Juliana M Rogalski

A liana Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. (crem) e uma planta alimenticia nao convencional (PANC) do sul e sudeste do Brasil. No Rio Grande do Sul, o crem e cultivado por agricultores familiares nas regioes do Alto Uruguai e da Serra Gaucha. Sua propagacao ocorre por meio do plantio de tuberculos-sementes, sendo o extrativismo in situ um desafio para a conservacao desta especie. A comercializacao ocorre por meio de tuberculos in natura ou conserva (tuberculo ralado com vinagre colonial). O objetivo deste projeto foi estudar a biologia reprodutiva de T. pentaphyllum . Os experimentos estao sendo realizados em ambiente (estufa) com temperatura, ventilacao e umidade controladas, e em area aberta (polinizacao) no IFRS - Campus Sertao. Para estudar o sistema reprodutivo foram realizados cinco tratamentos: agamospermia, autopolinizacao manual, geitonogamia, polinizacao cruzada e controle. Para cada tratamento foram marcadas 50 flores, onde serao avaliadas as taxas de frutificacao e de germinacao das sementes. As sementes de todos os frutos formados serao semeadas em bandejas, contendo turfa como substrato, e avaliada a taxa de germinacao. Alem disso, foi registrado diariamente num periodo de 15 dias o numero de flores abertas, numero de flores nas fases estaminada e pistilada. A fenologia da especie esta sendo avaliada, desde a brotacao dos tuberculos, floracao, frutificacao, ate a senescencia do caule aereo. A visitacao floral tambem foi avaliada sendo registrado o comportamento dos visitantes florais, os recursos coletados e periodo de visita dos mesmos. Os insetos foram coletados e os demais visitantes fotografados para posterior identificacao. A brotacao dos tuberculos iniciou em fevereiro estendendo-se ate o mes de maio de 2017. Os resultados obtidos ate o momento indicam que a especie apresenta protandria, tendo sobreposicao de fases (um ou dois dias). Oito especies visitaram as flores do crem, porem apenas tres podem ser consideradas polinizadoras: os beija-flores  Leucochloris albicollis Vieillot e  Chlorostilbon lucidus Shaw e uma especie de Euglossa . O sistema reprodutivo e as taxas de frutificacao (em andamento) e a taxa de germinacao ainda serao avaliados.

Understanding the distribution and demographic structure of populations is essential for species conservation. In Brazil, the rheophyte group has been greatly affected by the construction of hydroelectric dams. All know populations of Dyckia brevifolia along Itajaí-Açu River were studied. The plants were classified as seedlings, immature or repoductive rosettes. In addition, the number of dead rosettes, except for seedlings, was determined in five populations of D. brevifolia. The total number of rosettes per population ranged from 273 to 7,185, totaling 30,443 rosettes, and 1,789 seedlings (5.9%). Only 2.4% of rosettes occurred isolated and 97.6% occurred clumped into 2,254 clumps. The number of rosettes per clump ranged from two to 339 rosettes. The percentage of reproductive rosettes per population ranged from 7.8 to 26.7%. The correlation between the number of clumps or between the total number of rosettes and the area of occupation was significant and positive (r = 0.82; P <...

The herbaceous vine Mandevilla funiformis (Vell.) K. Schum. occurs in open vegetation in the Southern Brazil. The present study was carried out in a sandbank, east of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State. Floral morphology, nectar features (production pattern, removal effects, and standing crop), floral visitors (including pollinator, robber and thief of nectar), fruit set and seed germination of M. funiformis were studied. Every plant produced an average of 31.5 inflorescences. The average total volume and the average sugar concentration of nectar were 81 μL and 24%, respectively. The bees Epicharis (Anepicharis) dejeanii, Eufriesea violacea, Bombus (Fervidobombus) morio, the hummingbird Amazilia fimbriata, and two species of Hesperiidae were considered potential pollinators. The other species were considered consumers, nectar robbers or nectar thieves. Fruit set was 35.6% and average percentage of seed germination was 68%, indicating that visitors are efficient pollinators. This st...

The herbaceous vine Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. (Tropaeolaceae), popularly known as crem, has great potential for use, especially its tubers. However, there is still a lack of studies regarding this species. The objective of this study was to test the viability of propagation by stem cuttings for the production of T. pentaphyllum seed tubers. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. In both experiments, experimental design was completely randomized. In the first one, five treatments were evaluated (stem cuttings with 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm) with three replicates, each one with 10 stem cuttings. In the second experiment, three treatments were evaluated (stem cuttings positions: apical, middle and basal), with four replications, each one with 10 stem cuttings. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Stem cuttings with 15 cm length had the highest rate of tuber formation (20....

The objective of this study was to evaluate the seed germination of Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam., an endangered geophyte native of southern Brazil with agriculture potential due its edible tubers. Two experiments were carried out in 2017: germination of T. pentaphyllum under natural conditions and under controlled conditions. In the experiments under natural and controlled conditions, the germination of 1,100 and 100 seeds was evaluated, respectively. In the experiment under controlled conditions, two treatments (natural light and dark) were evaluated and each treatment contained 50 seeds. In the natural conditions experiment, in 2018 (first year), of the 1,100 seeds, 5.6% germinated and 76.5% persisted in the soil; and in 2019 (second year), 5.3% of the seeds germinated and no seeds remained in the soil. In natural conditions experiment, 10.9% of seeds germinated over two years. In controlled conditions experiment, in 2018 the germination in dark was higher (48%) compared to natura...

Os tuberculos de Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. (crem) sao muito apreciados na culinaria do sul do Brasil, devido as suas propriedades nutricionais e medicinais. Propagado via “tuberculos-semente”, esta especie apresenta potencial economico em nivel regional. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a germinacao das sementes de T. pentaphyllum ; avaliar o desenvolvimento do sistema caulinar aereo das plantas oriundas de sementes durante um ciclo de cultivo (germinacao ate senescencia do sistema caulinar aereo); e avaliar a producao de tuberculos. A germinacao das sementes foi estudada na presenca e na ausencia de luz, sendo utilizadas 50 sementes por tratamento, totalizando 100. As sementes foram mantidas em bandejas, contendo turfa substrato, em casa de vegetacao. Apos a germinacao, 34 plantas medindo em media 7,48 ± 4,43 cm foram transplantadas para tubetes, contendo uma mistura de turfa e composto orgânico, e mantidas em casa de vegetacao. Semanalmente foi medida a altura do caule a...

In southern Brazil some species of Dyckia genus occur as rheophytes. Dyckia ibiramensis is an endemic bromeliad that occurs in discrete patches of the rocky banks along Itajaí do Norte River, Santa Catarina state. Four populations along Itajaí do Norte River were studied. In each population, all rosettes were counted and the diameter of each rosette was measured. The spatial distribution of the rosettes was identified as an isolated rosette or a clump. The clumps were classified according to the number of rosettes. The total number of rosettes per population ranged from 295 to 1,412. Most rosettes occur in clumps (98.1%), and 41% have reproductive rosettes. The number of rosettes per clump ranged from two to 43 rosettes. The percentage of reproductive rosettes per population ranged from 7.8 to 26.7%. The correlation between the number of clumps or between the total number of rosettes and the area of occupation was significant and positive. Few seedlings and isolated rosettes, produc...

O arbusto Rubus erythrocladus Mart. ex Hook.f. (amora-verde) é uma espécie endêmica do Brasil e uma das plantas alimentícias não convencionais que apresenta grande potencial de uso, devido ao sabor agradável de seus frutos e às altas concentrações de flavonoides. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de AIB no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de R. erythrocladus. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no IFRS – Campus Sertão, durante o período de novembro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com seis concentrações (0, 500, 1.000, 2.000, 3.000, 4.000 mg L-1) de AIB, cinco estacas por unidade experimental e quatro repetições, totalizando 120 estacas. A percentagem de sobrevivência e de enraizamento das estacas, o número de raízes e o comprimento da maior raiz foram avaliados após 60 dias da implantação do experimento. Os dados foram analisados através de análise de variância e as m...

Complete plastome sequence of Tropaeolum pentaphyllum revealed molecular markers, hotspots of nucleotide polymorphism, RNA editing sites and phylogenetic aspects Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC. comprises approximately 95 species across North and South Americas. Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. is an unconventional and endangered species with occurrence in some countries of South America. Although this species presents nutritional, medicinal and ornamental uses, genetic studies involving natural populations or promising genotypes are practically non-existent. Here, we report the nucleotide sequence of T. pentaphyllum plastome. It represents the first complete plastome sequence of the family Tropaeolaceae to be fully sequenced and analyzed in detail. The sequencing data revealed that the T. pentaphyllum plastome is highly similar to the plastomes of other Brassicales. Notwithstanding, our analyses detected some specific features concerning events of IR expansion and structural changes in some genes such as matK, rpoA, and rpoC2. We also detected 251 SSR loci, nine hotspots of nucleotide polymorphism, and two specific RNA editing sites in the plastome of T. pentaphyllum. Moreover, plastid phylogenomic inference indicated a closed relationship between the families Tropaeolaceae and Akaniaceae, which formed a sister group to Moringaceae–Caricaceae. Finally, our data bring new molecular markers and evolutionary features to be applied in the natural population, germplasm collection, and genotype selection aiming conservation, genetic diversity evaluation, and exploitation of this endangered species.

A Colecao Botânica e um local onde guardam-se especies botânicas e o material destinado para estudos e pesquisas. A coleta e a herborizacao de material botânico, como pratica de ensino, tem auxiliado fortemente na valorizacao da biodiversidade local, uma vez que vem acompanhada da identificacao correta das plantas, suas potencialidades de uso, conservacao e multiplicacao. As oficinas tiveram como objetivo estudar: as principais caracteristicas morfologicas vegetativas e reprodutivas das briofitas, pteridofitas, gimnospermas e angiospermas, as tecnicas de coleta e conservacao de material botânico e a montagem das colecoes botânicas didaticas. Na metodologia utilizada foi dada maior enfase aos metodos mais simples, que utilizam materiais de baixo custo e acessiveis. As oficinas foram realizadas no Laboratorio de Estereoscopia do Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - Câmpus Sertao, por meio de aulas teorico-praticas, ministradas pelos bolsistas e pe...

In southern Brazil some species of Dyckia genus occur as rheophytes. Dyckia ibiramensis is an endemic bromeliad that occurs in discrete patches of the rocky banks along Itajaí do Norte River, Santa Catarina state. Four populations along Itajaí do Norte River were studied. In each population, all rosettes were counted and the diameter of each rosette was measured. The spatial distribution of the rosettes was identified as an isolated rosette or a clump. The clumps were classified according to the number of rosettes. The total number of rosettes per population ranged from 295 to 1,412. Most rosettes occur in clumps (98.1%), and 41% have reproductive rosettes. The number of rosettes per clump ranged from two to 43 rosettes. The percentage of reproductive rosettes per population ranged from 7.8 to 26.7%. The correlation between the number of clumps or between the total number of rosettes and the area of occupation was significant and positive. Few seedlings and isolated rosettes, production of offshoots occurred on both immature, and reproductive rosettes, and clumps with few rosettes can indicate the clonal propagation predominate in D. ibiramensis. Therefore, the maintenance and monitoring of the populations are essential for its long-term in situ conservation.

The herbaceous vine Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. (Tropaeolaceae), popularly known as crem, has great potential for use, especially its tubers. However, there is still a lack of studies regarding this species. The objective of this study was to test the viability of propagation by stem cuttings for the production of T. pentaphyllum seed tubers. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. In both experiments, experimental design was completely randomized. In the first one, five treatments were evaluated (stem cuttings with 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm) with three replicates, each one with 10 stem cuttings. In the second experiment, three treatments were evaluated (stem cuttings positions: apical, middle and basal), with four replications, each one with Original Research Article Balestrin et al.; JEAI, 43(1): 84-90, 2021; Article no.JEAI.66510 85 10 stem cuttings. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey’s t...

Aim: The climbing shrub Rubus erythroclados Mart. ex Hook. f. (amora-verde) has great food (fruits) and medicinal (leaves) potential. However, this species remains understudied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between cutting size and IBA concentration in the vegetative propagation of R. erythroclados by stem cuttings. Study Design: The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 3x5 factorial combination. The cutting size factor was represented by three levels (10, 15 and 20 cm) and IBA concentration factor by five levels (0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 mg L-1). Results: There was an interaction between the factors in 13 of the 19 variables analyzed, being: live cuttings at 30 and 60 days, live cuttings with callus formation, sprouted cuttings at 30, 60 and 90 days, rooted cuttings, shoot number, shoot diameter, root number, root length, length of the largest root and root diameter. Size increase of the R. erythroclados cuttings caused a de...