Agriculture is the economic backbone of Pakistan. 67% of country’s population resides in rural ar... more Agriculture is the economic backbone of Pakistan. 67% of country’s population resides in rural areas and primarily depends on agriculture. Pakistan's soils are poor in OM and have a low C : N ratio, and the overall fertility status is insufficient to support increased crop yields. Compost is an excellent alternative solution for improving soil OM content. However, this excellent alternative supply in Pakistan has yet to be used. Mass volumes of leaves, grass clippings, plant stalks, vines, weeds, twigs, and branches are burned daily. In this study, different compost piles (P1, P2, and P3) of compost were made using different agricultural and animal waste combinations to assess temperature, pH, and NPK. Results revealed that P3 demonstrated the most successful composting procedure. The temperature and pH levels throughout the composting process were determined in a specified range of 42–45oC and 6.1–8.3, respectively. Total nitrogen content ranged from 81.5 to 2175 ppm in farm co...
Water quality problems are the main interest in current issues. Most urban rivers are polluted du... more Water quality problems are the main interest in current issues. Most urban rivers are polluted due to mismanagement and non existence facilities. Fenghu and Song yong Rivers faced under the same activities. The basic purpose of this paper is to provide more detail and explanation to restore the urban river with advance, reliable and affordable new technology. This research is successfully applied on these Rivers with Bacterial technology (BT). For easier and better understanding used Canadian Water quality (CWQI 1.0) model for aquatic life. The result admitted a fast recovery of highly polluted river plus supported aquatic life and clear nutrients from the rivers.
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduct... more Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Today’s ecology is erected with miscellaneous framework. However, numerous sources deteriorate it, such as urban rivers that directly cause the environmental pollution. For chemical pollution abatement from urban water bodies, many techniques were introduced to rehabilitate the water quality of these water bodies. In this research, Bacterial Technology (BT) was applied to urban
Household food security is a major issue in developing countries like Pakistan. Despite significa... more Household food security is a major issue in developing countries like Pakistan. Despite significant breakthroughs in grain production within the country, the problem of food availability and utilization persists. Diet is one of the most potent determinants of nutritional condition. The dietary intake method has been utilized to determine the food security status of households, which depends on various factors. There are no automatic and user-friendly methods available to decide food security status, which is generally determined by manually calculating calorie intakes. Due to its high performance and precision, machine learning holds major significance. In this paper, the status of food security has been examined by applying machine learning algorithms, namely, support vector machine, naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, logistic regression, and neural network, on survey data of households for best predicting the status. A food analysis (FA) app has been developed to automatically predict the FAO status of a household's food security by implementing the random forest model that found higher precision among algorithms. Additionally, the proposed mobile app will also be helpful for collecting the households' data. Furthermore, the objective of the study was to enhance food security awareness among individuals.
2020 International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligent Applications (ITIA), 2020
Water resources in the world are running down rapidly. In Pakistan, 93 % of water is used to irri... more Water resources in the world are running down rapidly. In Pakistan, 93 % of water is used to irrigate agricultural land, and more than 60% wasted during irrigation. The main causes of this wastage are lack of irrigation knowledge and improper scheduling. which causes the wastage of water, loss in soil fertility, loss in production, and wastage of electric power. This wastage can be controlled by adopting modern technologies in the agriculture sector. IoT based automated solutions can facilitate to accomplish the optimized distribution of water in the context of irrigation. In this study, a smart gate equipped with water level and flow measuring sensors has been developed for open channel precision irrigation. Multiple sensing nodes were deployed to collect soil moisture, temperature, and humidity from the field by applying WSN techniques and forwarded collected data to Firebase Realtime Database. Fuzzy logic techniques have been used for decision making by evaluating collected data ...
The Bt-cotton RH-647 was developed by Cotton Research Institute CRI, Khanpur has been acknowledge... more The Bt-cotton RH-647 was developed by Cotton Research Institute CRI, Khanpur has been acknowledged for its possesses superior plant characteristics and potential to yield out under harsh agro-climatic conditions of cotton productive district of Rahimyar Khan in Bahawalpur Division and southern Punjab in 2016. RH- 647 for its novel plant structure and improved fiber quality heat and drought tolerant to withstand successfully sustain yield out in harsh, highly variable hot and dry climatic conditions of and harsh seasoned. RH-647 was developed through one-way hybridization of elite parental genotypes accompanied by pedigree selection method through gene pyramiding technique for incorporation of excellent combinations of fiber traits and CLCuV disease tolerance with higher yield potential right from F1 population. The superior plant combinations were selected in F2-F6 generations were entirely based on phenotypic plant traits and progeny yield potential in field, plant shape, number of...
The forecasting plays key role for the water resources planning. Most suitable technique is Artif... more The forecasting plays key role for the water resources planning. Most suitable technique is Artificial intelligence techniques (AITs) for different parameters of weather forecasting and generated runoff. The study compared AITs (RBF-SVM and M5 model tree) to understand the rainfall runoff process in Jhelum River Basin, Pakistan. The rainfall and runoff of Jhelum river used from 1981 to 2012. The Different rainfall and runoff dataset combinations were used to train and test AITs. The data record for the period 1981–2001 used for training and then testing. After training and testing, modeled runoff and observed data was evaluated using R2, NRMSE, COE and MSE. During the training, the dataset C2 and C3 were found to be 0.71 for both datasets using M5 model. Similar results were found for dataset of C3 using RBF-SVM. Over all, C3 and C7 were performed best among all the dataset. The M5 model tree was performed better than other applied techniques. GEP has also exhibited good results to ...
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passes through the Hunza River basin of Pakistan. The... more The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passes through the Hunza River basin of Pakistan. The current study investigates the creation and effects of end moraine, supra-glacial, and barrier lakes by field visits and remote sensing techniques along the CPEC in the Hunza River basin. The surging and moraine type glaciers are considered the most dangerous type of glaciers that cause Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the study basin. It can be concluded from the 40 years observations of Karakoram glaciers that surge-type and non-surge-type glaciers are not significantly different with respect to mass change. The recurrent surging of Khurdopin Glacier resulted in the creation of Khurdopin Glacial Lake in the Shimshal valley of the Hunza River basin. Such glacial lakes offer main sources of freshwater; however, when their dams are suddenly breached and water drained, catastrophic GLOFs appear and pose a great threat to people and infrastructure in downstream areas. This situation...
The challenging impact of drought to agricultural productivity requires the adoption of mitigatio... more The challenging impact of drought to agricultural productivity requires the adoption of mitigation strategies with a better understanding of underlying mechanisms responsible for drought tolerance. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of sulfur-based fertilizers on mitigation of drought stress in sunflower. Sulfate-containing fertilizers, viz., ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and gypsum, were initially evaluated at two different rates (10 and 20 mg kg−1 soil equivalent to 20 and 40 kg ha−1, respectively) for nutrient uptake and growth-promoting traits in sunflower seedlings (cv. Hysun-33). The best performing fertilizer (gypsum) was then selected to evaluate the response of sunflower under drought stress imposed at flowering stage for three weeks (25–30% water holding capacity). Results indicated significant amelioration of drought stress with higher activity of photosynthetic apparatus, upregulation of antioxidative enzymes, and...
In Pakistan, surface irrigation methods are commonly used to grow crops to meet the demand of eve... more In Pakistan, surface irrigation methods are commonly used to grow crops to meet the demand of ever-increasing population. The practicing methods of agricultural water applications usually result in excessive losses of water due to non-uniformity, over irrigation etc. To combat such a situation, present-day application methods need to be replaced by efficient ones. Sprinkler is one of methods of irrigation water applications that can bring in more efficiency. However, the sprinkler too needs to be suitably designed and managed under different site-specific conditions. The performance evaluation of a system is the primary need to determine the suitability of a system under a specific crop-growing environment. In order to meet the primary requirement, a hose-reel system was selected and evaluated under this study. In addition to its technical performance parameters, the adoptability by small farmers, ease and simplicity in operation and maintenance etc. were also studied. Application and distribution uniformity were the main parameters, which were determined by adopting standard methods of evaluation. Thus, the major variable was the operating pressures under which the system was operated and results were compiled. Application efficiency and distribution uniformity of hose-reel sprinkler system were found to be varied from 71 to 76% and 66 to 74% with the respective base pressure range of 0.38–0.46MPa, respectively. This sprinkling system has higher efficiency than the traditional flood irrigation methods by saving water more than 30%. It is easy to move and operate, is cost effective, and is suitable for all soil types and small land holdings.
In this study, variations in the hydrological responses of the Yihe agricultural watershed in the... more In this study, variations in the hydrological responses of the Yihe agricultural watershed in the Yihe River Basin in China were analysed based on decadal period data from 1961 to 2011. Precipitation and streamflow data showed a positive trend and evapotranspiration a negative trend. Human activities dominated in the basin for the study period, but the results show inconsistencies between 1989 and 2011. The contribution of human activities and climate variability were quantified through simple linear regression and a physically based modelling approach (hydrological sensitivity). The results suggest that the streamflow of the Dongwan Basin has decreased compared to the baseline period (1961–1968). The contributions of human activities and climate variability were 17% and 83% for 1970–2011 using a simple linear regression approach. The hydrological sensitivity method quantified 119% and −19% of human activities and climate variability respectively for the same period.
To protect against the environmental pollution, the present research was undertaken to enumerate ... more To protect against the environmental pollution, the present research was undertaken to enumerate the Bacterial Technologies (BTs) on the restoration of polluted urban rivers, that is, Fenghu-Song Yang River (FSR) and Xuxi River (XXR). Experimental research accounted for the physiochemical parameters (pH; temperature; dissolved oxygen (DO); chemical oxygen demand (COD); total phosphorus (TP); total nitrogen (TN); and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 N)) before and after the BT operation. The results declared that the BT is efficient to restore the polluted rivers up to reliable condition. These results were analyzed by using multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA)). These techniques interpreted the complex data sets and expressed the point source information about the water quality of these rivers at SA5, SA6, and SB3 under highly polluted regions. For better understanding, water quality index (WQI) was applied to compute the single num...
Agriculture is the economic backbone of Pakistan. 67% of country’s population resides in rural ar... more Agriculture is the economic backbone of Pakistan. 67% of country’s population resides in rural areas and primarily depends on agriculture. Pakistan's soils are poor in OM and have a low C : N ratio, and the overall fertility status is insufficient to support increased crop yields. Compost is an excellent alternative solution for improving soil OM content. However, this excellent alternative supply in Pakistan has yet to be used. Mass volumes of leaves, grass clippings, plant stalks, vines, weeds, twigs, and branches are burned daily. In this study, different compost piles (P1, P2, and P3) of compost were made using different agricultural and animal waste combinations to assess temperature, pH, and NPK. Results revealed that P3 demonstrated the most successful composting procedure. The temperature and pH levels throughout the composting process were determined in a specified range of 42–45oC and 6.1–8.3, respectively. Total nitrogen content ranged from 81.5 to 2175 ppm in farm co...
Water quality problems are the main interest in current issues. Most urban rivers are polluted du... more Water quality problems are the main interest in current issues. Most urban rivers are polluted due to mismanagement and non existence facilities. Fenghu and Song yong Rivers faced under the same activities. The basic purpose of this paper is to provide more detail and explanation to restore the urban river with advance, reliable and affordable new technology. This research is successfully applied on these Rivers with Bacterial technology (BT). For easier and better understanding used Canadian Water quality (CWQI 1.0) model for aquatic life. The result admitted a fast recovery of highly polluted river plus supported aquatic life and clear nutrients from the rivers.
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduct... more Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Today’s ecology is erected with miscellaneous framework. However, numerous sources deteriorate it, such as urban rivers that directly cause the environmental pollution. For chemical pollution abatement from urban water bodies, many techniques were introduced to rehabilitate the water quality of these water bodies. In this research, Bacterial Technology (BT) was applied to urban
Household food security is a major issue in developing countries like Pakistan. Despite significa... more Household food security is a major issue in developing countries like Pakistan. Despite significant breakthroughs in grain production within the country, the problem of food availability and utilization persists. Diet is one of the most potent determinants of nutritional condition. The dietary intake method has been utilized to determine the food security status of households, which depends on various factors. There are no automatic and user-friendly methods available to decide food security status, which is generally determined by manually calculating calorie intakes. Due to its high performance and precision, machine learning holds major significance. In this paper, the status of food security has been examined by applying machine learning algorithms, namely, support vector machine, naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, random forest, logistic regression, and neural network, on survey data of households for best predicting the status. A food analysis (FA) app has been developed to automatically predict the FAO status of a household's food security by implementing the random forest model that found higher precision among algorithms. Additionally, the proposed mobile app will also be helpful for collecting the households' data. Furthermore, the objective of the study was to enhance food security awareness among individuals.
2020 International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligent Applications (ITIA), 2020
Water resources in the world are running down rapidly. In Pakistan, 93 % of water is used to irri... more Water resources in the world are running down rapidly. In Pakistan, 93 % of water is used to irrigate agricultural land, and more than 60% wasted during irrigation. The main causes of this wastage are lack of irrigation knowledge and improper scheduling. which causes the wastage of water, loss in soil fertility, loss in production, and wastage of electric power. This wastage can be controlled by adopting modern technologies in the agriculture sector. IoT based automated solutions can facilitate to accomplish the optimized distribution of water in the context of irrigation. In this study, a smart gate equipped with water level and flow measuring sensors has been developed for open channel precision irrigation. Multiple sensing nodes were deployed to collect soil moisture, temperature, and humidity from the field by applying WSN techniques and forwarded collected data to Firebase Realtime Database. Fuzzy logic techniques have been used for decision making by evaluating collected data ...
The Bt-cotton RH-647 was developed by Cotton Research Institute CRI, Khanpur has been acknowledge... more The Bt-cotton RH-647 was developed by Cotton Research Institute CRI, Khanpur has been acknowledged for its possesses superior plant characteristics and potential to yield out under harsh agro-climatic conditions of cotton productive district of Rahimyar Khan in Bahawalpur Division and southern Punjab in 2016. RH- 647 for its novel plant structure and improved fiber quality heat and drought tolerant to withstand successfully sustain yield out in harsh, highly variable hot and dry climatic conditions of and harsh seasoned. RH-647 was developed through one-way hybridization of elite parental genotypes accompanied by pedigree selection method through gene pyramiding technique for incorporation of excellent combinations of fiber traits and CLCuV disease tolerance with higher yield potential right from F1 population. The superior plant combinations were selected in F2-F6 generations were entirely based on phenotypic plant traits and progeny yield potential in field, plant shape, number of...
The forecasting plays key role for the water resources planning. Most suitable technique is Artif... more The forecasting plays key role for the water resources planning. Most suitable technique is Artificial intelligence techniques (AITs) for different parameters of weather forecasting and generated runoff. The study compared AITs (RBF-SVM and M5 model tree) to understand the rainfall runoff process in Jhelum River Basin, Pakistan. The rainfall and runoff of Jhelum river used from 1981 to 2012. The Different rainfall and runoff dataset combinations were used to train and test AITs. The data record for the period 1981–2001 used for training and then testing. After training and testing, modeled runoff and observed data was evaluated using R2, NRMSE, COE and MSE. During the training, the dataset C2 and C3 were found to be 0.71 for both datasets using M5 model. Similar results were found for dataset of C3 using RBF-SVM. Over all, C3 and C7 were performed best among all the dataset. The M5 model tree was performed better than other applied techniques. GEP has also exhibited good results to ...
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passes through the Hunza River basin of Pakistan. The... more The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) passes through the Hunza River basin of Pakistan. The current study investigates the creation and effects of end moraine, supra-glacial, and barrier lakes by field visits and remote sensing techniques along the CPEC in the Hunza River basin. The surging and moraine type glaciers are considered the most dangerous type of glaciers that cause Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the study basin. It can be concluded from the 40 years observations of Karakoram glaciers that surge-type and non-surge-type glaciers are not significantly different with respect to mass change. The recurrent surging of Khurdopin Glacier resulted in the creation of Khurdopin Glacial Lake in the Shimshal valley of the Hunza River basin. Such glacial lakes offer main sources of freshwater; however, when their dams are suddenly breached and water drained, catastrophic GLOFs appear and pose a great threat to people and infrastructure in downstream areas. This situation...
The challenging impact of drought to agricultural productivity requires the adoption of mitigatio... more The challenging impact of drought to agricultural productivity requires the adoption of mitigation strategies with a better understanding of underlying mechanisms responsible for drought tolerance. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of sulfur-based fertilizers on mitigation of drought stress in sunflower. Sulfate-containing fertilizers, viz., ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and gypsum, were initially evaluated at two different rates (10 and 20 mg kg−1 soil equivalent to 20 and 40 kg ha−1, respectively) for nutrient uptake and growth-promoting traits in sunflower seedlings (cv. Hysun-33). The best performing fertilizer (gypsum) was then selected to evaluate the response of sunflower under drought stress imposed at flowering stage for three weeks (25–30% water holding capacity). Results indicated significant amelioration of drought stress with higher activity of photosynthetic apparatus, upregulation of antioxidative enzymes, and...
In Pakistan, surface irrigation methods are commonly used to grow crops to meet the demand of eve... more In Pakistan, surface irrigation methods are commonly used to grow crops to meet the demand of ever-increasing population. The practicing methods of agricultural water applications usually result in excessive losses of water due to non-uniformity, over irrigation etc. To combat such a situation, present-day application methods need to be replaced by efficient ones. Sprinkler is one of methods of irrigation water applications that can bring in more efficiency. However, the sprinkler too needs to be suitably designed and managed under different site-specific conditions. The performance evaluation of a system is the primary need to determine the suitability of a system under a specific crop-growing environment. In order to meet the primary requirement, a hose-reel system was selected and evaluated under this study. In addition to its technical performance parameters, the adoptability by small farmers, ease and simplicity in operation and maintenance etc. were also studied. Application and distribution uniformity were the main parameters, which were determined by adopting standard methods of evaluation. Thus, the major variable was the operating pressures under which the system was operated and results were compiled. Application efficiency and distribution uniformity of hose-reel sprinkler system were found to be varied from 71 to 76% and 66 to 74% with the respective base pressure range of 0.38–0.46MPa, respectively. This sprinkling system has higher efficiency than the traditional flood irrigation methods by saving water more than 30%. It is easy to move and operate, is cost effective, and is suitable for all soil types and small land holdings.
In this study, variations in the hydrological responses of the Yihe agricultural watershed in the... more In this study, variations in the hydrological responses of the Yihe agricultural watershed in the Yihe River Basin in China were analysed based on decadal period data from 1961 to 2011. Precipitation and streamflow data showed a positive trend and evapotranspiration a negative trend. Human activities dominated in the basin for the study period, but the results show inconsistencies between 1989 and 2011. The contribution of human activities and climate variability were quantified through simple linear regression and a physically based modelling approach (hydrological sensitivity). The results suggest that the streamflow of the Dongwan Basin has decreased compared to the baseline period (1961–1968). The contributions of human activities and climate variability were 17% and 83% for 1970–2011 using a simple linear regression approach. The hydrological sensitivity method quantified 119% and −19% of human activities and climate variability respectively for the same period.
To protect against the environmental pollution, the present research was undertaken to enumerate ... more To protect against the environmental pollution, the present research was undertaken to enumerate the Bacterial Technologies (BTs) on the restoration of polluted urban rivers, that is, Fenghu-Song Yang River (FSR) and Xuxi River (XXR). Experimental research accounted for the physiochemical parameters (pH; temperature; dissolved oxygen (DO); chemical oxygen demand (COD); total phosphorus (TP); total nitrogen (TN); and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 N)) before and after the BT operation. The results declared that the BT is efficient to restore the polluted rivers up to reliable condition. These results were analyzed by using multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA)). These techniques interpreted the complex data sets and expressed the point source information about the water quality of these rivers at SA5, SA6, and SB3 under highly polluted regions. For better understanding, water quality index (WQI) was applied to compute the single num...
Uploads
Papers by Sarfraz Hashim