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Iwu Ndị Ogbenye nke 1551

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Iwu Ndị Ogbenye nke 1551

Iwu maka inye na enyemaka nke ndị ogbenye bụ ụkpụrụ nke ndị omeiwu England mere n'oge ọchịchị Eze Edward VI . Ọ bụ akụkụ nke Tudor Ogbenye Iwu ma na-ekwughachi iwu ndị dara ogbenye gara aga ewepụtara na 1536, 1547, na 1549 bụ ndị lekwasịrị anya n'ụzọ bụ isi na ntaramahụhụ nke ndị na-apụnara mmadụ ihe. [1] Iwu Ogbenye 1551 họpụtara ọkwa ọhụrụ, “onye na-anakọta onyinye,” na parish ọ bụla. Ndị ọchịchị obodo na ndị bi ebe ahụ họpụtara ndị na-anakọta onyinye ebere abụọ ka ha rịọ, dekọọ ma kesaa onyinye ebere maka enyemaka na-adịghị mma. Ọ gara n'ihu na parish ọ bụla ga-edobe akwụkwọ ndekọ aha nke "ndị na-adịghị ike, ndị agadi na ndị nọ n'ahụhụ" na enyemaka ha nwetara. A gwara ndị ọchịchị Parish ka ha “jiri nwayọọ na-agba” onye ọ bụla nwere ike inye onyinye ma ghara, na-ezo aka na ha bishọp nke Dayọsis ma ọ bụrụ na ha anọgide na-ajụ. A nabatara ntaramahụhụ maka ileghara ọrụ enyemaka na-adịghị mma na 1563 na ịdabere na ọrụ ebere na usoro nke ụtụ isi na 1597 . [2] N'okpuru echiche na a ga-elekọta ndị ogbenye niile, a machibidoro ịrịọ arịrịọ n'ihu ọha ugbu a. [3] Ndị omeiwu Marian nke 1555 ga-eweghachi arịrịọ ikike na-arịọ ka ndị arịrịọ iwu na-eyi baajị. [4]

Ọnọdụ mmekọrịta

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N'ime oge Tudor, echiche omenala malitere ịpụ na nkwenkwe nkà mmụta okpukpe nke oge ochie na ịda ogbenye bụ omume ọma. [5] Mmetụta nkà ihe ọmụma nke Renaissance humanism [6] na mpụta nke ụkpụrụ omume ọrụ Protestant [7] na akwụkwọ ndị na-ezighị ezi [8] nyere aka n'echiche na-agba ume ịrụ ọrụ na nlekọta nke akụ na ụba na ikwutọ nkịtị, ịrịọ arịrịọ, na ịnọ nkịtị. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ịda ogbenye na ọnụ ahịa nke enyemaka na-adịghị mma na-abawanye, ndị obodo gbalịrị ịkọwa na ịmachi ndị ruru eru maka enyemaka, na-amachibido nkwado site na mpaghara na omume omume. [9]

Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba

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Mmụba nke ịda ogbenye n'oge oge Tudor nwere ike ịpụta na mgbagwoju anya nke ihe. Nnupụisi na 1549 gbochiri mbọ owuwe ihe ubi na ụkọ ihe ubi n'afọ ndị sochirinụ so na-ebute ọnụ ahịa ọnụ ahịa. [10] Usoro mbelata nke mkpụrụ ego n'etiti 1544-1551 mebiri ntụkwasị obi akụ na ụba. [11] Mmụba ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ ngwa ngwa na mmetụta nke amụma mkpuchi Tudor dugara n'ịkwanye ọrụ karịrị ihe achọrọ yana ụgwọ ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ na-ada nke ukwuu. Ọnụọgụ ọmụmụ dị elu pụtakwara na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị bi na-etorubeghị ike itinye aka na akụ na ụba. [12] Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nbibi nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk ahụ wepụrụ ọrụ ebere nile nke Chọọchị Katọlik na-arụ, òtù okpukpere chi, na òtù ụmụnna ndị na-enye aka n'ụzọ nkịtị na nke na-abụghị nke ọha na nke ndị parish na anụ ụlọ ndị e jikwaworo mee ihe na-adịghị mma. Usoro iji dochie ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-adịkarị nwayọ na enweghị isi. [13]

Edensibia

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  1. ↑ 5&6 Edw. VI c. 2; Beier (1983). The Problem of the Poor in Tudor and Early Stuart England. London: Methuen & Co Ltd. ; Elton (1953). "An Early Tudor Poor Law". The Economic History Review 6 (1): 55–67. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0289.1953.tb01486.x. 
  2. ↑ Beier 1983, p. 41; Slack (1990). The English Poor Law 1531-1782. Macmillan Press Ltd. 
  3. ↑ 5&6 Edw. VI c. 2; Slack 1990, p. 59-60; Beier 1983, p. 40
  4. ↑ Rushton (2001). "Monastic Charitable Provision in Tudor England: Quantifying and Qualifying Poor Relief in the Early Sixteenth Century". Continuity and Change 16 (1): 9–44. DOI:10.1017/s0268416001003708. ; Hindle (2004). "Dependency, Shame and Belonging: Badging the Deserving Poor, c.1550-1750". Cultural and Social History 1 (1): 6–35. 
  5. ↑ Thomas (1999). Authority and Disorder in Tudor Times 1485-1603. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 40–41. 
  6. ↑ Beier 1983, p. 17; Harvey (1979). "Recent Research on Poverty in Tudor-Stuart England: Review and Commentary". International Review of Social History 24 (2): 237–252. DOI:10.1017/s0020859000006040. 
  7. ↑ Beier 1983, p. 14
  8. ↑ Beier 1983, p. 17
  9. ↑ McIntosh (2005). "Poverty, Charity, and Coercion in Elizabethan England". The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 35 (3): 457–479. DOI:10.1162/0022195052564234. ; Beier 1983, p. 23
  10. ↑ Jordan (1970). Edward VI: The Threshold of Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 
  11. ↑ Wordie (1997). "Deflationary Factors in the Tudor Price Rise". Past and Present 154: 32–70. DOI:10.1093/past/154.1.32. ; Leonard (1900). The Early History of English Poor Relief. Cambridge University Press. ; Jordan 1970, p. 459
  12. ↑ Beier 1983, p.7; Wordie 1997
  13. ↑ McIntosh (1988). "Local Responses to the Poor in Late Medieval and Tudor England". Continuity and Change 3 (2): 209–245. DOI:10.1017/s0268416000000953. ; McIntosh 2005; Beier 1983, p. 19-23
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