Papers by Tapio Linkosalo
Tree Physiology
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Silvicultural decision-making can benefit from quantitative models of forest stand development. T... more Silvicultural decision-making can benefit from quantitative models of forest stand development. To aid management, these models are often combined with optimiza- tion algorithms that help considering simultaneously several silvicultural operations with variable length effects on stand properties. Stand management decisions are of- ten made at either stand level or forest level. Stand level analysis permits detailed comparisons of silvicultural alternatives
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The simulations are based on the interaction of three submodels: process-based stand growth model... more The simulations are based on the interaction of three submodels: process-based stand growth model (PipeQual), soil water balance model and soil decomposition model (ROMUL) The three models interact in multiple ways.The stand characteristics modify evapotranspiration, which affects soil moisture. Stand development is estimated by the growth model, which also provides organic material for decomposition as litter.
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NATO Science for Peace and Security Series, 2008
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Carbon Balance and Management
BACKGROUND: Forests play an important role in the global carbon flow. They can store carbon and c... more BACKGROUND: Forests play an important role in the global carbon flow. They can store carbon and can also providewood which can substitute other materials. In EU27 the standing biomass is steadily increasing. Incrementsand harvests seem to have reached a plateau between 2005 and 2010. One reason for reachingthis plateau will be the circumstance that the forests are getting older. High ages have the advantagethat they typical show high carbon concentration and the disadvantage that the increment rates aredecreasing. It should be investigated how biomass stock, harvests and increments will develop underdifferent climate scenarios and two management scenarios where one is forcing to store high biomassamounts in forests and the other tries to have high increment rates and much harvested wood. RESULTS: A management which is maximising standing biomass will raise the stem wood carbon stocks from30 tC/ha to 50 tC/ha until 2100. A management which is maximising increments will lower the stoc...
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Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2015
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Silvicultural decision-making can benefit from quantitative models of forest stand development. T... more Silvicultural decision-making can benefit from quantitative models of forest stand development. To aid management, these models are often combined with optimiza- tion algorithms that help considering simultaneously several silvicultural operations with variable length effects on stand properties. Stand management decisions are of- ten made at either stand level or forest level. Stand level analysis permits detailed comparisons of silvicultural alternatives
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Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014
We studied the photosynthetic activity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Pic... more We studied the photosynthetic activity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) in relation to air temperature changes from March 2013 to February 2014. We measured the chlorophyll fluorescence of approximately 50 trees of each species growing in southern Finland. Fluorescence was measured 1-3 times per week. We began by measuring shoots present in late winter (i.e., March 2013) before including new shoots once they started to elongate in spring. By July, when the spring shoots had achieved similar fluorescence levels to the older ones, we proceeded to measure the new shoots only. We analyzed the data by fitting a sigmoidal model containing four parameters to link sliding averages of temperature and fluorescence. A parameter defining the temperature range over which predicted fluorescence increased most rapidly was the most informative with in describing temperature dependence of fluorescence. The model generated similar fluorescence patterns for both species, but differences were observed for critical temperature and needle age. Down regulation of the light reaction was stronger in spring than in autumn. Pine showed more conservative control of the photosynthetic light reactions, which were activated later in spring and more readily attenuated in autumn. Under the assumption of a close correlation of fluorescence and photosynthesis, spruce should therefore benefit more than pine from the increased photosynthetic potential during warmer springs, but be more likely to suffer frost damage with a sudden cooling following a warm period. The winter of 2013-2014 was unusually mild and similar to future conditions predicted by global climate models. During the mild winter, the activity of photosynthetic light reactions of both conifers, especially spruce, remained high. Because light levels during winter are too low for photosynthesis, this activity may translate to a net carbon loss due to respiration.
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Physical and Physiological Forest Ecology, 2012
ABSTRACT Cells are the basic functional units in forest ecosystems. Plants have strong cell wall,... more ABSTRACT Cells are the basic functional units in forest ecosystems. Plants have strong cell wall, formed by cellulose and lignin. Cell membrane isolates the cell from its surroundings, starch acts as storage and enzymes enable synthesis of new compounds. Membrane pumps allow penetration of cell membrane and pigments capture of light energy. We call enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments as functional substances. The biochemical regulation system changes the concentrations and activities of the functional substances: In summer, metabolism is very active, but in winter, vegetation is dormant and tolerates low temperatures. The action of the biochemical regulation system generates emergent regularities in the functional substances, called the state of the functional substances. The effect of environmental factors on metabolism is built in the complex chain of enzymes, membrane pumps and pigments, acting in each metabolic task. The process-specific state of functional substances and the environmental factors determine the rate of each metabolic process. Microbes have dominating role in the soil. Together with soil fauna, microbes break down macromolecules with extracellular enzymes to small molecules that can penetrate the microbial cell membrane through membrane pumps. The microbial metabolism utilises the small carbon-rich molecules for the energy needs, growth and synthesis of the extracellular enzymes.
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