Attila Kreiter
Hungarian National Museum, Archaeometry Laboratory, Department Member
- Social and Cultural Anthropology, Archaeological Method & Theory, Social Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology, Experimental Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, and 38 moreArchaeological Science, Archaeometry, Archaeological Theory, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Pottery (Archaeology), Bronze Age (Archaeology), Ceramic Technology, Ceramics (Ceramics), Neolithic Europe, Anthropology of Technology, Medieval Pottery, Ancient Glass, Pottery technology and function, Ceramic Petrography, Medieval ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Pottery Analysis, Mechanical Properties of Ceramics, Early Neolithic pottery technology, Pottery studies, High Temperature Ceramics, Pottery consumption, 3) Petrography and Manufacturing Technology of Ancient Ceramics, Ancient Technical Ceramics, Bruno Latour, Anthropomorphic Figurines, Early Bronze Age (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Late neolithic pottery technology, Late neolithic ceramic technology, Prehistoric Figurines, Grog Temper, Archaeology, Social Sciences, Prehistoric Archaeology, Prehistory, and Archaeobotanyedit
- Attila Kreiter Hungarian National Museum Public Collection Centre Archaeometry Laboratory H-1113 Budapest Daróci út 3... moreAttila Kreiter
Hungarian National Museum Public Collection Centre
Archaeometry Laboratory
H-1113 Budapest
Daróci út 3.
I'm head of laboratory and ceramic specialist. I received my PhD from Southampton University, UK, in 2006. My research interests include utilization of interdisciplinary analysis in archaeological interpretation and the combination of interdisciplinary research with archaeological theory, the origins and transmission of ceramic technologies, continuity and change in ceramic technologies and the social meaning/application of these processes. Apart from ceramic petrography I employ a broad range of analytical techniques to gather data including X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Laser Ablation (LA-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-AES). I conduct research in Hungary analysing ceramics from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages.edit
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Orders can currently be placed via email to verlagbeier@online.de. Bestellungen sind zurzeit über E-Mail an verlagbeier@online.de möglich. Chapter 20: Abstracts Stadler Peter, Kotova Nadezhda In Chapter 1 the new results of magnetic... more
Orders can currently be placed via email to verlagbeier@online.de.
Bestellungen sind zurzeit über E-Mail an verlagbeier@online.de möglich.
Chapter 20: Abstracts
Stadler Peter, Kotova Nadezhda
In Chapter 1 the new results of magnetic prospection are shown. Including all excavations and former prospection, we now have 125 – 135 houses constructed from about 5650 to 5050 BC. If we take all into account, there might be up to 150 houses, thus making Brunn am Gebirge Wolfholz by far the largest settlement of the LPC, beginning in the Formative phase.
Chapter 2 presents the triangulation map and aerial photos of site 3. Aerial photos were taken on a flight with a helicopter in the excavation year 1999.
In Chapter 3 Alexander Minnich presents statistics of all newly detected hearths and ovens, in which he interpreted the houses in the triangulation map with the exception of those already discussed in volume 1, mostly from site 2.
Chapter 4 investigates technological aspects and the shape of pottery from site 3.
In Chapter 5 the ornamentation of pottery from Brunn site 3 is shown and cast into a typology.
Chapter 6 shows the clay objects, which are amulets and bells, with their parallels in eastern Europe.
In Chapter 7 Beate Pomberger discusses further musical instruments from Brunn – vessel flutes and bells made from ceramics and their parallels in eastern Europe.
In Chapter 8 similarities between the features of the Formative phase of Brunn site 2 are compared with Brunn site 3.
Chapter 9 is the Bayesian approach to a house sequence, for about 27 houses. Only in these houses enough information – radiocarbon dates and ceramics – was available. The same radiocarbon data used in this way can be used for a sequencing of the phases.
In Chapter 10 is given the chronology of the Brunn Sites in the context of the Linear Pottery Culture.
In Chapter 11 Nadezhda Kotova tries to give a sequence of houses from site 3, by using different parameters, such as topography, orientation, climate, seriation, and radiocarbon data.
In Chapter 12 we give an overview of rock materials found at all sites of Brunn Wolfholz.
In Chapter 13 we present a typology of the macrolithic artefacts.
In Chapter 14 a complete dataset of macrolithic artefacts from Brunn Wolfholz is shown.
In Chapter 15 we present a stray find of a stone axe from a geological inspection.
Chapter 16 deals with the further investigation of petrographic and mineralogical analyses of additional selected pottery from the excavation Brunn am Gebirge (locality Wolfholz) from sites 1, 3 and 4 and a comparison with some reference samples.
Chapter 17 disproves our hope to identify Hungarian sites, from where we thought some imported ceramics of Brunn came from.
In Chapter 18 our student Yanik Hahnekamp investigates the topographical situation of LPC
Cemeteries and settlement burials in comparison with the distribution of Mesolithic and LPC settlements.
Bestellungen sind zurzeit über E-Mail an verlagbeier@online.de möglich.
Chapter 20: Abstracts
Stadler Peter, Kotova Nadezhda
In Chapter 1 the new results of magnetic prospection are shown. Including all excavations and former prospection, we now have 125 – 135 houses constructed from about 5650 to 5050 BC. If we take all into account, there might be up to 150 houses, thus making Brunn am Gebirge Wolfholz by far the largest settlement of the LPC, beginning in the Formative phase.
Chapter 2 presents the triangulation map and aerial photos of site 3. Aerial photos were taken on a flight with a helicopter in the excavation year 1999.
In Chapter 3 Alexander Minnich presents statistics of all newly detected hearths and ovens, in which he interpreted the houses in the triangulation map with the exception of those already discussed in volume 1, mostly from site 2.
Chapter 4 investigates technological aspects and the shape of pottery from site 3.
In Chapter 5 the ornamentation of pottery from Brunn site 3 is shown and cast into a typology.
Chapter 6 shows the clay objects, which are amulets and bells, with their parallels in eastern Europe.
In Chapter 7 Beate Pomberger discusses further musical instruments from Brunn – vessel flutes and bells made from ceramics and their parallels in eastern Europe.
In Chapter 8 similarities between the features of the Formative phase of Brunn site 2 are compared with Brunn site 3.
Chapter 9 is the Bayesian approach to a house sequence, for about 27 houses. Only in these houses enough information – radiocarbon dates and ceramics – was available. The same radiocarbon data used in this way can be used for a sequencing of the phases.
In Chapter 10 is given the chronology of the Brunn Sites in the context of the Linear Pottery Culture.
In Chapter 11 Nadezhda Kotova tries to give a sequence of houses from site 3, by using different parameters, such as topography, orientation, climate, seriation, and radiocarbon data.
In Chapter 12 we give an overview of rock materials found at all sites of Brunn Wolfholz.
In Chapter 13 we present a typology of the macrolithic artefacts.
In Chapter 14 a complete dataset of macrolithic artefacts from Brunn Wolfholz is shown.
In Chapter 15 we present a stray find of a stone axe from a geological inspection.
Chapter 16 deals with the further investigation of petrographic and mineralogical analyses of additional selected pottery from the excavation Brunn am Gebirge (locality Wolfholz) from sites 1, 3 and 4 and a comparison with some reference samples.
Chapter 17 disproves our hope to identify Hungarian sites, from where we thought some imported ceramics of Brunn came from.
In Chapter 18 our student Yanik Hahnekamp investigates the topographical situation of LPC
Cemeteries and settlement burials in comparison with the distribution of Mesolithic and LPC settlements.
Research Interests: Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic Europe, Bayesian Models, Bayesian Radiocarbon Dating, Correspondence Analysis, and 15 moreMesolithic/Neolithic, Pottery Typology, Ceramics, Early Neolithic pottery technology, Neolithic Eastern Europe, Aerial Photography, Early Neolithic, Radiocarbon Dating (Archaeology), Thin Section Petrography, Neolithization, Radiocarbon Chronology, Prehistoric Longhouses, Late Mesolithic, Helicopter Flight Dynamics, and Milanovce - Veľký Kýr
The previous volumes of Archaeological Investigations in Hungary are also available here: https://archeodatabase.hnm.hu/en/rkm
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Palaeolithic Archaeology, Mesolithic Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, and 8 moreNeolithic Archaeology, Bronze Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Roman Provincial Archaeology, Middle Ages, Copper age, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, and Roman Archaeology
The previous volumes of Archaeological Investigations in Hungary are also available here: https://archeodatabase.hnm.hu/en/rkm
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Mesolithic Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, and 8 moreBronze Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Roman Provincial Archaeology, Middle Ages, Copper age, Palaolithic archaeology, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, and Roman Archaeology
The previous volumes of Archaeological Investigations in Hungary are also available here: https://archeodatabase.hnm.hu/en/rkm
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Palaeolithic Archaeology, Mesolithic Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, and 8 moreNeolithic Archaeology, Bronze Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Roman Provincial Archaeology, Middle Ages, Copper age, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, and Roman Archaeology
Research Interests:
Content I. Palaeoecology Pál Sümegi: Long-term relationship between human and environment Introductory thoughts to the Palaeoecological Section of the Environment – Human – Culture conference Attila Barczi, Tünde Horváth, Ákos Pető,... more
Content
I. Palaeoecology
Pál Sümegi: Long-term relationship between human and environment Introductory thoughts to the Palaeoecological Section of the Environment – Human – Culture conference
Attila Barczi, Tünde Horváth, Ákos Pető, János Dani: Hajdunánás-Tedej – Lyukas-halom: archaeological assessment and scientific examination of a typical kurgan from the Great Hungarian Plain
Balázs Benyhe, Tímea Kiss, György Sipos, Andrea Deák, István Knipl: Investigation of human induced surface development at an archaeolgical excavation site near Bugac (Hungary)
Gergely Bóka: Changes in settlement patterns in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages in the Körös Region Hydrogeology, reliefs and settlements
József Dezső, Gergely Kovaliczky, Réka Balogh, György Sipos: On loess hills and in floodplains. Preliminary report on geoarchaeological investigations near Szederkény – Kukorica-dűlő (M60 Motorway) and its floodplain in Hungary
Zoltán Horváth, Zoltán Kárpáti, Endre Krolopp†, Csaba Gulyás-Kis, Zsófia Medzihradszky, Bálint Tóth: Assessment of the relationship between environmental changes and urbanization through sedimentary, soil formation, malacological and pollen analyses (Pécs – Búza tér)
Gábor Ilon: The present and potential future strategy of environmental historical research in Western Hungary
Gabriella Kovács: Potentials of the archaeological application of soil micromorphological thin sections at Százhalombatta-Földvár Bronze Age tell settlement
Rozália Kustár, Pál Sümegi: Palaeoenvironmental changes inferred from results of excavations implemented in 2002 and 2003 near the settlement of Harta
Pál Sümegi, Sándor Gulyás, Gergő Persaits: Environmental history of Hungary: long time connection between man and environment in the Carpathian Basin. An instance for Early Neolithic economy on the loess covered alluvial island (Nagykörű – Tsz Gyümölcsös site)
Csaba Szalontai: The role and importance of the Maty Stream in the settlement history of Szeged neighbourhood. Preliminary results
Gábor Serlegi, Szilvia Fábián, Márta Daróczi-Szabó, Gabriella Sholl-Barna, Attila Demény: Climatic and environmental changes during the Late Copper Age in the Transdanubian region
II. Archaeobotany
Ferenc Gyulai: Archaeobotany. Opening lecture
Ferenc Gyulai: Archaeobotanical investigation of an Early Iron Age tumulus at Fehérvárcsurgó, Hungary
Árpád Kenéz, Ferenc Gyulai, Ákos Pető: Archaeobotanical examination of food remains from Keszthely – Fenékpuszta Late Roman inner fortress with special focus on the consumption of cereals and the preparation of food
Ákos Pető, Árpád Kenéz, Orsolya Herendi, Ferenc Gyulai: Assessment of potential plant exploitation and land use of the Late Avar period in the light of micro- and macroarchaeobotanical analyses of an archaeological site in Southeastern Hungary
III. Archaeozoology
László Bartosiewicz: Archaeozoology in Hungary: the anatomy of a discipline
Erika Gál, Gabriella Kulcsár: Changes at the beginning of the Bronze Age. Characterizing subsistence on the basis of animal remains in southern Transdanubia, Hungary
György Goldman, Júlia Szénászky: Settlement unit of the Tiszapolgár culture at Battonya – Vertán-major archaeological site
Beáta Tugya, Zoltán Rózsa: Use of horn as a raw material from the Sarmatian excavation site of Szűcs Tanya in Községporta, Orosháza. Archaeological, archaeozoological and ethnographical references
IV. Anthropology
Ildikó Pap: Anthropology and Archaeology. A changing relationship?
Orsolya László: “Long gone childhood”. Comparative analysis of children in Medieval cemeteries
Brigitta Ősz, Vanda Voicsek, Csaba Vandulek, Péter Zádori: Paleopathological analysis of the human skeletal material from the cemetery at Lánycsók – Gata-Csotola (Hungary) dating to the Early Árpádian Age: a preliminary study
V. Archaeometry
Katalin T. Bíró: Archaeology and archaeometry: magic wand, fashion or routine?
László Csedreki, Rozália Kustár, Péter Langó: Micro-PIXE analysis of gilt silver mounts from the Hungarian Conquest Period
Marianna Dági: Goldsmiths and techniques of manufacture. Gold myrtle wreaths from Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Macedonia
Katalin Gherdán, Tünde Horváth, Mária Tóth: Potentials in ceramic petrography research. A case study at a multi-period site (Balatonőszöd – Temetői-dűlő, M7 / S-10)
János Jakucs, Judit Sándorné Kovács: Identification of Middle Neolithic ceramics paintings from nort-eastern Hungary and north-western Romania by the means of Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Nándor Kalicz, Zsuzsanna Siklósi, Gabriella Scholl-Barna, Bernadett Bajnóczi, George H. Hourmouziadis, Fotis Ifantidis, Aikaterini Kyparissi-Apostolika, Maria Pappa, Rena Veropoulidou, Christina Ziota: Stable isotope geochemical provenance study of shell ornaments from Aszód – Papi földek
Éva Kelemen, Mária Tóth, Bernadett Bajnóczi: Archaeometric analysis of Árpádian Age and Late Medieval building materials from Csongrád County
Szilvia Lakatos, Zoltán May, Mária Tóth: Examination of a bronze Venus statue by archaeological and archaeometric methods
Emilia Pásztor: The role and significance of astronomy in prehistoric archaeological research. Case studies from Europe and the Carpathian Basin
Béla Rácz: Transcarpathian obsidians: literature data and field experience
Miklós Rácz, Sándor Puszta: Comparison of the results from a ground-penetrating radar survey and an archaeological excavation in the Medieval church of Sóly
György Sipos, Tünde Horváth, Zoltán May, Mária Tóth: Data to the dating of a Late Copper Age ritual human mask from Balatonőszöd – Temetői-dűlő
György Szakmány, István Sajó, Eszter Harsányi: Archaeometric investigation of Pannonian imitations of the black-coated pottery from Trier
Péter Pánczél, Attila Kreiter, György Szakmány: Petrographic, XRF, SEM-EDS and CL analyses of Celtic ceramics from Bátaszék – Körtvélyes-dűlő
Ildikó Zsók, György Szakmány, Attila Kreiter, Tibor Marton: Archaeometric analyses of Neolithic ceramics from Balatonszárszó
I. Palaeoecology
Pál Sümegi: Long-term relationship between human and environment Introductory thoughts to the Palaeoecological Section of the Environment – Human – Culture conference
Attila Barczi, Tünde Horváth, Ákos Pető, János Dani: Hajdunánás-Tedej – Lyukas-halom: archaeological assessment and scientific examination of a typical kurgan from the Great Hungarian Plain
Balázs Benyhe, Tímea Kiss, György Sipos, Andrea Deák, István Knipl: Investigation of human induced surface development at an archaeolgical excavation site near Bugac (Hungary)
Gergely Bóka: Changes in settlement patterns in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages in the Körös Region Hydrogeology, reliefs and settlements
József Dezső, Gergely Kovaliczky, Réka Balogh, György Sipos: On loess hills and in floodplains. Preliminary report on geoarchaeological investigations near Szederkény – Kukorica-dűlő (M60 Motorway) and its floodplain in Hungary
Zoltán Horváth, Zoltán Kárpáti, Endre Krolopp†, Csaba Gulyás-Kis, Zsófia Medzihradszky, Bálint Tóth: Assessment of the relationship between environmental changes and urbanization through sedimentary, soil formation, malacological and pollen analyses (Pécs – Búza tér)
Gábor Ilon: The present and potential future strategy of environmental historical research in Western Hungary
Gabriella Kovács: Potentials of the archaeological application of soil micromorphological thin sections at Százhalombatta-Földvár Bronze Age tell settlement
Rozália Kustár, Pál Sümegi: Palaeoenvironmental changes inferred from results of excavations implemented in 2002 and 2003 near the settlement of Harta
Pál Sümegi, Sándor Gulyás, Gergő Persaits: Environmental history of Hungary: long time connection between man and environment in the Carpathian Basin. An instance for Early Neolithic economy on the loess covered alluvial island (Nagykörű – Tsz Gyümölcsös site)
Csaba Szalontai: The role and importance of the Maty Stream in the settlement history of Szeged neighbourhood. Preliminary results
Gábor Serlegi, Szilvia Fábián, Márta Daróczi-Szabó, Gabriella Sholl-Barna, Attila Demény: Climatic and environmental changes during the Late Copper Age in the Transdanubian region
II. Archaeobotany
Ferenc Gyulai: Archaeobotany. Opening lecture
Ferenc Gyulai: Archaeobotanical investigation of an Early Iron Age tumulus at Fehérvárcsurgó, Hungary
Árpád Kenéz, Ferenc Gyulai, Ákos Pető: Archaeobotanical examination of food remains from Keszthely – Fenékpuszta Late Roman inner fortress with special focus on the consumption of cereals and the preparation of food
Ákos Pető, Árpád Kenéz, Orsolya Herendi, Ferenc Gyulai: Assessment of potential plant exploitation and land use of the Late Avar period in the light of micro- and macroarchaeobotanical analyses of an archaeological site in Southeastern Hungary
III. Archaeozoology
László Bartosiewicz: Archaeozoology in Hungary: the anatomy of a discipline
Erika Gál, Gabriella Kulcsár: Changes at the beginning of the Bronze Age. Characterizing subsistence on the basis of animal remains in southern Transdanubia, Hungary
György Goldman, Júlia Szénászky: Settlement unit of the Tiszapolgár culture at Battonya – Vertán-major archaeological site
Beáta Tugya, Zoltán Rózsa: Use of horn as a raw material from the Sarmatian excavation site of Szűcs Tanya in Községporta, Orosháza. Archaeological, archaeozoological and ethnographical references
IV. Anthropology
Ildikó Pap: Anthropology and Archaeology. A changing relationship?
Orsolya László: “Long gone childhood”. Comparative analysis of children in Medieval cemeteries
Brigitta Ősz, Vanda Voicsek, Csaba Vandulek, Péter Zádori: Paleopathological analysis of the human skeletal material from the cemetery at Lánycsók – Gata-Csotola (Hungary) dating to the Early Árpádian Age: a preliminary study
V. Archaeometry
Katalin T. Bíró: Archaeology and archaeometry: magic wand, fashion or routine?
László Csedreki, Rozália Kustár, Péter Langó: Micro-PIXE analysis of gilt silver mounts from the Hungarian Conquest Period
Marianna Dági: Goldsmiths and techniques of manufacture. Gold myrtle wreaths from Late Classical and Early Hellenistic Macedonia
Katalin Gherdán, Tünde Horváth, Mária Tóth: Potentials in ceramic petrography research. A case study at a multi-period site (Balatonőszöd – Temetői-dűlő, M7 / S-10)
János Jakucs, Judit Sándorné Kovács: Identification of Middle Neolithic ceramics paintings from nort-eastern Hungary and north-western Romania by the means of Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Nándor Kalicz, Zsuzsanna Siklósi, Gabriella Scholl-Barna, Bernadett Bajnóczi, George H. Hourmouziadis, Fotis Ifantidis, Aikaterini Kyparissi-Apostolika, Maria Pappa, Rena Veropoulidou, Christina Ziota: Stable isotope geochemical provenance study of shell ornaments from Aszód – Papi földek
Éva Kelemen, Mária Tóth, Bernadett Bajnóczi: Archaeometric analysis of Árpádian Age and Late Medieval building materials from Csongrád County
Szilvia Lakatos, Zoltán May, Mária Tóth: Examination of a bronze Venus statue by archaeological and archaeometric methods
Emilia Pásztor: The role and significance of astronomy in prehistoric archaeological research. Case studies from Europe and the Carpathian Basin
Béla Rácz: Transcarpathian obsidians: literature data and field experience
Miklós Rácz, Sándor Puszta: Comparison of the results from a ground-penetrating radar survey and an archaeological excavation in the Medieval church of Sóly
György Sipos, Tünde Horváth, Zoltán May, Mária Tóth: Data to the dating of a Late Copper Age ritual human mask from Balatonőszöd – Temetői-dűlő
György Szakmány, István Sajó, Eszter Harsányi: Archaeometric investigation of Pannonian imitations of the black-coated pottery from Trier
Péter Pánczél, Attila Kreiter, György Szakmány: Petrographic, XRF, SEM-EDS and CL analyses of Celtic ceramics from Bátaszék – Körtvélyes-dűlő
Ildikó Zsók, György Szakmány, Attila Kreiter, Tibor Marton: Archaeometric analyses of Neolithic ceramics from Balatonszárszó
Research Interests: Stable Isotope Analysis, Geoarchaeology, Palaeoenvironment, Archaeobotany, Ceramic Technology, and 16 moreEnvironmental History, Archaeozoology, Food History, Archaeological Soil Micromorphology, Phytolith Analysis, Archaeometry, Physical Anthropology, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Petrology and Geochemistry, Palaeoecology, Palaeopathology, Prehistoric Archaeobotany, Interdisciplinary Studies, Ceramic Petrography, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, and Plant Exploitation
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Geochemistry, Research Methodology, and 39 moreCeramic Technology, Ceramics (Ceramics), Heritage Conservation, Medieval Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Archaeometry, 3D Reconstruction, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Medieval Pottery, Roman Pottery, Ceramic building materials (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Bronze Age (Archaeology), Craft production (Archaeology), Pigments (Chemistry), Prehistory, Byzantine Pottery, Islamic pottery, Iron Age, Ceramic Petrography, Craft Specialization, Faience, Ceramic Glaze Technology, Copper age, Ceramic Function, Ancient Ceramic Technology, Attic red-figure vases, Decorating pottery with glazes, engobes, and slips., Ceramic Distribution, Ceramic trade, Ceramic production, Encrustation, Radiography, Ceramic Exchange, EMAC, Inlayed Pottery, Anatolian Pottery, Graeco-Italic Pottery, and Sgraffito Ceramic
Research Interests: Geography and Archaeology
Our paper draws attention to the so-called Kalecsinszky clay collection, which was established at the turn of the 19 th and 20 th centuries, in the former Hungarian Royal Geological Institute. In this paper the possibilities of its... more
Our paper draws attention to the so-called Kalecsinszky clay collection, which was established at the turn of the 19 th and 20 th centuries, in the former Hungarian Royal Geological Institute. In this paper the possibilities of its utilisation in ceramic archaeometry are emphasized. The original collection contained more than 900 samples while today 728 items are known, most of them are clearly identifiable and their localities are described in the original catalogue. The first steps in the modern processing of this collection and an example for applying the gained data in archaeometry are presented. By selecting white or light-colored clays from the clay collection and comparing them with medieval white ceramics, we gain a better understanding on the origin of raw materials. Moreover, we also gain insight into how these raw materials may have been manipulated by the potters. The first stage of the material analysis was the thin section-based microscopic petrographic description of the selected 209 clays that is accessible at the Archaeometry Laboratory of the Hungarian National Museum.
Research Interests:
The present study focuses on an Early Copper Age (4500-4000/3900 cal BC) atypical ceramic bowl from Tiszagyenda-Vágott-halom (Eastern Hungary). At first glance, the bowl was strikingly different from the other well-executed, often richly... more
The present study focuses on an Early Copper Age (4500-4000/3900 cal BC) atypical ceramic bowl from Tiszagyenda-Vágott-halom (Eastern Hungary). At first glance, the bowl was strikingly different from the other well-executed, often richly decorated bowls known from the site. Although such vessels can be found sporadically in other Early Copper Age sites, they have never been studied to see exactly how they differ from typical pottery. The aim of the present study is to understand the ideas, intentions, decisions, knowledge, and skills of the potter who made this vessel by reconstructing the chaîne opératoire of the making of the bowl. Technological and stylistic analyses suggest that the atypical pot was probably made by a beginner potter. The stylistic elements (form and decoration) are common in the pottery repertoire of the site and are not considered exceptional, apart from the quality of the execution. The deviation from the usual pottery-making techniques, however, suggests that the potter had probably not acquired all the pottery-making traditions of the community.
Research Interests:
In this study we present the results of archaeometric analyses on a ceramic assemblage uncovered from the late Sarmatian settlement in Tázlár-Templomhegy, Hungary. A particular feature of the settlement is that it represents the complete... more
In this study we present the results of archaeometric analyses on a ceramic assemblage uncovered from the late Sarmatian settlement in Tázlár-Templomhegy, Hungary. A particular feature of the settlement is that it represents the complete range of Sarmatian pottery in terms of vessel types and building techniques such as wheel-thrown grey vessels, wheel-thrown pebbly (Üllő type) vessels, hand-built household wares, and wheelshaped micaceous-pebbly vessels. In this study the archaeological and petrographic analysis of 17 sherds were carried out. The aim of this study is to characterise the fabrics of the examined vessels and attempt to determine the provenance of the tempering material of the wheel-thrown (Üllő type) and the wheel-shaped micaceouspebbly vessels. The results show that the tempering inclusions of the wheel-thrown (Üllő type) vessels correspond with coarse to very coarse grain size and have well-rounded shape and metamorphic texture. These inclusions could have originated from the upper basin of the Danube River or from the Western Carpathians accumulating in the nearby area of the settlement in the form of fluvial sand. The tempering of wheel-shaped micaceous-pebbly ceramics originates from granitoid rocks, which are found on the surface area of the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. The defined rock fragments in the thin sections are most probably Carboniferous Codru granitoids.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In this study a petrographic analysis was carried out on the ceramic material uncovered from two late Sarmatian settlements in the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain, Sándorfalva-Eperjes and Nagymágocs-Paptanya. The aim of the... more
In this study a petrographic analysis was carried out on the ceramic material uncovered from two late Sarmatian settlements in the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain, Sándorfalva-Eperjes and Nagymágocs-Paptanya. The aim of the study is to confirm the working hypothesis that the micaceous-pebbly vessels of the settlements are made from locally available raw materials and the micaceous rock needed for their tempering was imported to the settlements. For this purpose, we analysed thin sections of grey fast-wheeled vessels (fine wares), which were dominant in the finds of the Nagymágocs site, then we compared the obtained data with earlier results on micaceous-pebbly vessels (Walter & Szilágyi 2022). In addition, the results are compared with the petrographic analysis of micaceous-pebbly ceramics from the Late Sarmatian settlement of Sándorfalva-Eperjes.
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Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
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ABSTRACT In the southern part of the Danube-Tisza interfluve (Hungary), a dense Early Neolithic, Körös culture settlement was identified during the excavation of Szakmár-Kisülés. Among several unregistered finds was a unique, mostly... more
ABSTRACT In the southern part of the Danube-Tisza interfluve (Hungary), a dense Early Neolithic, Körös culture settlement was identified during the excavation of Szakmár-Kisülés. Among several unregistered finds was a unique, mostly intact, clay horned figurine often referred to as a clay horn, bull representation. However, female genitalia is represented on the figurine, indicating that the objects is a female symbol. The practice of cattle keeping and secondary products are important economic topics in the Early Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin. The broken base of the figurine suggests that at one time the object was attached to a four-legged altar. Importantly, its base reveals that the figurine was created with multiple layers of clay. The various techniques for characterizing the figurine open new avenues of interpretation concerning how the object was made. A broken section of the figurine shows three distinct layers of manufacture and in order to better understand its construction computed tomography (CT), ceramic petrography, geochemical analyses (LA-ICP-MS and XRD), and phytolith analysis were applied. The results indicate that the figurine was made from three clearly identifiable layers, created during three distinct manufacturing episodes. The results suggest that after each manufacturing episode the figurine was fired again, implying that it also was utilized after each building phase. The raw materials from the different manufacturing episodes are similar petrographically and geochemically, indicating that the figurine was made from similar raw materials. Nevertheless, the raw materials of the different manufacturing episodes show differences in organic temper supporting our contention that the figurine had three distinct manufacturing episodes. The utilization of multiple interdisciplinary methods highlights the complex biography of the figurine.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Geology, Geochemistry, Computed Tomography, Ceramic Technology, and 15 moreArchaeological Science, Gender, Archaeometry, Anthropomorphism, Neolithic, Ceramic Petrography, Early Neolithic pottery technology, Anthropomorphic Figurines, Early Neolithic, Ct, Chaîne Opératoire, Körös Culture, Figurine, Ceramic Analysis Archaeology, and Geochemical Analyses
Research Interests: Archaeology, Geology, Geochemistry, Materials Science, Ceramic Technology, and 13 moreArchaeological Science, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Neolithic Archaeology, Digital Image Processing, Ceramic Petrography, Early Neolithic pottery technology, Early Neolithic, Pottery technology and function, Fragmentation, Iberian Neolithic, Ceramic Analysis Archaeology, Pottery Archaeology, and Ceramic Refitting
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The ceramic variability of fine ware pottery in Early and Middle Bronze Age Carpathian Basin (2600/ 2500-1500/1450 BCE) has been used as an argument for the existence of distinct, large-scale communities. The recent technological studies... more
The ceramic variability of fine ware pottery in Early and Middle Bronze Age Carpathian Basin (2600/ 2500-1500/1450 BCE) has been used as an argument for the existence of distinct, large-scale communities. The recent technological studies of coarse ware ceramics have shown that different stylistic groups are characterized by uniform technological traits, suggesting that current narratives result from an a priori classification of material culture. To verify whether fine ware ceramics were characterized by similar traits, a sample of 33 vessels from a multi-layered, fortified settlement of Kakucs-Turján (Hungary) was analyzed in terms of vessel forms and underlying production processes. The analyses compared the classical local and non-local provenance objects to determine whether the impressionistic categorization of vessels is supported by discrete parameters. The results indicate that similarly to coarse ware, Early and Middle Bronze Age ceramics in the Carpathian Basin was characterized by uniform production processes suggesting the impact of multi-directional and persisting interaction across the Carpathian Basin.
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The ceramic variability of fine ware pottery in Early and Middle Bronze Age Carpathian Basin (2600/ 2500-1500/1450 BCE) has been used as an argument for the existence of distinct, large-scale communities. The recent technological studies... more
The ceramic variability of fine ware pottery in Early and Middle Bronze Age Carpathian Basin (2600/ 2500-1500/1450 BCE) has been used as an argument for the existence of distinct, large-scale communities. The recent technological studies of coarse ware ceramics have shown that different stylistic groups are characterized by uniform technological traits, suggesting that current narratives result from an a priori classification of material culture. To verify whether fine ware ceramics were characterized by similar traits, a sample of 33 vessels from a multi-layered, fortified settlement of Kakucs-Turján (Hungary) was analyzed in terms of vessel forms and underlying production processes. The analyses compared the classical local and non-local provenance objects to determine whether the impressionistic categorization of vessels is supported by discrete parameters. The results indicate that similarly to coarse ware, Early and Middle Bronze Age ceramics in the Carpathian Basin was characterized by uniform production processes suggesting the impact of multi-directional and persisting interaction across the Carpathian Basin.
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Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia, 2009, Special Issue, MAEGS – 16 89-90 Izabella HAVANCSÁK, Bernadett BAJNÓCZI, Mária TÓTH, Attila KREITER & Szilvia SZÖLLŐSI Provenance analysis of Celtic graphitic pottery from... more
Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia, 2009, Special Issue, MAEGS – 16 89-90 Izabella HAVANCSÁK, Bernadett BAJNÓCZI, Mária TÓTH, Attila KREITER & Szilvia SZÖLLŐSI Provenance analysis of Celtic graphitic pottery from Dunaszentgyörgy (South-Hungary) Keywords: ceramic, Celtic, graphitic ware, Bohemian Massif, graphite The Celtic “graphitic ware” is a distinctive type of pottery, known from most parts of the Central European Celtic world. Celtic “graphitic ware” includes graphite-tempered pottery as well as vessels with graphitic coating. Also the pottery forms of “graphitic ware” are variable, but the situla-like pot with decorations of vertically incised bundles of lines is the most common (Kappel, 1969). In the territory of Hungary graphitic situla-like pots were produced in great numbers from the middle La Tène period (Szabó et al., 1999) until the decline of the Celtic dominion (middle of the 1st cent. A.D.). The graphite-bearing ceramics can be found widespread, not only around the graphite occurrences, which suggests extended trade. There is evidence for distribution of raw graphite, graphitic clay as well as finished graphitic vessels, however, the trade of raw graphite is considered to be the most common. Graphite or graphitic raw material is thought to be useful for objects which are constantly exposed to high temperature (Kappel, 1969; Martinón-Torres and Rehren, 2009), but numerous questions are still open regarding its function in the vessels. This study was performed on Celtic graphitic (graphite-bearing) and non-graphitic ceramics from Dunaszentgyörgy archaeological site, which is located in South-Hungary on the flood plain of the Danube river. The main aim of this work is to investigate similarities and differences between raw materials of the graphitic and non-graphitic ceramics and to provide a preliminary outline about the possible provenance of graphite using petrographic and geochemical analyses. The studied non-graphitic sherds mostly belong to cooking pots, bowls, pots, while graphitic ceramic are usually situla-like pots. Graphitic ceramics are usually grey-black, while half of the non-graphitic vessels show sandwich structure (light rim and black core). Graphitic sherds are mostly coarse ceramics, and non-graphitic sherds are semi-fine and fine ceramics (according to the classification of Wentworth, 1922, modified by Ionescu and Ghergari, 2002). Both graphitic and non-graphitic ceramics contain very fine (< 0.1 mm) and fine (0.1–0.25 mm), rarely middle (0.25-1 mm) non-plastic components, mostly quartz, feldspar (K-feldspar and plagioclase), muscovite and calcareous fragments. Numerous apatite and zircon inclusions occur in quartz and feldspar grains in both types of ware. The graphitic ceramics show great variability in the amount (rare to very common) and size (0.25 to 3 mm) of graphite, which appears as opaque, individual fresh flakes in the matrix and also occur in coarse-grained metamorphic lithoclasts consisting of quartz, K-feldspar, sillimanite, kyanite, muscovite, tourmaline and graphite. In comparison with PAAS (Post-Archaean Australian Shale, Taylor and McLennan, 1985), which represents the average fine-grained (clayey-sandy) siliciclastic sediment, the chemical composition of graphitic and non-graphitic ceramics measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was similar, e.g. CaO+MgO – Al2O3 – SiO2 relative ratio is identical in both types. Small enrichment of MnO and FeO concentration compared to non-graphitic ceramics can be identified in the sherds containing abundant graphite, possibly due to biophile character of these elements. Based on the petrographic and chemical data, the raw material of graphitic and non-graphitic wares seems to be very similar. Graphite was intentionally added to the raw material to produce a special type of ware. Mineralogical composition suggest that graphitic lithoclasts are derived from medium to high grade metamorphic rock (paragneiss), which cannot be found in outcrops in the territory of Hungary, therefore graphite had to be imported. The nearest occurrence of graphitic paragneiss can be found in the Moldanubicum zone of the Bohemian Massif (Finger et al., 2007). Compared with the geology of the tectonic subunits and the mineralogical composition of graphite-bearing rocks in the Moldanubicum, the potential source for graphite is presumably located in the Variegated Series, in the area of the Czech Republic. Earlier archaeological evidences also support the long distance (even for several 100 km) trade of graphite in Celtic times (e.g. Michálek, 1993, Gebhard et al., 2004). In addition, recent archaeological ideas prefer transportation of raw graphite instead of finished graphitic ware over long distances (e.g. Meduna, 1998, Sievers, 2006). Since at Dunaszentgyörgy no pottery kiln was found, the production of graphitic and non-graphitic ware possibly occurred in the surroundings of the archaeological site. The raw material could…
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In Hungary, certain site documents, such as the Preliminary Archaeological Documentation (PAD), 30-day report and 1-year report, have to be submitted to centralised institutions. The content and format of these documents are regulated,... more
In Hungary, certain site documents, such as the Preliminary Archaeological Documentation (PAD), 30-day report and 1-year report, have to be submitted to centralised institutions. The content and format of these documents are regulated, facilitating their digital archiving and accessibility. However, further documents (inventories, databases, scientific assessments, interdisciplinary analysis, photos, drawings, etc.), mainly created by the museum that carried out the excavation, may not end up in the designated repositories. Instead, these documents are stored in the local museums that carried out the excavations and/or where the finds are kept.
It is a major problem that there is no officially-appointed, centralised hard copy and/or digital repository in Hungary where all site documents are stored and made accessible. In this respect, there are millions of files stored in museums all over the country that are neither used nor reused and are not accessible, and without the archaeological community, or even central institutions, being aware of them. Another problem is that digital archiving of archaeological documents is not regulated either on a national or local level.
The only repository that includes both metadata and documents in Hungary is the Archaeology Database of the National Museum. This database provides a solution for depositing digital documents, and it could serve as a national repository where documents can be stored and accessed online in one place (through access levels). However, submitting digital documents to the archaeology database is unregulated and it is completely voluntary. The archaeology database has the potential to assist archiving on a national level should it become compulsory to submit documents to it, as its structure was designed in accordance with the protocols and it hosts documents.
It is a major problem that there is no officially-appointed, centralised hard copy and/or digital repository in Hungary where all site documents are stored and made accessible. In this respect, there are millions of files stored in museums all over the country that are neither used nor reused and are not accessible, and without the archaeological community, or even central institutions, being aware of them. Another problem is that digital archiving of archaeological documents is not regulated either on a national or local level.
The only repository that includes both metadata and documents in Hungary is the Archaeology Database of the National Museum. This database provides a solution for depositing digital documents, and it could serve as a national repository where documents can be stored and accessed online in one place (through access levels). However, submitting digital documents to the archaeology database is unregulated and it is completely voluntary. The archaeology database has the potential to assist archiving on a national level should it become compulsory to submit documents to it, as its structure was designed in accordance with the protocols and it hosts documents.
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Kreiter, A., May, Z., Pető, Á., Tóth, M., Bajnóczi, B., Máté, L., Viktorik, O., Szabó, L., Sklánitz, A., Mészáros Kis, Zs., Gődény, M., Cseri, Zs., Raczky, P. 2021. Bucrania revisited: Exploring the chaîne opératoire of bucrania figurines... more
Kreiter, A., May, Z., Pető, Á., Tóth, M., Bajnóczi, B., Máté, L., Viktorik, O., Szabó, L., Sklánitz, A., Mészáros Kis, Zs., Gődény, M., Cseri, Zs., Raczky, P. 2021. Bucrania revisited: Exploring the chaîne opératoire of bucrania figurines of the Körös culture from the 6th Millennium BC.
An Early Neolithic, Körös culture settlement was excavated in 1977–78 at Szolnok-Szanda in the heartland of the Great Hungarian Plain in Hungary. The eastern part of House 4 yielded three stylised bucranium figurines which were originally attached to a four-legged table-like stand. A similar figurine came to light in 1977 at Szajol-Felsőföld, lying a few kilometres from this site. This figurine is highly fragmented and only its upper part remained.
The practice of domestication and animal husbandry are important topics in the Early Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin. However, the technology of cattle representations and the social role of cattle have not been analysed systematically in Hungary. Two of the figurines from Szolnok were not completely reconstructed, revealing that they were created in multiple phases.
In order to better understand the construction of the figurines, computed tomography (CT), microscopic fabric analysis, geochemical and mineralogical analyses (ICP-OES/MS and XRD), and phytolith analysis were undertaken. The various techniques employed in the analysis of the figurines yielded a wealth of information that opens new avenues of interpretation concerning how these objects were made and how they may have been utilised.
The results indicate that the figurines from Szolnok were created during two distinct manufacturing episodes, and that the figurines were fired after the first manufacturing episode, implying that they were utilised, which was followed by another building episode and firing. The application of interdisciplinary methods highlights the complexity of these figurines and the operation of symbolic systems represented by these objects in the Early Neolithic of Hungary.
An Early Neolithic, Körös culture settlement was excavated in 1977–78 at Szolnok-Szanda in the heartland of the Great Hungarian Plain in Hungary. The eastern part of House 4 yielded three stylised bucranium figurines which were originally attached to a four-legged table-like stand. A similar figurine came to light in 1977 at Szajol-Felsőföld, lying a few kilometres from this site. This figurine is highly fragmented and only its upper part remained.
The practice of domestication and animal husbandry are important topics in the Early Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin. However, the technology of cattle representations and the social role of cattle have not been analysed systematically in Hungary. Two of the figurines from Szolnok were not completely reconstructed, revealing that they were created in multiple phases.
In order to better understand the construction of the figurines, computed tomography (CT), microscopic fabric analysis, geochemical and mineralogical analyses (ICP-OES/MS and XRD), and phytolith analysis were undertaken. The various techniques employed in the analysis of the figurines yielded a wealth of information that opens new avenues of interpretation concerning how these objects were made and how they may have been utilised.
The results indicate that the figurines from Szolnok were created during two distinct manufacturing episodes, and that the figurines were fired after the first manufacturing episode, implying that they were utilised, which was followed by another building episode and firing. The application of interdisciplinary methods highlights the complexity of these figurines and the operation of symbolic systems represented by these objects in the Early Neolithic of Hungary.
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Békés 103, a primarily Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600-1280 calBC) cemetery and settlement on the Great Hungarian Plain, has been investigated by the BAKOTA project since 2011. Ceramics from the site are covered in dense white concretions, and... more
Békés 103, a primarily Middle Bronze Age (c. 1600-1280 calBC) cemetery and settlement on the Great Hungarian Plain, has been investigated by the BAKOTA project since 2011. Ceramics from the site are covered in dense white concretions, and it has been noted during compositional analyses that these vessels exhibit elevated concentrations of several potentially mobile elements in comparison to vessels from regional tell sites. Here, we use a multimethod (optical mineralogy, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, PXRF, SEM-EDS, and LA-ICP-MS) mineralogical and chemical approach to characterize the composition of surface encrustations on ceramics samples from Békés 103. We also chemically map interior paste composition using LA-ICP-MS to identify potential leaching of mobile elements into or out of vessel bodies. We demonstrate that the surface encrustations are primarily composed of calcite but also contain a variety of other mineral and organic constituents indicative of deposition of soil carbonates, phosphates, nitrates, and other inorganic and organic components. We further document the leaching of several mobile elements into ceramic pastes as well as formation of secondary calcite along void, pore, and temper boundaries. The presence of cremated bone and possibly bone ash in close vicinity to many of the studied vessels may also have contributed to the observed patterns of diagenesis. It is likely that similar post-burial processes might affect ceramics from other sites located in low-lying, seasonally inundated contexts.
Research Interests: Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Hungarian Archaeology, portable XRF (PXRF) in Archaeology and Museum Science, and 8 moreLA-ICP-MS, PXRF, XRD Crystallography, XRD, Petrography and Diagenesis, pXRF Applications in Archaeology, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA ICP MS), and pXRF analysis
This study describes and discusses an old find from a wholly new perspective. The non-local fragment or fragments represent imports or imitations that can be linked to the Funnel Beaker culture and not to Kostolác, Coţofeni, Livezile or... more
This study describes and discusses an old find from a wholly new perspective. The non-local fragment or fragments represent imports or imitations that can be linked to the Funnel Beaker culture and not to Kostolác, Coţofeni, Livezile or Bošáca as originally suggested by József Korek. The hallmarks distinctive to the culture are the ornamented rim exterior and rim interior, the zigzag motif under the rim and the ladder motif on the belly. However, the channelling on the belly is a typical Baden trait, which has not been noted on Funnel Beaker vessels to date. The best and closest analogies can be cited from the Baden settlement at Oldalfala/Stránska-Mogyorós, where they were erroneously identified as Coţofeni/Livezile imports. The occurrence of Funnel Beaker pottery on several sites on the southern fringes of the Western Carpathians suggests a more complex situation; however, their stratigraphic contexts on these multi-period , stratified sites remain unclear due to the field techniques employed during the old excavations. The determination of the exact
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Influences of Lengyel origin in the Late Neolithic of the Great Hungarian Plain. First results from the excavations at Pusztataskony-Ledence 1. Appendix: Petrographic analysis of ceramics from a grave and the settlement of the Tisza... more
Influences of Lengyel origin in the Late Neolithic of the Great Hungarian Plain. First results from the excavations at Pusztataskony-Ledence 1. Appendix: Petrographic analysis of ceramics from a grave and the settlement of the Tisza culture at Pusztataskony-Ledence 1
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One of the most salient traits of a major milestone in European history, the shift to a Neolithic lifestyle in Central Europe and the associated social changes, was the emergence of pottery production. The main goal of the research... more
One of the most salient traits of a major milestone in European history, the shift to a Neolithic lifestyle in Central Europe and the associated social changes, was the emergence of pottery production. The main goal of the research project described here is the study of Neolithic pottery production from a complex perspective and the addressing of the associated distinctive social activity types and potential range of meanings during the period from the late Starčevo to the appearance of the Lengyel culture (5500-4900 cal BC). The springboard for our project was the series of intensely investigated sites in southern Transdanubia, a region that acted as a contact zone between the Neolithic communities of Central Europe and the northern Balkans, and thus played a key role in the neolithisation of Central Europe. The research findings from this region are complemented and compared with the data from various sites along the Danube. Aside from our academic colleagues, our research results can be of interest to the broader public too, and our reconstructions of various artefacts and the documentation of our archaeological experiments can be later used as illustrations to museum exhibits. The expected results can be fitted into the broad picture outlined by other research conducted on these sites and offer an exceptionally detailed picture of how the region's settlements developed during the second half of the 6th millennium BC.
Research Interests: Prehistoric Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Neolithic Archaeology, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Prehistoric Europe (Archaeology), and 8 moreNeolithic Europe, Prehistory, Neolithic, Early Neolithic pottery technology, Neolithic of the Carpathian Basin, Pottery technology and function, LBK pottery, and Vinca culture
Európa története egyik döntő mozzanatának, az újkőkori életmód közép-európai megjelenésének és az azzal szorosan összefüggő társadalmi változásoknak az egyik legfontosabb jellemzője a kerámiakészítés megjelenése. A jelen tanulmányban... more
Európa története egyik döntő mozzanatának, az újkőkori életmód közép-európai megjelenésének és az azzal szorosan összefüggő társadalmi változásoknak az egyik legfontosabb jellemzője a kerámiakészítés megjelenése. A jelen tanulmányban bemutatott kutatási program alapvető célja az újkőkori kerámiakészítés-összetett szemléletmódú, a hozzá kapcsolódó sajátos társadalmi cselekvéstípusokra és jelentéstartalomra is vonatkozó kérdéseket felvető-kutatása a Starčevo-kultúra késői időszaka és a lengyeli kultúra meg-jelenése közötti periódusban (Kr. e. 5500-4900 cal BC). A kutatás kiindulási területét a közép-európai neolitizáció szempontjából is kulcsfontosságú, a közép-európai és balkáni újkőkori közösségek érintkezési zónájaként definiálható, és az elmúlt évtizedben intenzíven kutatott dél-dunántúli régiók lelőhelyei képezik. Az innen származó eredményeket további Duna menti lelőhelyek adataival egészítjük ki, illetve hasonlítjuk össze. A kutatás eredményei a szűk szakmai közösség mellett szélesebb kör érdeklődésére is számot tarthatnak; az elkészült tárgyrekonstrukciók, illetve a régészeti kísérletek dokumentációja később hiteles múzeumi illusztrációként szolgálhatnak. A várható eredmények jól összhangba hozhatók a vonatkozó lelőhelyeken folytatott egyéb kutatásokkal is, kivételesen komplex képet alkotva a térség településeinek fejlődéséről a Kr. e.6. évezred második felében.
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Key words: ceramic petrography, Pannonian Encrusted pottery, Litzen/Kisapostag pottery, raw material, tempering material, grog temper
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Due to copyright issues unfortunately it is not possible to make the complete article accessible here. If you are interested in a copy please contact me.
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Due to copyright issues unfortunately it is not possible to make the complete article accessible here. If you are interested in a copy please contact me.
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Ironworking of the Avar Period in the scope of interdisciplinary research – Archeometrical investigation of the finds from Zamárdi-Kútvölgyi dűlő and Kaposvár-Fészerlak sites: A three-year research project has been carried out since... more
Ironworking of the Avar Period in the scope of interdisciplinary research – Archeometrical investigation of the finds from Zamárdi-Kútvölgyi dűlő and Kaposvár-Fészerlak sites:
A three-year research project has been carried out since 2015 by our interdisciplinary research group. The
majority of archaeometrical research is carried out by the related institutes at the University of Miskolc, but
other research organisations were also involved.
A fundamentally archaeometrical objective of the project is to perform a complex materials testing of the
archaeological finds that completely cover the fields of the professional activities of Avar Age ironworking, as
well as ceramic production, plant and animal remains.
The research programme is based on the unique Avar archaeological sites of Zamárdi-Kútvölgy and KaposvárFészerlak,
where iron metallurgical centres were found. The general aim of our research programme is to gain a
better understanding of Avar Age iron production technology and the artisans' environmental knowledge both in
a national and international context. By analysing archaeological, technological, archaeometrical and
archaeometallurgical data, we try to reconstruct Avar Age iron production from the preparation of ores to the
formation of iron artifacts.
This study presents the materials testing of the slag finds and iron artefacts (chemical analysis (XRF, ICP),
macro- and microstructural analysis (OM, SEM-EDS), mineralogical analysis (XRD)) as well as ceramic
petrographic and archaeobotanical analyses. Different slag types and their metallurgical roles, as well as the
fundamental manufacturing processes, applied by the Avars, were identified. We concluded that the nature of
archaeometallurgical sites can be confidently determined by the typological examination
A three-year research project has been carried out since 2015 by our interdisciplinary research group. The
majority of archaeometrical research is carried out by the related institutes at the University of Miskolc, but
other research organisations were also involved.
A fundamentally archaeometrical objective of the project is to perform a complex materials testing of the
archaeological finds that completely cover the fields of the professional activities of Avar Age ironworking, as
well as ceramic production, plant and animal remains.
The research programme is based on the unique Avar archaeological sites of Zamárdi-Kútvölgy and KaposvárFészerlak,
where iron metallurgical centres were found. The general aim of our research programme is to gain a
better understanding of Avar Age iron production technology and the artisans' environmental knowledge both in
a national and international context. By analysing archaeological, technological, archaeometrical and
archaeometallurgical data, we try to reconstruct Avar Age iron production from the preparation of ores to the
formation of iron artifacts.
This study presents the materials testing of the slag finds and iron artefacts (chemical analysis (XRF, ICP),
macro- and microstructural analysis (OM, SEM-EDS), mineralogical analysis (XRD)) as well as ceramic
petrographic and archaeobotanical analyses. Different slag types and their metallurgical roles, as well as the
fundamental manufacturing processes, applied by the Avars, were identified. We concluded that the nature of
archaeometallurgical sites can be confidently determined by the typological examination
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Following the typological evaluation of the various fast wheeled, slow wheeled and hand formed pottery revealed at the Avar Age settlement of Daruszentmiklós F05, 58 samples were chosen and subjected to petrographic, XRD and XRF analyses.... more
Following the typological evaluation of the various fast wheeled, slow wheeled and hand formed pottery revealed at the Avar Age settlement of Daruszentmiklós F05, 58 samples were chosen and subjected to petrographic, XRD and XRF analyses. The study compares the results of the archaeological and archaeometric investigations, and evaluates the relationship between the groups created by archaeological, petrographic and geochemical methods. The petrographic results available from other Avar Age sites have also been taken into consideration. By these means unexpected correlations could be observed. Finally, an attempt has been made to reconstruct former ceramic manufacturing practices, and draw conclusions regarding the possible ways of social organization of the time.
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Ceramic Technology, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, Ceramics (Archaeology), and 6 moreArchaeology of the Avars, Ceramic Petrography, Pottery technology and function, XRD Crystallography, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, and Pottery Firing Techniques
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The Late Neolithic period (5000–4500 BCE) of the Carpathian Basin is characterised by two major cultural complexes: the Lengyel culture inwestern Hungary and the Tisza–Herpály–Csőszhalomcomplex in eastern Hungary. The occupation area of... more
The Late Neolithic period (5000–4500 BCE) of the Carpathian Basin is characterised by two major cultural complexes: the Lengyel culture inwestern Hungary and the Tisza–Herpály–Csőszhalomcomplex in eastern Hungary. The occupation area of the two cultural complexes had a ‘common border’ along a large area in recent northern Hungary, from the Danube River to the Upper Tisza River region. Their relationships are indicated in the mixed nature of their material culture, settlement types and mortuary practices. The focus of this paper is the site of Aszód-Papi földek, whichwas situated in the borderlands. A peculiarity of this site is that a considerable number of the ceramic finds represent typological forms and decorations characteristic of both the Lengyel and Tisza cultures. Lengyel and Tisza ceramics appear together in the settlement features and graves, and no spatial or chronological distinction has been identified between themor the features containing them. The number of Tisza and Lengyel vessels appearing together indicates that this site could have been a meeting point for the cultures. The mixed nature of the ceramic assemblage at Aszód therefore has profound implications concerning the cultural relationships in Late Neolithic Hungary. In order to better understand Lengyel and Tisza relationships at Aszód, ceramic
petrographic analyses were carried out on 68 ceramic samples from the site and on seven local sediment samples. The results indicate that both Lengyel and Tisza vesselswere made fromlocally available rawmaterials,
and there was no technological distinction between them. Only stylistic features can be used to distinguish between Lengyel and Tisza vessels. The similarities between Lengyel and Tisza ceramic technologies could only have existed if there was a more complex social relationship and interaction between the people and communities who produced these two pottery styles than has previously been assumed. The results are also compared with other, previously analysed, sites, showing that the ceramic technology at Aszód corresponds wellwith technological
results from other Late Neolithic sites. The Late Neolithic period witnessed considerable changes in ceramic technology, namely a sharp increase in grog tempering and also a sharp decrease in chaff tempering. These changes distinguish this period from the Early and Middle Neolithic in Hungary, which are also represented at Aszód.
petrographic analyses were carried out on 68 ceramic samples from the site and on seven local sediment samples. The results indicate that both Lengyel and Tisza vesselswere made fromlocally available rawmaterials,
and there was no technological distinction between them. Only stylistic features can be used to distinguish between Lengyel and Tisza vessels. The similarities between Lengyel and Tisza ceramic technologies could only have existed if there was a more complex social relationship and interaction between the people and communities who produced these two pottery styles than has previously been assumed. The results are also compared with other, previously analysed, sites, showing that the ceramic technology at Aszód corresponds wellwith technological
results from other Late Neolithic sites. The Late Neolithic period witnessed considerable changes in ceramic technology, namely a sharp increase in grog tempering and also a sharp decrease in chaff tempering. These changes distinguish this period from the Early and Middle Neolithic in Hungary, which are also represented at Aszód.
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This paper deals with the archaeological material of a Scythian Age settlement excavated near Nagytarcsa in 2007. Located on the higher terrace of a stream, the site represents a characteristic lowland, hamlet-like settlement of the... more
This paper deals with the archaeological material of a Scythian Age settlement excavated near Nagytarcsa in 2007. Located on the higher terrace of a stream, the site represents a characteristic lowland, hamlet-like settlement of the Vekerzug culture, where animal husbandry played an important role in subsistence. Based on diagnostic ceramic finds and radiocarbon dating the settlement can be assigned to the Ha D2 period. The archaeological description, as well as the evaluation of settlement features and finds, is supplemented with a detailed petrographic analysis with an emphasis on wheel-thrown and Hallstatt type ceramics. The petrographic and geochemical analysis of the sherds and sediments collected on the site aim to confirm archaeological interpretations in order to determine the provenance of the ceramics and to assess whether their technological characteristics suggest specialization in production.
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In this paper the petrographic analysis of Árpádian Age ceramics were carried out from Szombathely-Zanat Trátai-dűlő and Szombathely Országúti-dűlő archaeological sites. The two sites represent two parts of the same settlement.... more
In this paper the petrographic analysis of Árpádian Age ceramics were carried out from Szombathely-Zanat Trátai-dűlő and Szombathely Országúti-dűlő archaeological sites. The two sites represent two parts of the same settlement. Ninety-five ceramics were chosen for petrographic analysis from the two settlement parts. All the analysed vessels were made on the slow wheel; no other forming method could be identified.
The aim of petrographic analysis is to provide an insight into ceramic technological practices, in particular raw material preferences and tempering. Apart from the detailed analysis of these technological practices we also compare the two settlement parts and assess whether ceramic technology changed between the 10th and 13th centuries and if there were specific choices in the use of raw materials and tempers between the 10th and 13th centuries.
Petrographic compositional groups are very similar between the two settlement parts. According to petrographic analysis the examined ceramics were made from very similar raw materials. Thus, ceramics were made in a very similar way in the two settlement parts and characteristic technological differences could not be identified. Ceramics at both settlement parts can be characterised by variable sand/pebble tempering. These practices were used contemporarily, although fabric groups show high variability in the amount of sand and pebble tempering. Even though ceramic raw materials show high variability, their characteristics are similar (sand and pebble tempering), thus the ceramic technology did not show any identifiable change between the 10th and 13th centuries indicating a strong ceramic technological continuity in the examined period.
The aim of petrographic analysis is to provide an insight into ceramic technological practices, in particular raw material preferences and tempering. Apart from the detailed analysis of these technological practices we also compare the two settlement parts and assess whether ceramic technology changed between the 10th and 13th centuries and if there were specific choices in the use of raw materials and tempers between the 10th and 13th centuries.
Petrographic compositional groups are very similar between the two settlement parts. According to petrographic analysis the examined ceramics were made from very similar raw materials. Thus, ceramics were made in a very similar way in the two settlement parts and characteristic technological differences could not be identified. Ceramics at both settlement parts can be characterised by variable sand/pebble tempering. These practices were used contemporarily, although fabric groups show high variability in the amount of sand and pebble tempering. Even though ceramic raw materials show high variability, their characteristics are similar (sand and pebble tempering), thus the ceramic technology did not show any identifiable change between the 10th and 13th centuries indicating a strong ceramic technological continuity in the examined period.
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The excavation of the cemetery (Dunaszentgyörgy-Kaszás tanya, RM-20) was carried out by Csaba Kálmán Kiss prior to the construction of the M6 Motorway in 2009. During the excavation 372 graves came to light representing the Middle and... more
The excavation of the cemetery (Dunaszentgyörgy-Kaszás tanya, RM-20) was carried out by Csaba Kálmán Kiss prior to the construction of the M6 Motorway in 2009. During the excavation 372 graves came to light representing the Middle and Late Avar periods. Approximately two-third or three-quarter of the cemetery was excavated. From the 372 graves, 75 contained ceramics. Altogether 82 ceramics came to light, 47.5% of which are fast-wheeled, 9.8% are slow-wheeled and 42.7% are hand-built. The ceramic assemblage represents all the vessel types that are characteristic of south-east Transdanubia. Therefore, possible relationships between each pottery types could be examined through the 74 samples which were selected for petrographic analysis. Petrographic analysis was supplemented by XRD analysis on 29 samples and by XRF analyses on 30 samples. The results suggest that fast-wheeled grey, yellow and black vessels were made by specialists, probably in workshops. Specialisation is indicated by the unified technology and raw material of each ceramic type. Vessels made by higher technological standards were also fired in higher temperatures (800–900 °C). The composition of black ceramics, showing sand and pebble tempering, may correlate with their functions since these were also used for cooking. XRF analysis shows that some of the fast-wheeled grey
and black vessels may not have been made locally, these may have been imported. Apart from the possibly non-local fabric group, other fabrics seem to cover the whole area of the cemetery. This implies that ceramics were made in a similar manner for a long period; ceramics were made in similar qualities through several generations. Slow-wheeled vessels represent a transition towards the fast wheel technique. Their technological relationship with fast-wheeled black vessels indicates that their fast-wheeled production was preceded by an ‘experimenting phase’. Hand-built vessels were most probably made in households and no specialised production was identified for this ceramic type. The majority of hand-built vessels belong to the first fabric group, in which fast-wheeled black and grey vessels are also present indicating that this raw material was also used by local workshops.
and black vessels may not have been made locally, these may have been imported. Apart from the possibly non-local fabric group, other fabrics seem to cover the whole area of the cemetery. This implies that ceramics were made in a similar manner for a long period; ceramics were made in similar qualities through several generations. Slow-wheeled vessels represent a transition towards the fast wheel technique. Their technological relationship with fast-wheeled black vessels indicates that their fast-wheeled production was preceded by an ‘experimenting phase’. Hand-built vessels were most probably made in households and no specialised production was identified for this ceramic type. The majority of hand-built vessels belong to the first fabric group, in which fast-wheeled black and grey vessels are also present indicating that this raw material was also used by local workshops.
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Excavations on the Neolithic site of Balatonszárszó-Kis-erdei-dűlő, located in western Hungary in central Transdanubia, on the southern shore of Lake Balaton, revealed several thousand features. On the basis of material culture and... more
Excavations on the Neolithic site of Balatonszárszó-Kis-erdei-dűlő, located in western Hungary in central Transdanubia, on the southern shore of Lake Balaton, revealed several thousand features. On the basis of material culture and architectural features, the settlement can be assigned to the Central European Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK; ca. 5,350–5,000/4,900 cal. BC). Apart from pits, traces of 48 houses were discovered. At least 14 other sets of features could also be interpreted as houses, mainly through the presence of characteristic elongated pits.
In the first model of the site’s development, five pottery style groups were distinguished on the basis of stylistic elements such as shape and decoration. These style groups show a spatial pattern within the settlement. Their major characteristics are easy to correlate with traditional typochronological units of the LBK in the western Carpathian Basin. Although chronological relevance can be attributed to the groups, certain typological and stylistic attributes had a long duration and appear in different style groups.
For the purposes of this study, eight houses and their associated features were selected. The ceramics from these features are characteristic of each style group. The aim was to examine the technology of ceramics, in particular choices in raw materials and intentionally added tempers, as well as building techniques.
During a previous analysis of ceramics from the settlement, 461 sherds were chosen for macroscopic analysis, from which 131 samples were selected for further petrographic thin section analysis. Of these samples, 99 come from the eight houses and pits examined in this study. These features produced a total of 9,161 sherds. As part of the analysis of vessel building techniques, all the available material
from the examined houses was assessed, out of which 109 vessels could be attributed to a forming method.
Ceramic petrographic results show that there is a clear change in ceramic technology at household level. The earliest houses of the site show little variability in choices of raw materials and tempers, while houses of Style groups 2–5 show increased choice in raw materials and purposefully added tempers. As far as vessel fashioning is concerned, an opposite trend can be observed. Style group 1 ceramics show considerable variety in technical practices, with at least three forming methods, while ceramics in Style groups 2–3 and 5 are characterized by only one or two forming methods. Thus it seems that variability in building methods slightly decreased towards the end of the settlement.
Ceramic technological changes could be identified on a household level, providing an insight into settlement dynamics. These patterns in the use of raw materials/tempers and building methods may be related to the fact that producers came from different learning networks and had different conceptions of how to build a culturally appropriate vessel. The strength of analysing ceramic technologies on a household level is that we are able to model where ceramic technological changes first appeared within a given settlement and we can assess the nature of these changes. In turn, these patterns can be correlated with typochronology and the analysis of other types of material culture from the part of the site where the changes appeared. In this way we can improve our understanding of settlement dynamics and social changes.
In the first model of the site’s development, five pottery style groups were distinguished on the basis of stylistic elements such as shape and decoration. These style groups show a spatial pattern within the settlement. Their major characteristics are easy to correlate with traditional typochronological units of the LBK in the western Carpathian Basin. Although chronological relevance can be attributed to the groups, certain typological and stylistic attributes had a long duration and appear in different style groups.
For the purposes of this study, eight houses and their associated features were selected. The ceramics from these features are characteristic of each style group. The aim was to examine the technology of ceramics, in particular choices in raw materials and intentionally added tempers, as well as building techniques.
During a previous analysis of ceramics from the settlement, 461 sherds were chosen for macroscopic analysis, from which 131 samples were selected for further petrographic thin section analysis. Of these samples, 99 come from the eight houses and pits examined in this study. These features produced a total of 9,161 sherds. As part of the analysis of vessel building techniques, all the available material
from the examined houses was assessed, out of which 109 vessels could be attributed to a forming method.
Ceramic petrographic results show that there is a clear change in ceramic technology at household level. The earliest houses of the site show little variability in choices of raw materials and tempers, while houses of Style groups 2–5 show increased choice in raw materials and purposefully added tempers. As far as vessel fashioning is concerned, an opposite trend can be observed. Style group 1 ceramics show considerable variety in technical practices, with at least three forming methods, while ceramics in Style groups 2–3 and 5 are characterized by only one or two forming methods. Thus it seems that variability in building methods slightly decreased towards the end of the settlement.
Ceramic technological changes could be identified on a household level, providing an insight into settlement dynamics. These patterns in the use of raw materials/tempers and building methods may be related to the fact that producers came from different learning networks and had different conceptions of how to build a culturally appropriate vessel. The strength of analysing ceramic technologies on a household level is that we are able to model where ceramic technological changes first appeared within a given settlement and we can assess the nature of these changes. In turn, these patterns can be correlated with typochronology and the analysis of other types of material culture from the part of the site where the changes appeared. In this way we can improve our understanding of settlement dynamics and social changes.
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A régészeti feltárások során összegyűlt anyagok bekerülnek a múzeumok raktáraiba, a legszebb, szerencsésebb darabok esetleg egy kiállításban végzik. De mi van a többi leletanyaggal és azzal a sok dokumentációval, ami a lelőhelyekről... more
A régészeti feltárások során összegyűlt anyagok bekerülnek a múzeumok raktáraiba, a legszebb, szerencsésebb darabok esetleg egy kiállításban végzik. De mi van a többi leletanyaggal és azzal a sok dokumentációval, ami a lelőhelyekről készült? Hogyan hasznosulnak ezek a régészeten belül, vagy hogyan válnak ismertté az érdeklődők számára? Gondoljunk csak bele! Ez olyan, mintha a Google megírta volna az indexelő algoritmusát, de közben elfelejtette volna a keresőt hozzáfejleszteni...
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From the site at Vác Piac utca, twenty-two ceramic samples were chosen for petrographic analysis. The aim of the analysis was to assess possible changes in the raw materials and tempering of ceramics in the 13th- and 14th centuries, in... more
From the site at Vác Piac utca, twenty-two ceramic samples were chosen for petrographic analysis. The aim of the analysis was to assess possible changes in the raw materials and tempering of ceramics in the 13th- and 14th centuries, in the 15th- and 16th centuries, then in the 6th- and 17th centuries. We also analysed whether the ceramics, which on
the basis of typology could be considered to be imported, could indeed have been imported. In the analysed assemblage 15th-century red pots represent a characteristic group. In the case of this ceramic group we analysed whether they represent a homogeneous group in terms of their raw materials, or they represent a technologically different group from the rest of the analysed ceramics.
the basis of typology could be considered to be imported, could indeed have been imported. In the analysed assemblage 15th-century red pots represent a characteristic group. In the case of this ceramic group we analysed whether they represent a homogeneous group in terms of their raw materials, or they represent a technologically different group from the rest of the analysed ceramics.
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Past studies of ceramic craft networks focussed mainly on typological and stylistic traits. In recent decades, however, researchers have been able to study the ceramic chaîne opératoire in detail, and detect technological transmission of... more
Past studies of ceramic craft networks focussed mainly on typological and stylistic traits. In recent decades, however, researchers have been able to study the ceramic chaîne opératoire in detail, and detect technological transmission of knowledge. Increasing use of archaeometric techniques [e.g. polarised microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman, X-ray diffraction, trace element analyses], together with GIS and anthropological methods, allow individual and collective choices to be recognised. The craft network is an essential tool to understand how knowledge is transferred. Patterns of technological and stylistic choices underpin archaeological 'cultures', and suggest links between individuals located far apart. Knowledge networks are embedded in this process and entangled with the production of material culture. Studying the chaîne opératoire is essential to understanding where innovations emerged, and how they spread and interacted with local traditions. Shared technological knowledge implies shared values. Cross-cultural consensus emerges on what constitute culturally accepted ceramic products, even if these objects were conceptualised and valued very differently. This session focusses on craft network and technological tradition patterns in Eurasia in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic. Presentations should consider how communities adapt to and adopt new ceramic traditions through knowledge transfers and exchange networks and how exchange was embedded in social relations.
Keywords: Craft networking, Change and innovation, Ceramic chaîne opératoire, Technological traditions/Knowledge transfer, Neolithic/Chalcolithic, Eurasia
Keywords: Craft networking, Change and innovation, Ceramic chaîne opératoire, Technological traditions/Knowledge transfer, Neolithic/Chalcolithic, Eurasia
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The Hungarian National Museum developed an online Archaeology Database for researchers, field archaeologists, museum curators and members of the public. The database is part of ARIADNE. ARIADNE brings together and integrates existing... more
The Hungarian National Museum developed an online Archaeology Database for researchers, field archaeologists, museum curators and members of the public.
The database is part of ARIADNE. ARIADNE brings together and integrates existing archaeological research data infrastructures so that researchers can use the various distributed datasets and new and powerful technologies as an integral component of the archaeological research methodology.
The database is part of ARIADNE. ARIADNE brings together and integrates existing archaeological research data infrastructures so that researchers can use the various distributed datasets and new and powerful technologies as an integral component of the archaeological research methodology.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Historical Archaeology, and 15 moreLandscape Archaeology, Archaeozoology, Archaeological Method & Theory, Medieval Archaeology, Funerary Archaeology, Archaeological GIS, Neolithic Archaeology, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Archaeometry, Remote sensing and GIS applications in Landscape Research, Iron Age, Copper age, Archaemetallurgy, Stone, and Roman Archaeology
In the Late Copper Age radical changes in rituals, the appearance of new pottery forms and wheeled vehicles are important novelties. The presence of the so-called “Danube Corridor” as an interface area through which new cultural... more
In the Late Copper Age radical changes in rituals, the appearance of new pottery forms and wheeled vehicles are important novelties. The presence of the so-called “Danube Corridor” as an interface area through which new cultural connections could be established, served as a precondition for the abovementioned changes, and started at the Earlier Phase of the Late Copper Age.
The emergence of the so called `Protoboleraz horizon` in the Great Hungarian Plain is signalled by the appearance of the Furchenstich pottery as well as more common types of ceramics. It would be, however, an oversimplification to identify this phase as having its roots in Transdanubia solely on the basis of the Transdanubian pottery types present at the sites.
A chronological as well as spatial review of the so called `Protoboleraz` assemblages may contribute to a more precise understanding of later archaeological phases and their already better explored phenomena.
The presentation focuses on the transitional period of the Middle-Late Copper Age in a yet unexplored region, namely the northern part of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, an area scarcely mentioned in studies dedicated to the Copper Age.
The emergence of the so called `Protoboleraz horizon` in the Great Hungarian Plain is signalled by the appearance of the Furchenstich pottery as well as more common types of ceramics. It would be, however, an oversimplification to identify this phase as having its roots in Transdanubia solely on the basis of the Transdanubian pottery types present at the sites.
A chronological as well as spatial review of the so called `Protoboleraz` assemblages may contribute to a more precise understanding of later archaeological phases and their already better explored phenomena.
The presentation focuses on the transitional period of the Middle-Late Copper Age in a yet unexplored region, namely the northern part of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, an area scarcely mentioned in studies dedicated to the Copper Age.
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The appearance of wheeled pottery around 600 BC in the ceramic material of Scythian influenced Alföld (or also known as Vekerzug) group in the Carpathian Basin is usually interpreted as Greek influenced technological adaptation mediated... more
The appearance of wheeled pottery around 600 BC in the ceramic material of Scythian influenced Alföld (or also known as Vekerzug) group in the Carpathian Basin is usually interpreted as Greek influenced technological adaptation mediated by the communities of the forested-steppes zone. On the basis of the large number of wheeled pottery local production was suggested, however this hypothesis has never been explicitly demonstrated.
This presentation summarizes the results of pottery analyses based mainly on the ceramic material of a recently excavated Middle Iron Age settlement in the outskirts of Nagytarcsa (N Hungary). Forty-four sherds were selected from the ceramic material of the settlement, which were examined by the usual typological methods of archaeology and were also submitted for petrographic thin section analysis. Ceramic petrographic analysis was also supplemented by the petrographic analysis of sediments, which were collected at the site. Three sherds, characteristic of the Alföld/Vekerzug group (a wheel-made biconical pot or plate, a hand-built bowl with inverted rim and a hand-built barrel-shaped pot), were also analysed by LA-ICP-MS and XRD analyses to identify possible connections and variations between the raw materials and tempers in the different ceramic types. The outcome of this research is compared with the preliminary results of ceramic thin-section petrographic analysis of another Middle Iron Age settlement in North East Hungary. One of the aims of our analyses was to determine the provenance of the ceramics and to assess whether the technological characteristics postulate the former existence of specialized workshop at the site, since wheel-made wares required distinctive technological knowledge.
This presentation summarizes the results of pottery analyses based mainly on the ceramic material of a recently excavated Middle Iron Age settlement in the outskirts of Nagytarcsa (N Hungary). Forty-four sherds were selected from the ceramic material of the settlement, which were examined by the usual typological methods of archaeology and were also submitted for petrographic thin section analysis. Ceramic petrographic analysis was also supplemented by the petrographic analysis of sediments, which were collected at the site. Three sherds, characteristic of the Alföld/Vekerzug group (a wheel-made biconical pot or plate, a hand-built bowl with inverted rim and a hand-built barrel-shaped pot), were also analysed by LA-ICP-MS and XRD analyses to identify possible connections and variations between the raw materials and tempers in the different ceramic types. The outcome of this research is compared with the preliminary results of ceramic thin-section petrographic analysis of another Middle Iron Age settlement in North East Hungary. One of the aims of our analyses was to determine the provenance of the ceramics and to assess whether the technological characteristics postulate the former existence of specialized workshop at the site, since wheel-made wares required distinctive technological knowledge.
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"This presentation addresses an innovative application of a tried and trusted methodology to the problem of ‘orphan sherds’ – the term which Schiffer used to denote sherds from incomplete vessels but without any on-site refits. Tracking... more
"This presentation addresses an innovative application of a tried and trusted methodology to the problem of ‘orphan sherds’ – the term which Schiffer used to denote sherds from incomplete vessels but without any on-site refits. Tracking the shared provenance of ‘orphan sherds’ has been a strategy widely employed by field archaeologists, mainly looking for stratigraphical or temporal conclusions. This paper is aimed at broadening the discussion and improving the scope of such operation by means of: a) the development of a systematic, reliable method of assessing whether similar sherds with no physical refitting derive from the same vessel; and b) the use of petrographic analysis to verify the derivation of non-conjoint sherds from the same original vessel. This study necessarily involves the consideration of its implications for site formation processes, which, in turn, involve a test of the deliberate fragmentation premise stated by Chapman & Gaydarska. The sample selected derives from the Early Neolithic site of La Lámpara (Soria, Spain), one of the earliest ceramic assemblages known from westernmost Europe – occupied from ca. 5800 cal BC.
In the first stage, a complete refitting experiment was carried out in the Museum of Soria (Spain) using the whole ceramic assemblage of 1,349 sherds. This task enabled the recognition of a number of direct or physically matching sherds - mostly intra-feature but also cross-feature refits. On the other hand, several probable but not conjoining refits have been identified based on their decorative and technological similarities. For the second stage, a series of 17 ceramic samples was selected from different pits to test the previous observations on non-conjoint re-fitting. The samples include a variety of post-breakage alterations, including weathering and calcite accretions. Thin-sections from these samples were made and studied petrographically in the Laboratory for Conservation and Applied Research, National Heritage Protection Centre (Budapest).
The results show the reliability of the proposed method of assessing the visual association of non-conjoint sherds. Especially useful here were technological criteria such as the building technique, type, amount, size, roundness and sorting of inclusions, and raw material preparation such as the distribution of inclusions in the fabric, and the presence of cracks or air bubbles within the fabric. Another important finding was that some of the mentioned post-breakage alterations do not seem to detract from the applicability of the method, which enables matching of sherds with contrasting physical appearance, which otherwise would have been ruled out as possible refits.
"
In the first stage, a complete refitting experiment was carried out in the Museum of Soria (Spain) using the whole ceramic assemblage of 1,349 sherds. This task enabled the recognition of a number of direct or physically matching sherds - mostly intra-feature but also cross-feature refits. On the other hand, several probable but not conjoining refits have been identified based on their decorative and technological similarities. For the second stage, a series of 17 ceramic samples was selected from different pits to test the previous observations on non-conjoint re-fitting. The samples include a variety of post-breakage alterations, including weathering and calcite accretions. Thin-sections from these samples were made and studied petrographically in the Laboratory for Conservation and Applied Research, National Heritage Protection Centre (Budapest).
The results show the reliability of the proposed method of assessing the visual association of non-conjoint sherds. Especially useful here were technological criteria such as the building technique, type, amount, size, roundness and sorting of inclusions, and raw material preparation such as the distribution of inclusions in the fabric, and the presence of cracks or air bubbles within the fabric. Another important finding was that some of the mentioned post-breakage alterations do not seem to detract from the applicability of the method, which enables matching of sherds with contrasting physical appearance, which otherwise would have been ruled out as possible refits.
"
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Bodnár, Cs., Kreiter, A., May, Z., Pánczél, P., Tóth, M. Mészbetétes kerámia az Alföldön – helyi vagy idegen? A tószeg-laposhalmi tell-település kerámiaanyagának összehasonlító archeometriai vizsgálata - Encrusted pottery in eastern... more
Bodnár, Cs., Kreiter, A., May, Z., Pánczél, P., Tóth, M. Mészbetétes kerámia az Alföldön – helyi vagy idegen? A tószeg-laposhalmi tell-település kerámiaanyagának összehasonlító archeometriai vizsgálata - Encrusted pottery in eastern contexts: "foreign" or local? A case study of the pottery from Tószeg-Laposhalom tell settlement – a comparative archeometrical approach. "A bronzkor kutatásának helyzete Magyarországon" MTA BTK Régészeti Intézet és ELTE BTK Régészettudományi Intézet, Budapest 2014. december 17-18.
In this paper we are going to focus on the issues of origin, function and meaning of encrusted pottery found and distributed in Early Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age archaeological contexts on the Great Hungarian Plain. It has been recognised for a long time that vessels with encrusted decorational techniques and motives of Kisapostag and Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery style had also appeared in the eastern Carpathian Basin in the remains of various contemporaneous sites, where they seem to be rare and "foreign". In connection with this phenomenon many explanations have been developed. The most frequent interpretations consider these vessels as imports which originated from the western Carpathian Basin, either as the material remains of groups of people moving from Transdanubia to the east, or as a special kind of trade ware which was exchanged for its own aesthetic value, or for its content.
The central issue of the presentation aims to examine the meaning of the term "foreign" in the case of this pottery group. We will address the following questions: 1) Were these encrusted vessels found in eastern contexts real imports and had been produced in Transdanubia? 2) How these rare, and in the local eastern contexts mostly unusual, practices (encrusted techniques and associated motives/forms) could have been transmitted through long distances? 3) How these "foreign" practices were appropriated and integrated in new, local contexts?
In order to reach these aims, after surveying the spatial distribution, the various archaeological contexts and the qualitative and quantitative attributes of vessels found with this decorational type east of the Danube, we are going to focus in more detail on the material of an EBA-MBA tell settlement, Tószeg-Laposhalom. With the help of macroscopic, petrographic, XRF and LA-ICP-AES analyses we will compare the various (formal, decorational and technological) attributes of the encrusted ("foreign") and the non-encrusted ("local") pottery found at the site.
Előadásunkban a Dunától keletre, kora bronzkor végi és középső bronzkori lelőhelyeken felbukkanó mészbetétes díszű kerámia kérdését járjuk körül, főként ezen edények eredetére, funkciójára és jelentésére fókuszálva.
A kutatás már régóta rámutatott, hogy a dunántúli régészeti anyagban általános, mészbetétes technikával díszített Kisapostag-, ill. ún. dunántúli mészbetétes kerámia stílusában készült edények a Kárpát-medence keleti felének számos, egykorú lelőhelyén is előkerülnek, noha ezen lelőhelyek régészeti anyagában meglehetősen ritka és szokatlan, „idegen" elemnek tekinthetők. A jelenség magyarázatára több elképzelés is született. Általános felfogás szerint ezek az edények tényleges importtárgyak voltak, melyek a Dunántúlról származnak, és elvándorló népcsoportok anyagi nyomaival, vagy az edények esztétikai értékén, esetleg tartalmán alapuló kereskedelmi tevékenységgel hozhatók összefüggésbe.
Előadásunkban ezen tárgycsoport „idegen" voltát vizsgáljuk meg részletesebben. A következő kérdésekre keressük a választ: 1) a Kárpát-medence keleti felében előkerült mészbetétes technikával díszített edények tényleges dunántúli importok voltak-e? 2) hogyan, milyen közvetítéssel terjedtek el a helyi, alföldi kontextusokban e ritka és szokatlan technikák (inkrusztáció) (ill. a hozzájuk kapcsolódó dunántúli formák és motívumok)? 3) a helyi fazekasok (ill. közösségek) hogyan vették át és integrálták ezen új, „idegen" technikai és stíluselemeket saját hagyományaikba? A fenti kérdéseket szem előtt tartva elsőként általános áttekintést adunk a Dunán innen talált mészbetétes edények térbeli elterjedéséről, változatos leletkörülményeiről, ill. mennyiségi és minőségi tulajdonságairól, majd egy korabeli Tisza menti teli-település, Tószeg-Laposhalom kerámianyagára fókuszálva bemutatjuk az itt előkerült mészbetétes („idegen/import") és nem mészbetétes („helyi") edények makroszkopikus, petrográfiai, XRF és LA-ICP-AES módszerekkel történt részletes összehason¬lításának eredményeit.
In this paper we are going to focus on the issues of origin, function and meaning of encrusted pottery found and distributed in Early Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age archaeological contexts on the Great Hungarian Plain. It has been recognised for a long time that vessels with encrusted decorational techniques and motives of Kisapostag and Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery style had also appeared in the eastern Carpathian Basin in the remains of various contemporaneous sites, where they seem to be rare and "foreign". In connection with this phenomenon many explanations have been developed. The most frequent interpretations consider these vessels as imports which originated from the western Carpathian Basin, either as the material remains of groups of people moving from Transdanubia to the east, or as a special kind of trade ware which was exchanged for its own aesthetic value, or for its content.
The central issue of the presentation aims to examine the meaning of the term "foreign" in the case of this pottery group. We will address the following questions: 1) Were these encrusted vessels found in eastern contexts real imports and had been produced in Transdanubia? 2) How these rare, and in the local eastern contexts mostly unusual, practices (encrusted techniques and associated motives/forms) could have been transmitted through long distances? 3) How these "foreign" practices were appropriated and integrated in new, local contexts?
In order to reach these aims, after surveying the spatial distribution, the various archaeological contexts and the qualitative and quantitative attributes of vessels found with this decorational type east of the Danube, we are going to focus in more detail on the material of an EBA-MBA tell settlement, Tószeg-Laposhalom. With the help of macroscopic, petrographic, XRF and LA-ICP-AES analyses we will compare the various (formal, decorational and technological) attributes of the encrusted ("foreign") and the non-encrusted ("local") pottery found at the site.
Előadásunkban a Dunától keletre, kora bronzkor végi és középső bronzkori lelőhelyeken felbukkanó mészbetétes díszű kerámia kérdését járjuk körül, főként ezen edények eredetére, funkciójára és jelentésére fókuszálva.
A kutatás már régóta rámutatott, hogy a dunántúli régészeti anyagban általános, mészbetétes technikával díszített Kisapostag-, ill. ún. dunántúli mészbetétes kerámia stílusában készült edények a Kárpát-medence keleti felének számos, egykorú lelőhelyén is előkerülnek, noha ezen lelőhelyek régészeti anyagában meglehetősen ritka és szokatlan, „idegen" elemnek tekinthetők. A jelenség magyarázatára több elképzelés is született. Általános felfogás szerint ezek az edények tényleges importtárgyak voltak, melyek a Dunántúlról származnak, és elvándorló népcsoportok anyagi nyomaival, vagy az edények esztétikai értékén, esetleg tartalmán alapuló kereskedelmi tevékenységgel hozhatók összefüggésbe.
Előadásunkban ezen tárgycsoport „idegen" voltát vizsgáljuk meg részletesebben. A következő kérdésekre keressük a választ: 1) a Kárpát-medence keleti felében előkerült mészbetétes technikával díszített edények tényleges dunántúli importok voltak-e? 2) hogyan, milyen közvetítéssel terjedtek el a helyi, alföldi kontextusokban e ritka és szokatlan technikák (inkrusztáció) (ill. a hozzájuk kapcsolódó dunántúli formák és motívumok)? 3) a helyi fazekasok (ill. közösségek) hogyan vették át és integrálták ezen új, „idegen" technikai és stíluselemeket saját hagyományaikba? A fenti kérdéseket szem előtt tartva elsőként általános áttekintést adunk a Dunán innen talált mészbetétes edények térbeli elterjedéséről, változatos leletkörülményeiről, ill. mennyiségi és minőségi tulajdonságairól, majd egy korabeli Tisza menti teli-település, Tószeg-Laposhalom kerámianyagára fókuszálva bemutatjuk az itt előkerült mészbetétes („idegen/import") és nem mészbetétes („helyi") edények makroszkopikus, petrográfiai, XRF és LA-ICP-AES módszerekkel történt részletes összehason¬lításának eredményeit.
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Ceramic Technology, Hybridization, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Archaeometry, and 9 moreCeramic Analysis (Archaeology), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, Middle Bronze Age, Provenance studies of archaeological material, Ceramic Petrography, portable XRF (PXRF) in Archaeology and Museum Science, Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery, Prehistoric Trade and Exchange, and LA-ICP-AES
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Ceramic Technology, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy, Ceramics (Archaeology), and 19 moreArchaeology of the Avars, Ceramic Petrography, Petrographic Analysis of Ceramics, Craft Specialization, 3) Petrography and Manufacturing Technology of Ancient Ceramics, Potters, XRD, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, Avar Age, Migration Period Archaeology, Avar age cemetery, Avars, Pottery Firing Techniques, Ceramic Provenance, Firing Temperatures, Ceramic Variability and Craft Specialization, Potters Wheel, Grog Tempering, and Craft Standardisation
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The Benta Valley Project is part of the Százhalombatta Archaeological Expedition (SAX). Launched in 1998, the Hungarian-Swedish-American and, later, Hungarian-Swedish-English collaborative research project focused on the excavation of the... more
The Benta Valley Project is part of the Százhalombatta Archaeological Expedition (SAX). Launched in 1998, the Hungarian-Swedish-American and, later, Hungarian-Swedish-English collaborative research project focused on the excavation of the tell settlement at Százhalombatta–Földvár, one of the key sites in the Central Danube Valley.
While still working on the tell settlement, it was decided that to broaden our knowledge on the central settlement, it would be equally important to study the Bronze Age settlement patterns in surrounding environs in order to gain new insights into the period’s social, economic and political dimensions. The complexity and stratification of Bronze Age societies can be correlated with the settlement hierarchy therefore one direction of social archaeology focuses on settlements, with a scope ranging from individual households to entire micro-regions.
• One of the key questions of the project is whether there were prominent, central settlements.
• Another goal is to identify possible divergences in the layout of the central settlements and the adjacent horizontal settlements, as well as in the layout of the broader area’s larger and smaller open villages, and to examine the houses and the number and size of storage pits uncovered on various settlement types.
• Another important issue is whether the hierarchy between the settlements reflected institutionalised social differences and political integration, or whether the settlement patterns reflect heterarchy, a settlement network made up of communities of equal in rank.
While still working on the tell settlement, it was decided that to broaden our knowledge on the central settlement, it would be equally important to study the Bronze Age settlement patterns in surrounding environs in order to gain new insights into the period’s social, economic and political dimensions. The complexity and stratification of Bronze Age societies can be correlated with the settlement hierarchy therefore one direction of social archaeology focuses on settlements, with a scope ranging from individual households to entire micro-regions.
• One of the key questions of the project is whether there were prominent, central settlements.
• Another goal is to identify possible divergences in the layout of the central settlements and the adjacent horizontal settlements, as well as in the layout of the broader area’s larger and smaller open villages, and to examine the houses and the number and size of storage pits uncovered on various settlement types.
• Another important issue is whether the hierarchy between the settlements reflected institutionalised social differences and political integration, or whether the settlement patterns reflect heterarchy, a settlement network made up of communities of equal in rank.
Research Interests: Ceramic Technology, Settlement Patterns, Archaeological Method & Theory, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Archaeometry, and 8 moreCeramic Analysis (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Middle Bronze Age, Settlement archaeology, Ceramic Petrography, Social Hierarchy In the Bronze Age, Bronze Age Economy, and Settlement Hierarchy
Előadásunk kiindulópontja Nyírparasznya – III. forduló szkíta kori településének ,,import” kerámiáinak régészeti-ásványtani vizsgálata, ugyanakkor a hasonló korú Nagytarcsa – urasági-dűlői lelőhely anyagát is közzé tesszük. Munkánk a... more
Előadásunk kiindulópontja Nyírparasznya – III. forduló szkíta kori településének ,,import” kerámiáinak régészeti-ásványtani vizsgálata, ugyanakkor a hasonló korú Nagytarcsa – urasági-dűlői lelőhely anyagát is közzé tesszük. Munkánk a lelőhelyek komplex feldolgozásába illeszkedik, és noha a vizsgálatok elsődleges célja a régészeti értelmezés megerősítése, illetve finomítása volt, mára önálló kutatási programmá kezdi kinőni magát. Ennek súlyponti kérdései a szkíta kori fazekasság alaprétegeinek szétbontása, a technológiai innovációk (korongolás) beépülésének vizsgálata és az import kerámiák széleskörű elemzése. Vizsgálataink során igyekeztünk a lehető legteljesebb mértékben megjeleníteni a szkíta kori Alföld-csoport kerámiájának alapformáit és technológiai változatosságát, emellett különösen nagy gondot fordítottunk az ,,import” árukra. A kerámiák szövetének makroszkópos megfigyelése után 55 (Nyírparasznya) mintából készítettünk vékonycsiszolatot, ezen túlmenően pedig a nagytarcsai kerámiákon lehetőségünk volt röntgen-pordiffrakciós (XRD) és lézerablációs induktív csatolású plazma-tömegspektrometriai (LA-ICP-MS) mérések elvégzésére.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Experimental Archaeology, Ceramic Technology, Archaeological Method & Theory, Archaeometry, and 11 moreCeramic Analysis (Archaeology), Scythian archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Provenance studies of archaeological material, Iron Age, Ceramic Petrography, LA-ICP-MS, Hallstatt, Graphite, XRD, and Vekerzug Culture
This study concerns a pottery assemblage from an Iron Age settlement, which has been recently excavated in NE Hungary. Our initial aim was to complete and refine the archaeological approach but it’s going to turn into an independent... more
This study concerns a pottery assemblage from an Iron Age settlement, which has been recently excavated in NE Hungary. Our initial aim was to complete and refine the archaeological approach but it’s going to turn into an independent research programme. The integrated approach focuses on the definition of ceramic fabrics, characterisation of base course of the Scythian age pottery making, adaptation of technological innovations and on non-local/imported wares.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Ceramic Technology, Archaeometry, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), and 9 moreArchaeological Theory, Scythian archaeology, Ancient Trade & Commerce (Archaeology), Provenance studies of archaeological material, Iron Age, Ceramic Petrography, LA-ICP-MS, XRD analysis, and Vekerzug Culture
This presentation addresses an innovative application of a tried and trusted methodology to the problem of ‘orphan sherds’ – the term which Schiffer used to denote sherds from incomplete vessels but without any on-site refits. Tracking... more
This presentation addresses an innovative application of a tried and trusted methodology to the problem of ‘orphan sherds’ – the term which Schiffer used to denote sherds from incomplete vessels but without any on-site refits. Tracking the shared provenance of ‘orphan sherds’ has been a strategy widely employed by field archaeologists, mainly looking for stratigraphical or temporal conclusions. This paper is aimed at broadening the discussion and improving the scope of such operation by means of: a) the development of a systematic, reliable method of assessing whether similar sherds with no physical refitting derive from the same vessel; and b) the use of petrographic analysis to verify the derivation of non-conjoint sherds from the same original vessel. This study necessarily involves the consideration of its implications for site formation processes, which, in turn, involve a test of the deliberate fragmentation premise stated by Chapman & Gaydarska. The sample selected derives from the Early Neolithic site of La Lámpara (Soria, Spain), one of the earliest ceramic assemblages known from westernmost Europe – occupied from ca. 5800 cal BC.
In the first stage, a complete refitting experiment was carried out in the Museum of Soria (Spain) using the whole ceramic assemblage of 1,349 sherds. This task enabled the recognition of a number of direct or physically matching sherds - mostly intra-feature but also cross-feature refits. On the other hand, several probable but not conjoining refits have been identified based on their decorative and technological similarities. For the second stage, a series of 17 ceramic samples was selected from different pits to test the previous observations on non-conjoint re-fitting. The samples include a variety of post-breakage alterations, including weathering and calcite accretions. Thin-sections from these samples were made and studied petrographically in the Laboratory for Conservation and Applied Research, National Heritage Protection Centre (Budapest).
The results show the reliability of the proposed method of assessing the visual association of non-conjoint sherds. Especially useful here were technological criteria such as the building technique, type, amount, size, roundness and sorting of inclusions, and raw material preparation such as the distribution of inclusions in the fabric, and the presence of cracks or air bubbles within the fabric. Another important finding was that some of the mentioned post-breakage alterations do not seem to detract from the applicability of the method, which enables matching of sherds with contrasting physical appearance, which otherwise would have been ruled out as possible refits.
In the first stage, a complete refitting experiment was carried out in the Museum of Soria (Spain) using the whole ceramic assemblage of 1,349 sherds. This task enabled the recognition of a number of direct or physically matching sherds - mostly intra-feature but also cross-feature refits. On the other hand, several probable but not conjoining refits have been identified based on their decorative and technological similarities. For the second stage, a series of 17 ceramic samples was selected from different pits to test the previous observations on non-conjoint re-fitting. The samples include a variety of post-breakage alterations, including weathering and calcite accretions. Thin-sections from these samples were made and studied petrographically in the Laboratory for Conservation and Applied Research, National Heritage Protection Centre (Budapest).
The results show the reliability of the proposed method of assessing the visual association of non-conjoint sherds. Especially useful here were technological criteria such as the building technique, type, amount, size, roundness and sorting of inclusions, and raw material preparation such as the distribution of inclusions in the fabric, and the presence of cracks or air bubbles within the fabric. Another important finding was that some of the mentioned post-breakage alterations do not seem to detract from the applicability of the method, which enables matching of sherds with contrasting physical appearance, which otherwise would have been ruled out as possible refits.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The aim of this study is to examine the technology and composition of a peculiar figurine from a Körös culture settlement at Szakmár-Kisülés in south Hungary. Through petrographic, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass... more
The aim of this study is to examine the technology and composition of a peculiar figurine from a Körös culture settlement at Szakmár-Kisülés in south Hungary. Through petrographic, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) analyses the possible technological similarities and differences between the figurine and local ceramics and a plaster are assessed and the question of whether the figurine was made locally or imported is considered. On a macroscopic level the lover part of the figurine indicates that it was made from three clearly distinguishable layers from which samples were taken. Thin section analysis was applied to examine the similarities and differences between raw materials, fabric preparations and tempering practices of the different layers of the figurine, Körös ceramics and plaster. LA-ICP-MS was also utilized to assess the compositional characteristics of the figurine layers, ceramics and plaster, while XRD analysis was carried out in order to examine the phase composition and firing temperature of the different layers of the figurine. Since the multi-layered nature of the figurine may have serious social implications the assessment of its technological characteristics opens new avenues for interpretation of how the figurine may have been used and conceptualised.
Research Interests: Computed Tomography, Computed Tomography, Ceramic Technology, Gender, Neolithic Archaeology, and 12 moreArchaeometry, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Ceramics (Archaeology), Neolithic, Ceramic Petrography, LA-ICP-MS, Chaîne Opératoire, XRD, Phytolith, Figurine, Vegetal Temper, and Neolithic pottery technology
The aim of this study is to examine the technology and composition of a peculiar figurine from a Körös culture settlement at Szakmár-Kisülés in south Hungary. Through petrographic, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass... more
The aim of this study is to examine the technology and composition of a peculiar figurine from a Körös culture settlement at Szakmár-Kisülés in south Hungary. Through petrographic, Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) analyses the possible technological similarities and differences between the figurine and local ceramics and a plaster are assessed and the question of whether the figurine was made locally or imported is considered. On a macroscopic level the lover part of the figurine indicates that it was made from three clearly distinguishable layers from which samples were taken. Thin section analysis was applied to examine the similarities and differences between raw materials, fabric preparations and tempering practices of the different layers of the figurine, Körös ceramics and plaster. LA-ICP-MS was also utilized to assess the compositional characteristics of the figurine layers, ceramics and plaster, while XRD analysis was carried out in order to examine the phase composition and firing temperature of the different layers of the figurine. Since the multi-layered nature of the figurine may have serious social implications the assessment of its technological characteristics opens new avenues for interpretation of how the figurine may have been used and conceptualised.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This thesis examines the relationship between technology and social organisation. The primary research site is the Nagyrév and Vatya tell settlement of Százhalombatta, Hungary. In order to gain the widest possible picture about... more
This thesis examines the relationship between technology and social organisation. The primary research site is the Nagyrév and Vatya tell settlement of Százhalombatta, Hungary. In order to
gain the widest possible picture about technological change and continuity the results of the investigation of Százhalombatta are compared with the ceramic technologies of other equally important Early and Middle Bronze Age communities. The chronological position of these sites makes it possible to investigate change and continuity in ceramic technology through time and to examine possible similarities or differences representative of a particular settlement, group of people or a particular period.
In pottery studies understandings of technology are often seen as limited as a result of functional and environmental constraints. There is little space for explanations of technology as stylistic expression. Through the concept of technological style, this thesis aims to break boundaries between the functional and social nature of technology and argues that the two are inseparable and that together they form a culturally accepted product. The concept of technological style
incorporates material selection, preparation and manufacturing and highlights the relationship between technology, manufacturing sequences and social production. Technological tradition and
change are investigated through macroscopic and ceramic petrological analyses. It is considered that in the process of material culture production technological choices are not only constitutive
towards an end product but complex, dynamic constructions that involve social strategies.
It is argued that Bronze Age social relations were maintained through material culture production. Ceramic technology and shared technological choices can be viewed as a process that
binds people together. Potters, and consumers, are seen to have a shared understanding of ceramic technological practices and how a culturally accepted vessel should be made. This approach calls into question the spatial boundedness of archaeological cultures and major historical processes such as migration, diffusion and acculturation, traditional to Hungarian approaches.
gain the widest possible picture about technological change and continuity the results of the investigation of Százhalombatta are compared with the ceramic technologies of other equally important Early and Middle Bronze Age communities. The chronological position of these sites makes it possible to investigate change and continuity in ceramic technology through time and to examine possible similarities or differences representative of a particular settlement, group of people or a particular period.
In pottery studies understandings of technology are often seen as limited as a result of functional and environmental constraints. There is little space for explanations of technology as stylistic expression. Through the concept of technological style, this thesis aims to break boundaries between the functional and social nature of technology and argues that the two are inseparable and that together they form a culturally accepted product. The concept of technological style
incorporates material selection, preparation and manufacturing and highlights the relationship between technology, manufacturing sequences and social production. Technological tradition and
change are investigated through macroscopic and ceramic petrological analyses. It is considered that in the process of material culture production technological choices are not only constitutive
towards an end product but complex, dynamic constructions that involve social strategies.
It is argued that Bronze Age social relations were maintained through material culture production. Ceramic technology and shared technological choices can be viewed as a process that
binds people together. Potters, and consumers, are seen to have a shared understanding of ceramic technological practices and how a culturally accepted vessel should be made. This approach calls into question the spatial boundedness of archaeological cultures and major historical processes such as migration, diffusion and acculturation, traditional to Hungarian approaches.