Rote Zora (ìgwè)
Rote Zora (Bekee: Red Zora) bụ ọgbakọ ndị agha obodo mepere emepe nke West German na-arụ ọrụ site na 1974 ruo 1995.[1] Otu ahụ mere ọtụtụ ogbunigwe na mgba ọkụ megide ndị iro echiche, gụnyere ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na òtù dị iche iche chere na ha na-etinye aka na mmekọahụ, nrigbu ụmụ nwanyị, injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na-amanye ọha ndị nna ochie, ikike nuklia, na mgbochi ime ime.[2] Rote Zora megidere akụkụ 218 nke Iwu ntaramahụhụ German na-amachi ite ime, nke ha kpọrọ ya "Paragraf Iyi ọha egwu".[3] Nzukọ a agbasaghị n'ihu ọha, mana ọ naghị arụ ọrụ kpamkpam site na 1996.
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mkpụrụ ndụ Mgbanwe
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Rote Zora malitere na 1977 dị ka ogwe aka nwanyị kwụụrụ onwe nke Revolutionary Cells, otu nnukwu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu hapụrụ na West Germany, bụ nke hụrụ onwe ya dị ka onye na-emegide ndị otu Red Army a ma ama. Òtù ahụ wepụrụ aha ya n'aka onye na-akwado akwụkwọ 1941 Die Rote Zora und ihre Bande ( aha bekee: The Outsiders of Uskoken Castle) nke Kurt Held dere, nke na-akọ akụkọ banyere otu nwa agbọghọ nwere ntutu na-acha uhie uhie aha ya bụ Rote Zora (ire ere pụtara uhie na German) onye na-edu otu òtù ụmụ mgbei na-emezi ikpe na-ezighị ezi
Nzukọ ahụ adịworị site na 1974 dị ka "Women of the Revolutionary Cells" wee malite mwakpo ya na 1975, site na ịtụ bọmbụ n'ụlọ nke Federal Constitutional Court na Karlsruhe, na 1977 site na ịtụ bbomu n'èzí ọfịs nke German Medical Association, nke abụọ bụ iji mee mkpesa megide nkwado maka iwu mgbochi ite ime. [1][5] N'afọ 1978, Rote Zora gbara ụlọ ahịa mmekọahụ na Cologne ọkụ. N'afọ 1980, ha gbara ụgbọala onye ọka iwu na Bergisch Gladbach, nso Cologne, ọkụ iji mee mkpesa megide gentrification. N'afọ 1981, ha kesara tiketi Njem ọha na eze adịgboroja na mpaghara Ruhr tinyere Revolutionary Cells. N'afọ 1983, Rote Zora mere mwakpo bọmbụ anọ megide ụlọ ọrụ na-anakọta ndị mba ọzọ, mwakpo bọmụ na ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Philippines na Bonn, mwakpo炸ị megide Siemens na Braunschweig na Witten, mwakpo na Kọmputa Nixdorf na Hanover, na ụlọ ọrụ data nke Association of Clubs Creditreform na Neuss. N'afọ 1984, ha gbara ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị na Gütersloh ọkụ bụ ndị a na-ebo ebubo na ha na-eji ọrụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ eme ihe maka uru onwe ha. N'afọ 1985, e mere mwakpo na Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research na Cologne, ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Mahadum Heidelberg, na Institute of Genetics nke Mahadim Cologne.
Nkewa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 1986, Rote Zora kewara na Revolutionary Cells, ebe ọ bụ na usoro ime ihe ike nke ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe ike nke kpatara ọnwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na a ka nwere nnukwu mkpakọ na ndị otu, Rote Zora malitere mkpọsa dị iche nke e bu n'obi na ọ gaghị emerụ ahụ.[2] Mwakpo mbụ ha dị ka otu nzukọ kwụụrụ onwe ya bụ mwakpo ọkụ megide Institute of Human Genetics na Mahadum Münster, ebe e zuuru akwụkwọ ndị dị nro n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ ma bipụta ya. N'otu afọ ahụ, ha mere mwakpo bọmbụ na Society for Biotechnological Research na Braunschweig. N'afọ 1987, Rote Zora gbara ụlọ ọrụ uwe Alder ọkụ iri, gụnyere isi ụlọ ọrụ ha na Haibach, na alaka Halstenbek, Bremen, Oldenburg, Isernhagen, Kassel, Holzwickede, Neuss, Frankfurt na Aachen. N'afọ 1988, ha mere mwakpo bọmbụ na Biological Institute of Technische Universität Berlin. N'afọ 1994, ha gbara ụlọ ọrụ na-enye nri maka ebe obibi ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na Nuremberg na Gera ọkụ.
Rote Zora mere mwakpo ikpeazụ a maara ya na July 1995, mgbe ọ tụrụ bọmbụ n'Ebe a na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Lürssen GmbH na mpaghara Vegesack nke Bremen, iji kwado Ndị Kurd na esemokwu Kurdish-Turkish. Lürssen na-arụpụta ụgbọ mmiri maka Turkey, ìgwè ahụ boro ya ebubo na ọ bụ ndị na-eweta ngwá agha maka ọchịchị Turkey, nke na-eduga agha megide ndị Kurd.[3]
Ọnwụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Mgbe a tụrụ bọmbụ n'ebe a na-arụ ụgbọ mmiri na Bremen, Rote Zora adịghịzi arụ ọrụ mana ọ dịghị mgbe ọ gbasara n'ụzọ iwu. Ìgwè ahụ malitere ịpụ na mbido afọ 1990, mgbe Soviet Union tisasịrị na mbelata zuru oke n'ọrụ agha nke aka ekpe, dịka ụfọdụ ndị otu chọrọ ịhapụ ọgụ, ebe ndị ọzọ chọrọ ịga n'ihu na ya. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe nke Rote Zora bụ Ndị agha nnupụisi na-arụ ọrụ nwa oge, a makwaara ha dị ka "ndị na-eyi ọha egwu mgbe ha rụchara ọrụ" n'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ọrụ ndị nọ n'etiti ma na-eme mwakpo ha n'oge ezumike ha.
N'afọ 2000, Oliver Ressler mere obere ihe nkiri banyere otu ahụ, Die Rote Zora. [4]
N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2007, onye bụbu onye otu Rote Zora bụ Adrienne Gershäuser kpere ikpe maka ịnwa ịtụ bọmbụ nke Berlin Genetic Technical Institute na 1986, na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta uwe na Bavaria na 1987, na-anata ikpe afọ abụọ, n'ihi oge na n'ihi na ọ tụgharịrị onwe ya, ndị ọchịchị kwuru.[5][6][7] ntaramahụhụ kachasị Gershäuser nwere ike ịnagide ga-abụ afọ iri n'ụlọ mkpọrọ maka ịbụ onye otu ndị na-eyi ọha egwu.[8]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Nnukwu nkwado ụmụ nwanyị
- Mkpịsị Aka Na-emegide Alaeze Ukwu
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Paterson (17 April 2007). Germany's 'Red Zora' terrorist spared jail. The Independent. Archived from the original on 2007-05-15.
- ↑ Storim. A herstory of the Revolutionary Cells and Rote Zora. Spunk Library. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved on 2015-11-28.
- ↑ "1995 - der letzte Anschlag der 'Roten Zora'", Der Tagesspiegel, 20 December 1999. Retrieved on 2021-01-24. (in de)
- ↑ Rote Zora – Oliver Ressler. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved on 20 June 2021.
- ↑ Infoshop News - Former Left-Wing Extremist Tried For Failed Attacks in 1980s. Archived from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved on 14 April 2007.
- ↑ "Radical Left-Wing Feminist Given Suspended Jail Term", Deutsche Welle, 16 April 2007.
- ↑ Connolly. "Militant feminist on trial after 20 years on run", The Guardian, 12 April 2007. Retrieved on 2023-11-04. (in en-GB)
- ↑ Connolly. "Militant feminist on trial after 20 years on run", The Guardian, 12 April 2009. Retrieved on 2023-11-04. (in en-GB) “If convicted Gershäuser faces a maximum penalty of 10 years in jail for being a member of a terrorist organisation and for attempted bombing. But the authorities have indicated that as she turned herself in, and due to the time lapse, she will probably get a two-year suspended sentence.”