Imperfect Partner
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Censorship is a double-edged sword that has bred legal, political, and moral wrangling across the... more Censorship is a double-edged sword that has bred legal, political, and moral wrangling across the globe. The basic controversy, which harkens back to ancient times, stems from the motivation and intention of the censoring authority. The censoring authority controls literary and informational contents, based on the promulgated political, moral, religious, and cultural values of the land. Historically, the politicians, judiciary, clergymen, powerful groups, and the public at large were involved in guarding public morals and rooting out obscenity. The obscenity laws outlawed the selling, purchasing, printing, importing, and mailing of obscene items. However, in today's day and age, the Internet has made it difficult to control the circulation of what was once considered obscene. Censorship has evolved to monitor and control online content to keep abreast with the changing times; nevertheless, it does not always effectively control the questionable content. Moreover, in the past, cultural values and demography played a vital role in deciding what needed to be censored. Internet, as an electronic global village, has redefined demography; therefore, the global as well as indigenous standards upon which literature were once analyzed for censorship is now blurred. The promise of free speech has given power to the people that live in mature democracies. However, there should be a self-imposed code of conduct so that the right of free speech does not infringe on others' right of existence. This paper reviews censorship, tracing its historical path and evolution over the years, its changing standards, and its pros and cons. Lastly, the paper discusses the need to conjoin freedom of speech with the responsibility to protect the diverse cultures, religions, races, sects, genders, and especially the young generation.
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Media censorship is a global phenomenon that has foreshadowed information outlets for centuries. ... more Media censorship is a global phenomenon that has foreshadowed information outlets for centuries. A common ground for censorship is maintenance of an orderly state, whereas, the underlying motive is to keep public ignorant of the information that can potentially threaten authorities. The worldwide Internet connectivity in the contemporary era allows information to pass through within and beyond borders in minimal time; therefore, increasing number of media consumers depend on the Internet for a wide variety of information. Historically, the access to news has not been this easy; the press in most of Europe in the 18th century was under the draconian reins of censorship, which gradually abated by the 19th century due to public demand. However, autocratic and heavily centralized governments still openly or subtly employ censorship as a tool to silence government opposition. To combat information coup, tech savvy journalists and independent reporters channel information through social media, blogs, and news websites. The governments survive by using stringent Internet surveillance apparatus that effectively block websites and subtly filter information; hence only selective news is allowed to penetrate the firewall. The governments also hunt down citizens and journalists accessing disallowed websites to create a ubiquitous atmosphere of fear, harassment, and persecution. The role of media in a society is not limited to bringing information to public; therefore, it is crucial that media does not capitalize on selling meaningless sensation that can potentially harm people, sects, races, and religions. This paper will focus on information coup through media censorship and the responsibility media is laden with to cultivate tolerance and responsibility in the public at large.
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The Social Science Journal
Contemporary communication technology has permeated into the social fabric and has transformed th... more Contemporary communication technology has permeated into the social fabric and has transformed the ways people interact, consume, and exchange information. Currently, virtual socialization is prevalent through social networking sites (SNS). SNS use can also threaten romantic relationships by facilitating in delity, jealousy, and con ict. Partners may resort to engaging in online surveillance to guard their mate. We surveyed N = 277 adults (68.9% women; M age = 35.19, SD = 10.65) who are living together in a marital or committed relationship with a partner. In a logistic regression analysis we examined whether relationship commitment, relationship satisfaction, perceived quality of alternatives, social media in delity-related behaviors (SMIRB), or neuroticism predicted favorable or unfavorable attitudes towards password sharing. After controlling for gender, we found that only SMIRB was negatively associated with attitudes toward password sharing. Those who reported engaging in greater SMIRB behaviors were least likely to endorse password sharing. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Attitudes towards password sharing in cohabiting partners, 2023
Contemporary communication technology has permeated into the social fabric and has transformed th... more Contemporary communication technology has permeated into the social fabric and has transformed the ways people interact, consume, and exchange information. Currently, virtual socialization is prevalent through social networking sites (SNS). SNS use can also threaten romantic relationships by facilitating in delity, jealousy, and con ict. Partners may resort to engaging in online surveillance to guard their mate. We surveyed N = 277 adults (68.9% women; M age = 35.19, SD = 10.65) who are living together in a marital or committed relationship with a partner. In a logistic regression analysis we examined whether relationship commitment, relationship satisfaction, perceived quality of alternatives, social media in delity-related behaviors (SMIRB), or neuroticism predicted favorable or unfavorable attitudes towards password sharing. After controlling for gender, we found that only SMIRB was negatively associated with attitudes toward password sharing. Those who reported engaging in greater SMIRB behaviors were least likely to endorse password sharing. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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The American Journal of Family Therapy, 2018
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The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 2016
The influence of neuroticism on stress perception and its associated negative affect is explored ... more The influence of neuroticism on stress perception and its associated negative affect is explored in a quasi-experimental repeated measure study. The study involves manipulating the stress perception and affect of high N group (n = 24) and low N group (n = 28) three times; first, through exposure to neutral stimuli; second, through exposure to a laboratory stressor; third, through exposure to positive stimuli. The results reveal that after exposure to neutral stimuli, there is a significant difference in the baseline Perceived Stress Scores (PSS) (p = .005) and Negative Affect (NA) scores (p = .001) of the two groups. During the stress task, however, both groups show a non-significant difference in the PSS (p = .200) and NA scores (p = .367). After exposure to positive stimuli, there is a significant difference in the PSS scores (p = .001), but a non-significant difference in the NA scores (p = .661) of the two groups. When compared across three conditions, the high N group report si...
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There is contemporary literature reporting the role of the neuroticism (N) personality type and g... more There is contemporary literature reporting the role of the neuroticism (N) personality type and gender in the stress process. Men and women show a different pattern in their resilience to stress and predisposition to stress related diseases. Dysregulation of the stress-hormone is linked with development, onset, and progression of psychological and physical disorders in both men and women. The influence of gender on stress perception and its resultant negative affect was explored by analyzing the data collected for a bigger study. In the original study, the mood of pre-screened college students (N=34, Females = 22, Males = 12), who scored high and low on the neuroticism subscale, was initially neutralized to their respective base level by using neutral pictorial stimuli. Later, their mood and stress perception were manipulated using a laboratory psycho-social stressor. In the end, their mood and stress perception were manipulated again through exposure to positive pictorial stimuli. ...
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The American Journal of Family Therapy
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American Journal of Family Therapy, Dec 22, 2021
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The American Journal of Family Therapy, 2021
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Media censorship is a global phenomenon that has foreshadowed information outlets for centuries. ... more Media censorship is a global phenomenon that has foreshadowed information outlets for centuries. A common ground for censorship is maintenance of an orderly state, whereas, the underlying motive is to keep public ignorant of the information that can potentially threaten authorities. The worldwide Internet connectivity in the contemporary era allows information to pass through within and beyond borders in minimal time; therefore, increasing number of media consumers depend on the Internet for a wide variety of information. Historically, the access to news has not been this easy; the press in most of Europe in the 18 th century was under the draconian reins of censorship, which gradually abated by the 19 th century due to public demand. However, autocratic and heavily centralized governments still openly or subtly employ censorship as a tool to silence government opposition. To combat information coup, tech savvy journalists and independent reporters channel information through social...
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The Social Science Journal, 2021
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Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 2015
Media censorship is a global phenomenon that has foreshadowed information outlets for centuries. ... more Media censorship is a global phenomenon that has foreshadowed information outlets for centuries. A common ground for censorship is maintenance of an orderly state, whereas, the underlying motive is to keep public ignorant of the information that can potentially threaten authorities. The worldwide Internet connectivity in the contemporary era allows information to pass through within and beyond borders in minimal time; therefore, increasing number of media consumers depend on the Internet for a wide variety of information. Historically, the access to news has not been this easy; the press in most of Europe in the 18th century was under the draconian reins of censorship, which gradually abated by the 19th century due to public demand. However, autocratic and heavily centralized governments still openly or subtly employ censorship as a tool to silence government opposition. To combat information coup, tech savvy journalists and independent reporters channel information through social m...
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Studies in Literature and Language, 2016
Story writing craft evolved through the centuries before rising as a separate genre. Unity is an ... more Story writing craft evolved through the centuries before rising as a separate genre. Unity is an essential element of short story through which it exhibits singularity of effect, unity of impression, and the totality of interest. After the success of the short story, writers further shortened their narratives and eventually short fiction arose as a sub-category of short story. Short fiction further differentiated into a sub-category called the “sudden fiction” that referred to all shortened forms of short fiction. Having mastered artistic brevity, writers began writing even more condensed narratives, and the sudden fiction differentiated into two types: the new sudden fiction and the flash fiction. The new sudden fiction was akin to the traditional story comprising of up to 1500 words; whereas, the flash fiction was similar to the Hemingway’s classic The Very Short Story consisting of up to 750 words. However, the flash fiction later reconfigured to include all short-short stories c...
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The American Journal of Family Therapy, 2019
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The American Journal of Family Therapy, 2017
ABSTRACT Facebook has become a vital part of daily living and a popular way of initiating, establ... more ABSTRACT Facebook has become a vital part of daily living and a popular way of initiating, establishing, maintaining, and enhancing existing as well as new relationships, including illegitimate ones too. Facebook can promote relationship damaging behaviors such as flirting, sharing intimate details, establishing emotional intimacy, and engaging in sexual affairs. Emotional intimacy is a greater concern with Facebook than sexual intimacy. The maladaptive use of Facebook can lead to negative societal consequences such as social isolation, relationship distrust, lack of social cohesion, Facebook addiction, infidelity, and divorce. This article provides a theoretical synthesis of available evidence and highlights therapeutic strategies emerging from the research.
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Journal of sex & marital therapy, Jan 20, 2017
What causes some marriages to stand the test of time while others fail? Marital commitment is the... more What causes some marriages to stand the test of time while others fail? Marital commitment is the key force underlying the stability, quality, and longevity of the romantic relationship. Commitment is strengthened in the presence of marital satisfaction, the absence of alternative attractions, and steady investments made in the relationship. Commitment is also a consequence of increasing dependence such that when partners are emotionally engaged with their virtual connections, their dependence on their significant other weakens resulting in low commitment. Dependence on the partner increases when people feel satisfied in their relationship, think unfavorably about the quality of available alternatives and feel that they have made great investments in their relationship. Technological advancements and the ever-evolving communication mediums contribute to relationship troubles by providing access to alternatives that substantially reduce shared family time. The boastfully curated prof...
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Journal of sex & marital therapy, Jan 18, 2015
How can a couple 'fall in love' and then subsequently 'stumble out of love'? For ... more How can a couple 'fall in love' and then subsequently 'stumble out of love'? For centuries, this question has perplexed partners, researchers, and therapists alike. Unlike falling out of love, which may be a long-term meditated gradual decline in love, falling in love may occur without much deliberation like the famous 'love at first sight'. During a developing love relationship, couples are more susceptible to ignoring a myriad of factors that would eventually influence their relationship. These ignored personal and general factors become increasingly conspicuous after the relationship is established. When facing relationship difficulties, the presence or absence of mutual love and intimacy steer the couple's relationship towards continuity or termination. Emotional indifference (opposite of love) diminishes love and care; marital disaffection and romantic disengagement are used synonymously to represent emotional indifference in couples. Marital disaffe...
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