I am a Geoscientist working in the field of Precambrian crustal evolution and metallogeny and also in the field of environmental sciences especially in geogenic contamination of groundwater.
Data on geothermal gradients representative of regional crustal conditions have been aquired thro... more Data on geothermal gradients representative of regional crustal conditions have been aquired through temperature measurements in 183 boreholes and 2 deep mines. Combing with thermal conductivity data on rocks over relevant depth sections, heat flow could be evaluated at many localities in India covering Precambrian provinces, Gondwana basins, and the Tertiary Cambay basin. Certain general characteristics emerge. The Archaean Dharwar greenstone-granite-gneiss province (DP) and the adjoining Southern Granulite province (SGP) have heat flow ranging from 25 to 50 mWm -2 . This low heat flow level is found to hold over the Deccan Volcanic Province in the region south of the Son-Narmada-Tapti lineament zone, and in the southwestern fringes of the Cuddapah basin, both of which have the DP basement. The Proterozoic segments covered so far have revealed heat flow higher than 50 mW m -2 ; 59 to 63 along the Singbhum Thrust Zone, 51 to 62 in the Bastar craton, and 56 to 96 in the Aravalli province. The Gondwana basins have a generally high but variable heat flow, 46 to 107 mW m -2 . The Tertiary Cambay basin has high heat flow of 75 to 96 mW nv2 in the northern part, and a lower heat flow, 55-67 mW m -2 , in the southern part. Crustal thermal structure has been derived for the DP and the northern block (NB) of the SGP (i.e., north of the Palghat-Cauvery lineament) based on heat flow and models of crustal heat production envisaged using radiogenic heat production data of major crustal litho-units. Mantle heat flow estimates for the DP are in the range 11 to 19 mWm -2 , similar to other Precambrian provinces of the world studied so far. It is significantly higher, 25-30 mW m -2 , in the NB of the SGP, in conformity with crustal and sub-crustal velocity structure emerging from tomographic studies and an underlying LILE-enriched mantle inferred from geochemical and isotopic data. Temperature estimates at the Moho range from 285° to 410°C in the DP and 580° to 660°C in the NB of the SGP. Heat flow determined from a specially drilled borehole at the site of the M W 6.2 1993 Latur earthquake (Killari), is 43 mW m -2 . Estimated crustal temperatures imply a brittle crust up to a depth of ~30 km. The estimated centroid depth is low, 2.6 km. An event with magnitude M W >6 occurring within the upper part of a relatively 'cold'.
Abstract In situ radioelemental (K, U and Th) analysis and heat production estimates have been ma... more Abstract In situ radioelemental (K, U and Th) analysis and heat production estimates have been made at 59 sites in the Kerala Khondalite Block (KKB) of the Southern Granulite Province (SGP) of India. Together with the in situ analyses on granulites and gneisses previously ...
Thirty-five new heat flow values have been determined for the Indian shield. The new sites includ... more Thirty-five new heat flow values have been determined for the Indian shield. The new sites include 11 in Mid Archaean largely tonalitic Western Dharwar Craton (WDC), 9 in the Closepet Granite (CG) batholith, and 15 in the gneiss-granulite terrain of southern India. Together with the data set obtained earlier from the Late Archaean largely granodioritic Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and the granulite terrain to the south of it, the present data set contributes to a complete characterization of the thermal state of southern Indian crust. Results emerging from the study are as follows: (i) the WDC is characterized by low heat flow (range 29-32 mW m-2) relative to the EDC (range 25-51 mW m-2). (ii) The previous heat flow range for the gneiss- granulite terrain of south India, 28-45 mW m-2, stands revised in the light of new heat flow value of 58 mW m-2 determined in the Kerala Khondalite Belt. (iii) Measurements at two different crustal levels within a single pluton, the Closepet Granite, demonstrate that heat flow variations in a tectonic province can be explained by variations in radiogenic heat production of rocks constituting the upper crust. Heat production generally decreases with depth in plutons although not necessarily in a systematic way. (iv) The new data set reveals differences in crustal thermal structure between individual geologic sub-provinces comprising the southern Indian Precambrian terrain. Mantle heat flow estimates vary from ~11 mW m-2 beneath the region of the oldest, undeformed tonalitic crust of the WDC to ~23 mW m-2 beneath the region of the Late Archaean post-accretion granulites. The mantle heat flow range in the Closepet granite is 12-14 mW m-2, which is consistent with previous estimates from the EDC. In conclusion, the variations in heat flow within the greenstone-granite-gneiss terrains of the Dhawar craton are explained by variations in heat production of upper crustal rocks. However, the granulitic terrain of the Dharwar craton exhibits a higher component of mantle heat flow relative to the greenstone-granite-gneiss terrain, in addition to significant differences in heat production of upper crustal rocks. Contrary to previous hypotheses, the Precambrian terrain of southern India cannot be represented by a single model covering all the geological sub-provinces, but represents a mosaic of terrains with varying subcrustal thermal regimes.
We quantified mRNA expression of candidate genes for proliferation (KIF14 and E2F3) in a large re... more We quantified mRNA expression of candidate genes for proliferation (KIF14 and E2F3) in a large retinoblastoma tumor cohort and associated with disease phenotype. KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA expression was quantified by real time PCR in 57 retinoblastoma (RB) tumors, 3 RB cell lines, and control samples that included 4 each fetal, age-matched, adult retinas. Immunohistochemistry was done to confirm KIF14 and E2F3 protein expression in tumor cells. The mRNA expression levels were correlated with disease phenotypes including the significance of chemotherapy on tumors. There was statistically significant overexpression of KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA in tumors compared with control retinas (p<0.0001). Further, E2F3 also showed a significant overexpression compared to RB cell lines (p=0.01). Immunohistochemistry confirmed KIF14 and E2F3 protein overexpression in tumor cells. KIF14 had significant mRNA overexpression with older age (p=0.01) in presenting patients and in unilateral RB patients (p=0.04)....
... Closepet Granite batholith, south India Sukanta Roy Æ Labani Ray Æ Anurup Bhattacharya Æ R. S... more ... Closepet Granite batholith, south India Sukanta Roy Æ Labani Ray Æ Anurup Bhattacharya Æ R. Srinivasan ... Existing heat flow data, seismic transects and major lineaments are also shown. PCL PalghatCauvery lineament, AKL Achankovil lineament 246 ...
Abstract In situ radioelemental (K, U and Th) analysis and heat production estimates have been ma... more Abstract In situ radioelemental (K, U and Th) analysis and heat production estimates have been made at 59 sites in the Kerala Khondalite Block (KKB) of the Southern Granulite Province (SGP) of India. Together with the in situ analyses on granulites and gneisses previously ...
Hemophilic pseudotumor is an encapsulated, chronic, slowly expanding hematoma usually seen in 1-2... more Hemophilic pseudotumor is an encapsulated, chronic, slowly expanding hematoma usually seen in 1-2% patients with severe coagulative disorder (James et al., 2003). It usually occurs in soft tissues, muscles, tendons, and subperiosteal part of the bones. It slowly enlarges, develops a fibrous capsule, and destroys underlying tissues by progressive necrosis (James et al., 2003). Hemophilia is an X chromosome-linked hereditary disorder caused by defective synthesis or synthesis of dysfunctional factor VIII molecules (Harold et al., 2006).
Thirty-five new heat flow values have been determined for the Indian shield. The new sites includ... more Thirty-five new heat flow values have been determined for the Indian shield. The new sites include 11 in Mid Archaean largely tonalitic Western Dharwar Craton (WDC), 9 in the Closepet Granite (CG) batholith, and 15 in the gneiss-granulite terrain of southern India. Together with the data set obtained earlier from the Late Archaean largely granodioritic Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and the granulite terrain to the south of it, the present data set contributes to a complete characterization of the thermal state of southern Indian crust. Results emerging from the study are as follows: (i) the WDC is characterized by low heat flow (range 29-32 mW m-2) relative to the EDC (range 25-51 mW m-2). (ii) The previous heat flow range for the gneiss- granulite terrain of south India, 28-45 mW m-2, stands revised in the light of new heat flow value of 58 mW m-2 determined in the Kerala Khondalite Belt. (iii) Measurements at two different crustal levels within a single pluton, the Closepet Granite, demonstrate that heat flow variations in a tectonic province can be explained by variations in radiogenic heat production of rocks constituting the upper crust. Heat production generally decreases with depth in plutons although not necessarily in a systematic way. (iv) The new data set reveals differences in crustal thermal structure between individual geologic sub-provinces comprising the southern Indian Precambrian terrain. Mantle heat flow estimates vary from ~11 mW m-2 beneath the region of the oldest, undeformed tonalitic crust of the WDC to ~23 mW m-2 beneath the region of the Late Archaean post-accretion granulites. The mantle heat flow range in the Closepet granite is 12-14 mW m-2, which is consistent with previous estimates from the EDC. In conclusion, the variations in heat flow within the greenstone-granite-gneiss terrains of the Dhawar craton are explained by variations in heat production of upper crustal rocks. However, the granulitic terrain of the Dharwar craton exhibits a higher component of mantle heat flow relative to the greenstone-granite-gneiss terrain, in addition to significant differences in heat production of upper crustal rocks. Contrary to previous hypotheses, the Precambrian terrain of southern India cannot be represented by a single model covering all the geological sub-provinces, but represents a mosaic of terrains with varying subcrustal thermal regimes.
Traffic fatalities and injuries constitute a major global public health problem and the United St... more Traffic fatalities and injuries constitute a major global public health problem and the United States has fallen behind other developed countries in traffic safety. Yet, New York City stands out as a traffic safety model in the nation with its low fatality rate and its significant reductions in various types of crashes. This study develops a safety framework that considers three principal axes that affect crashes: why, who, and where. While &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;why&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; concerns exposure, conflict, and speed, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;who&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;where&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; consider the unique characteristics of the road users and the surrounding built environment. Grounded in this safety framework, the effectiveness of 13 safety countermeasures and street designs installed in New York City between 1990 and 2008 are evaluated using a two group pretest-posttest design. The potential regression-to-the-mean problem is addressed by applying the ANCOVA regression approach. The results show that signal related countermeasures that are designed to reduce conflicts: split phase timing, signal installations, all pedestrian phase, and increasing pedestrian crossing time, reduce crashes. Traffic calming measures, including road diets, are also found to have significant safety benefits. Countermeasures that are designed to alert drivers&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; cognitive attention, such as high visibility crosswalks and posted speed limit reduction signs, appear to have a lesser effect. The various safety countermeasures implemented in New York City considered all three important dimensions in the safety framework: why, who, and where. The study suggests these strategies are likely to contribute to the large reductions in crashes in New York City. We also demonstrate that a rigorous quasi-experimental design can be readily deployed in transportation safety evaluation studies.
Data on geothermal gradients representative of regional crustal conditions have been aquired thro... more Data on geothermal gradients representative of regional crustal conditions have been aquired through temperature measurements in 183 boreholes and 2 deep mines. Combing with thermal conductivity data on rocks over relevant depth sections, heat flow could be evaluated at many localities in India covering Precambrian provinces, Gondwana basins, and the Tertiary Cambay basin. Certain general characteristics emerge. The Archaean Dharwar greenstone-granite-gneiss province (DP) and the adjoining Southern Granulite province (SGP) have heat flow ranging from 25 to 50 mWm -2 . This low heat flow level is found to hold over the Deccan Volcanic Province in the region south of the Son-Narmada-Tapti lineament zone, and in the southwestern fringes of the Cuddapah basin, both of which have the DP basement. The Proterozoic segments covered so far have revealed heat flow higher than 50 mW m -2 ; 59 to 63 along the Singbhum Thrust Zone, 51 to 62 in the Bastar craton, and 56 to 96 in the Aravalli province. The Gondwana basins have a generally high but variable heat flow, 46 to 107 mW m -2 . The Tertiary Cambay basin has high heat flow of 75 to 96 mW nv2 in the northern part, and a lower heat flow, 55-67 mW m -2 , in the southern part. Crustal thermal structure has been derived for the DP and the northern block (NB) of the SGP (i.e., north of the Palghat-Cauvery lineament) based on heat flow and models of crustal heat production envisaged using radiogenic heat production data of major crustal litho-units. Mantle heat flow estimates for the DP are in the range 11 to 19 mWm -2 , similar to other Precambrian provinces of the world studied so far. It is significantly higher, 25-30 mW m -2 , in the NB of the SGP, in conformity with crustal and sub-crustal velocity structure emerging from tomographic studies and an underlying LILE-enriched mantle inferred from geochemical and isotopic data. Temperature estimates at the Moho range from 285° to 410°C in the DP and 580° to 660°C in the NB of the SGP. Heat flow determined from a specially drilled borehole at the site of the M W 6.2 1993 Latur earthquake (Killari), is 43 mW m -2 . Estimated crustal temperatures imply a brittle crust up to a depth of ~30 km. The estimated centroid depth is low, 2.6 km. An event with magnitude M W >6 occurring within the upper part of a relatively 'cold'.
Abstract In situ radioelemental (K, U and Th) analysis and heat production estimates have been ma... more Abstract In situ radioelemental (K, U and Th) analysis and heat production estimates have been made at 59 sites in the Kerala Khondalite Block (KKB) of the Southern Granulite Province (SGP) of India. Together with the in situ analyses on granulites and gneisses previously ...
Thirty-five new heat flow values have been determined for the Indian shield. The new sites includ... more Thirty-five new heat flow values have been determined for the Indian shield. The new sites include 11 in Mid Archaean largely tonalitic Western Dharwar Craton (WDC), 9 in the Closepet Granite (CG) batholith, and 15 in the gneiss-granulite terrain of southern India. Together with the data set obtained earlier from the Late Archaean largely granodioritic Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and the granulite terrain to the south of it, the present data set contributes to a complete characterization of the thermal state of southern Indian crust. Results emerging from the study are as follows: (i) the WDC is characterized by low heat flow (range 29-32 mW m-2) relative to the EDC (range 25-51 mW m-2). (ii) The previous heat flow range for the gneiss- granulite terrain of south India, 28-45 mW m-2, stands revised in the light of new heat flow value of 58 mW m-2 determined in the Kerala Khondalite Belt. (iii) Measurements at two different crustal levels within a single pluton, the Closepet Granite, demonstrate that heat flow variations in a tectonic province can be explained by variations in radiogenic heat production of rocks constituting the upper crust. Heat production generally decreases with depth in plutons although not necessarily in a systematic way. (iv) The new data set reveals differences in crustal thermal structure between individual geologic sub-provinces comprising the southern Indian Precambrian terrain. Mantle heat flow estimates vary from ~11 mW m-2 beneath the region of the oldest, undeformed tonalitic crust of the WDC to ~23 mW m-2 beneath the region of the Late Archaean post-accretion granulites. The mantle heat flow range in the Closepet granite is 12-14 mW m-2, which is consistent with previous estimates from the EDC. In conclusion, the variations in heat flow within the greenstone-granite-gneiss terrains of the Dhawar craton are explained by variations in heat production of upper crustal rocks. However, the granulitic terrain of the Dharwar craton exhibits a higher component of mantle heat flow relative to the greenstone-granite-gneiss terrain, in addition to significant differences in heat production of upper crustal rocks. Contrary to previous hypotheses, the Precambrian terrain of southern India cannot be represented by a single model covering all the geological sub-provinces, but represents a mosaic of terrains with varying subcrustal thermal regimes.
We quantified mRNA expression of candidate genes for proliferation (KIF14 and E2F3) in a large re... more We quantified mRNA expression of candidate genes for proliferation (KIF14 and E2F3) in a large retinoblastoma tumor cohort and associated with disease phenotype. KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA expression was quantified by real time PCR in 57 retinoblastoma (RB) tumors, 3 RB cell lines, and control samples that included 4 each fetal, age-matched, adult retinas. Immunohistochemistry was done to confirm KIF14 and E2F3 protein expression in tumor cells. The mRNA expression levels were correlated with disease phenotypes including the significance of chemotherapy on tumors. There was statistically significant overexpression of KIF14 and E2F3 mRNA in tumors compared with control retinas (p<0.0001). Further, E2F3 also showed a significant overexpression compared to RB cell lines (p=0.01). Immunohistochemistry confirmed KIF14 and E2F3 protein overexpression in tumor cells. KIF14 had significant mRNA overexpression with older age (p=0.01) in presenting patients and in unilateral RB patients (p=0.04)....
... Closepet Granite batholith, south India Sukanta Roy Æ Labani Ray Æ Anurup Bhattacharya Æ R. S... more ... Closepet Granite batholith, south India Sukanta Roy Æ Labani Ray Æ Anurup Bhattacharya Æ R. Srinivasan ... Existing heat flow data, seismic transects and major lineaments are also shown. PCL PalghatCauvery lineament, AKL Achankovil lineament 246 ...
Abstract In situ radioelemental (K, U and Th) analysis and heat production estimates have been ma... more Abstract In situ radioelemental (K, U and Th) analysis and heat production estimates have been made at 59 sites in the Kerala Khondalite Block (KKB) of the Southern Granulite Province (SGP) of India. Together with the in situ analyses on granulites and gneisses previously ...
Hemophilic pseudotumor is an encapsulated, chronic, slowly expanding hematoma usually seen in 1-2... more Hemophilic pseudotumor is an encapsulated, chronic, slowly expanding hematoma usually seen in 1-2% patients with severe coagulative disorder (James et al., 2003). It usually occurs in soft tissues, muscles, tendons, and subperiosteal part of the bones. It slowly enlarges, develops a fibrous capsule, and destroys underlying tissues by progressive necrosis (James et al., 2003). Hemophilia is an X chromosome-linked hereditary disorder caused by defective synthesis or synthesis of dysfunctional factor VIII molecules (Harold et al., 2006).
Thirty-five new heat flow values have been determined for the Indian shield. The new sites includ... more Thirty-five new heat flow values have been determined for the Indian shield. The new sites include 11 in Mid Archaean largely tonalitic Western Dharwar Craton (WDC), 9 in the Closepet Granite (CG) batholith, and 15 in the gneiss-granulite terrain of southern India. Together with the data set obtained earlier from the Late Archaean largely granodioritic Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and the granulite terrain to the south of it, the present data set contributes to a complete characterization of the thermal state of southern Indian crust. Results emerging from the study are as follows: (i) the WDC is characterized by low heat flow (range 29-32 mW m-2) relative to the EDC (range 25-51 mW m-2). (ii) The previous heat flow range for the gneiss- granulite terrain of south India, 28-45 mW m-2, stands revised in the light of new heat flow value of 58 mW m-2 determined in the Kerala Khondalite Belt. (iii) Measurements at two different crustal levels within a single pluton, the Closepet Granite, demonstrate that heat flow variations in a tectonic province can be explained by variations in radiogenic heat production of rocks constituting the upper crust. Heat production generally decreases with depth in plutons although not necessarily in a systematic way. (iv) The new data set reveals differences in crustal thermal structure between individual geologic sub-provinces comprising the southern Indian Precambrian terrain. Mantle heat flow estimates vary from ~11 mW m-2 beneath the region of the oldest, undeformed tonalitic crust of the WDC to ~23 mW m-2 beneath the region of the Late Archaean post-accretion granulites. The mantle heat flow range in the Closepet granite is 12-14 mW m-2, which is consistent with previous estimates from the EDC. In conclusion, the variations in heat flow within the greenstone-granite-gneiss terrains of the Dhawar craton are explained by variations in heat production of upper crustal rocks. However, the granulitic terrain of the Dharwar craton exhibits a higher component of mantle heat flow relative to the greenstone-granite-gneiss terrain, in addition to significant differences in heat production of upper crustal rocks. Contrary to previous hypotheses, the Precambrian terrain of southern India cannot be represented by a single model covering all the geological sub-provinces, but represents a mosaic of terrains with varying subcrustal thermal regimes.
Traffic fatalities and injuries constitute a major global public health problem and the United St... more Traffic fatalities and injuries constitute a major global public health problem and the United States has fallen behind other developed countries in traffic safety. Yet, New York City stands out as a traffic safety model in the nation with its low fatality rate and its significant reductions in various types of crashes. This study develops a safety framework that considers three principal axes that affect crashes: why, who, and where. While &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;why&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; concerns exposure, conflict, and speed, &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;who&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; and &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;where&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; consider the unique characteristics of the road users and the surrounding built environment. Grounded in this safety framework, the effectiveness of 13 safety countermeasures and street designs installed in New York City between 1990 and 2008 are evaluated using a two group pretest-posttest design. The potential regression-to-the-mean problem is addressed by applying the ANCOVA regression approach. The results show that signal related countermeasures that are designed to reduce conflicts: split phase timing, signal installations, all pedestrian phase, and increasing pedestrian crossing time, reduce crashes. Traffic calming measures, including road diets, are also found to have significant safety benefits. Countermeasures that are designed to alert drivers&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; cognitive attention, such as high visibility crosswalks and posted speed limit reduction signs, appear to have a lesser effect. The various safety countermeasures implemented in New York City considered all three important dimensions in the safety framework: why, who, and where. The study suggests these strategies are likely to contribute to the large reductions in crashes in New York City. We also demonstrate that a rigorous quasi-experimental design can be readily deployed in transportation safety evaluation studies.
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