Michael E. Porter
Harvard Business School, Strategy, Faculty Member
- Michael E. Porter leads the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School. The Institute is ... moreMichael E. Porter leads the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School. The Institute is dedicated to the study of competition and its implications for company strategy; the competitiveness of nations, regions, and cities; and the relationship between competition and society.edit
O sistema americano de saúde há anos exibe um desempenho insatisfatório tanto em termos de custos como de qualidade. Tal quadro poderia ser considerado normal num setor controlado pelo Estado, mas é impensável num mercado... more
O sistema americano de saúde há anos exibe um desempenho insatisfatório tanto em termos de custos como de qualidade. Tal quadro poderia ser considerado normal num setor controlado pelo Estado, mas é impensável num mercado desregulamentado—e, nos Estados Unidos, a saúde é predominantemente privada e sujeita a mais competição do que em qualquer outra parte do mundo.
Competitive strategy involves positioning a business to maximize the value of the capabilities that distinguish it from its competitors. It follows that a central aspect of strategy formulation is perceptive competitor analysis.
Unti] the first half of the nineteenth century, at a time when 90 percent of the world's merchant vessels were still made of wood, the United States was an undisputed leader in the shipbuilding industry with its abundant supply of cheap... more
Unti] the first half of the nineteenth century, at a time when 90 percent of the world's merchant vessels were still made of wood, the United States was an undisputed leader in the shipbuilding industry with its abundant supply of cheap timber. With the advent of the s team-powered steel ship, however, the supremacy of the US, shipwright was quickly eroded by the British shipbuilders, who by 1882 captured 80 percent of the world's shipbuilding market.
–Graduates from many educational institutions are not trained for tasks that are essential in tourism-related businesses–More than 40% of tourism-related courses prepare graduates for management positions. However, management positions... more
–Graduates from many educational institutions are not trained for tasks that are essential in tourism-related businesses–More than 40% of tourism-related courses prepare graduates for management positions. However, management positions account for only 3% of the workforce needs in the Thai tourism cluster
Volumen 1/Nº 2/enero-febrero 1999 entretenimiento en Hollywood, de las finanzas en Wall Street, o de la electrónica de consumo en Japón. Los clusters afectan la competitividad dentro de los países, y también más allá de las fronteras... more
Volumen 1/Nº 2/enero-febrero 1999 entretenimiento en Hollywood, de las finanzas en Wall Street, o de la electrónica de consumo en Japón. Los clusters afectan la competitividad dentro de los países, y también más allá de las fronteras nacionales. Por lo tanto, la nueva agenda de los ejecutivos no sólo debe incluir a quienes son sus rivales a escala global.
A predominant impulse of managed care systems is to attempt to achieve savings not by redesign of care systems but by management overlays, benefit restrictions, and strong incentives to limit referrals to specialists and hospitals... We... more
A predominant impulse of managed care systems is to attempt to achieve savings not by redesign of care systems but by management overlays, benefit restrictions, and strong incentives to limit referrals to specialists and hospitals... We believe that a better approach is to innovate in care delivery with an emphasis on'rationalizing'rather than'rationing'care. 1
Summary This report describes the events and activities that occurred during D321b, a joint SAMS/NOCS cruise on the NERC RRS Discovery that took place in the late summer of 2007. The principle objective of the cruise was to undertake the... more
Summary This report describes the events and activities that occurred during D321b, a joint SAMS/NOCS cruise on the NERC RRS Discovery that took place in the late summer of 2007. The principle objective of the cruise was to undertake the sampling of the Extended Ellett Line, an annual section of CTD and biogeochemical (nutrients, chlorophyll and particulate carbon-nitrogen) monitoring stations that runs from Iceland to Rockall and on to Ardnamurchan Point in Scotland.
Most general managers know that the revolution is under way, and few dispute its importance. As more and more of their time and investment capital is absorbed in information technology and its effects, executives have a growing awareness... more
Most general managers know that the revolution is under way, and few dispute its importance. As more and more of their time and investment capital is absorbed in information technology and its effects, executives have a growing awareness that the technology can no longer be the exclusive territory of EDP or IS departments. As they see their rivals use information for competitive advantage, these executives recognize the need to become directly involved in the management of the new technology.
81 ЕКОНОМИКА 1. Competitiveness of Serbian Economy “An enterprise has a competitive advantage if its profitability is larger than the average profitability of any other enterprise in that industry during a certain period of time” Michael... more
81 ЕКОНОМИКА 1. Competitiveness of Serbian Economy “An enterprise has a competitive advantage if its profitability is larger than the average profitability of any other enterprise in that industry during a certain period of time” Michael E. Porter The period of transition which is still here for Serbian companies, confirmed the theory that for efficient market, competitiveness is necessary, that is, competitive economy.
Achieving good patient health outcomes is the fundamental purpose of health care. Measuring, reporting, and comparing outcomes is perhaps the most important step toward unlocking rapid outcome improvement and making good choices about... more
Achieving good patient health outcomes is the fundamental purpose of health care. Measuring, reporting, and comparing outcomes is perhaps the most important step toward unlocking rapid outcome improvement and making good choices about reducing costs. Outcomes are the true measures of quality in health care. Understanding the outcomes achieved is also critical to ensuring that cost reduction is value enhancing.
The purpose of this research project is to determine global strategies that companies of the UK should improve in case of Kazakhstan gas and oil sector. Research begins with the literature review process, which provides different theories... more
The purpose of this research project is to determine global strategies that companies of the UK should improve in case of Kazakhstan gas and oil sector. Research begins with the literature review process, which provides different theories and continues with further methodology. This helps to construct the structure of the future dissertation topic.
1 CHARTERED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACT PTE LTD 445 2 HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 369 3 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, INCORPORATED 220 4 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 138 5 TRITECH MICROELECTRONICS, LTD. 136 6 MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 105... more
1 CHARTERED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACT PTE LTD 445 2 HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY 369 3 TEXAS INSTRUMENTS, INCORPORATED 220 4 NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 138 5 TRITECH MICROELECTRONICS, LTD. 136 6 MATSUSHITA ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD. 105 7 TRITECH MICROELECTRONICS INTERNAT. PTE LTD. 82 8 MOTOROLA, INC. 82
International competition. Citizens from most of the olderindustrialized countries have become obsessed with it since the first Japanese cars started selling well. Vulnerability has replaced invincibility as the word many would use to... more
International competition. Citizens from most of the olderindustrialized countries have become obsessed with it since the first Japanese cars started selling well. Vulnerability has replaced invincibility as the word many would use to describe once firmly established international companies. But this disquiet obscures the steady achievements a number of corporations have made against competition from companies based outside their coun tries.
HBR. ORG they are unable to link cost to process improvements or outcomes, preventing them from making systemic and sustainable cost reductions. Instead, providers (and payors) turn to simplistic actions such as across-the-board cuts in... more
HBR. ORG they are unable to link cost to process improvements or outcomes, preventing them from making systemic and sustainable cost reductions. Instead, providers (and payors) turn to simplistic actions such as across-the-board cuts in expensive services, sta compensation, and head count. But imposing arbitrary spending limits on discrete components of care, or on specic line-item expense categories, achieves only marginal savings that often lead to higher total systems costs and poorer outcomes.
The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) has long been a globally recognized ranking of country competitiveness and a tool for benchmarking country strengths and weaknesses. In an effort to continually introduce the best available... more
The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) has long been a globally recognized ranking of country competitiveness and a tool for benchmarking country strengths and weaknesses. In an effort to continually introduce the best available methodology in preparing the rankings, there has been a series of improvements in the methodology over the years.
Book Description: the fast moving area of strategy, this text provides the most comprehensive treatment of both rational and creative approaches to the subject. This revised and fully-updated edition continues to present a comprehensive,... more
Book Description: the fast moving area of strategy, this text provides the most comprehensive treatment of both rational and creative approaches to the subject. This revised and fully-updated edition continues to present a comprehensive, well-structured and critical treatment of strategic management for both the private and public sectors. This text presents a comprehensive and critical treatment of strategic management for both the private and public sectors.
• Vietnam has made clear progress on opening up financial markets, more recently also to foreign companies as part of the WTO agreement• But the weakness of Vietnam's financial markets even before the global crisis, and the financing... more
• Vietnam has made clear progress on opening up financial markets, more recently also to foreign companies as part of the WTO agreement• But the weakness of Vietnam's financial markets even before the global crisis, and the financing constraints faced by private companies, indicate that serious challenges remain
Además, destaca la relevancia de los cúmulos o agrupaciones sectoriales y analiza el papel del Estado en la competitividad de las empresas y las naciones. El autor afirma que “la prosperidad nacional se crea, no se hereda” y que la... more
Además, destaca la relevancia de los cúmulos o agrupaciones sectoriales y analiza el papel del Estado en la competitividad de las empresas y las naciones. El autor afirma que “la prosperidad nacional se crea, no se hereda” y que la innovación continua en las empresas es un requisito necesario para alcanzar esa prosperidad económica y social.
Competitiveness is a central preoccupation of both advanced and developing countries in an increasingly open and integrated world economy. In this chapter, we define competitiveness and offer a conceptual framework for understanding its... more
Competitiveness is a central preoccupation of both advanced and developing countries in an increasingly open and integrated world economy. In this chapter, we define competitiveness and offer a conceptual framework for understanding its causes with a focus on the microeconomic level. Despite its acknowledged importance, the concept of competitiveness is still misunderstood, and a discussion of its underpinnings remains a central task.
Durante casi dos décadas, los ejecutivos han estado aprendiendo a desempeñarse de acuerdo a un nuevo conjunto de reglas. Las empresas deben tener la flexibilidad suficiente para responder con rapidez a los cambios competitivos y del... more
Durante casi dos décadas, los ejecutivos han estado aprendiendo a desempeñarse de acuerdo a un nuevo conjunto de reglas. Las empresas deben tener la flexibilidad suficiente para responder con rapidez a los cambios competitivos y del mercado. Deben compararse incesantemente con un benchmark para lograr una mejor práctica. Deben tercerizar en forma agresiva con el fin de adquirir eficiencia en diferentes ámbitos. Asimismo, deben fomentar algunas competencias centrales para mantenerse a la cabeza de sus rivales.
The annual Global Competitiveness Report is widely recognized as the world's leading cross-country comparison of data and information relating to economic competitiveness and growth. Over the years, the Report has become the most... more
The annual Global Competitiveness Report is widely recognized as the world's leading cross-country comparison of data and information relating to economic competitiveness and growth. Over the years, the Report has become the most authoritative and comprehensive assessment of the comparative strengths and weaknesses of national economies throughout the world.
Abstract The nature and degree of competition in an industry hinge on five forces: the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of customers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitute products or services (where... more
Abstract The nature and degree of competition in an industry hinge on five forces: the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of customers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitute products or services (where applicable), and the jockeying among current contestants. To establish a strategic agenda for dealing with these contending currents and to grow despite them, a company must understand how they work in its industry and how they affect the company in its particular situation.
When examining the environmental changes facing firms today, it is a rare observer who will conclude that international competition is not high on the list. The growing importance of international competition is well recognized both in... more
When examining the environmental changes facing firms today, it is a rare observer who will conclude that international competition is not high on the list. The growing importance of international competition is well recognized both in the business and academic communities, tor reasons that are fairly obvious when one looks at just about any data set that exists on international trade or investment. Figure 2.1, for example, compares world trade and world GNP.
En el último decenio, tanto los estudiosos como los policymakers han dedicado una atención creciente al importante papel que la innovación tecnológica desempeña en el crecimiento económico. Existen al menos dos razones distintas para el... more
En el último decenio, tanto los estudiosos como los policymakers han dedicado una atención creciente al importante papel que la innovación tecnológica desempeña en el crecimiento económico. Existen al menos dos razones distintas para el aumento de este interés.
Competitive advantage. The value chain. Five forces. Industry structure. Differentiation. Relative cost. If you want to understand how companies achieve and sustain competitive success, Michael Porter's frameworks are the foundation. But... more
Competitive advantage. The value chain. Five forces. Industry structure. Differentiation. Relative cost. If you want to understand how companies achieve and sustain competitive success, Michael Porter's frameworks are the foundation. But while everyone in business may know Porter's name, many managers misunderstand and misuse his concepts. Understanding Michael Porter sets the record straight, providing the first concise, accessible summary of Porter's revolutionary thinking.
This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter's articles and books, in particular, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (The Free Press, 1990), “Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Competitiveness,” in The Global... more
This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter's articles and books, in particular, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (The Free Press, 1990), “Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Competitiveness,” in The Global Competitiveness Report 2007/08 (World Economic Forum, 2007), “Clusters and the New Competitive Agenda for Companies and Governments” in On Competition (Harvard Business School Press, 1998), and ongoing research on clusters and competitiveness.
Michael E. Porter and Claas van der Linde he relationship between environmental goals and industrial competitive-ness has normally been thought of as involving a tradeoff between social benefits and private costs. The issue was how to... more
Michael E. Porter and Claas van der Linde he relationship between environmental goals and industrial competitive-ness has normally been thought of as involving a tradeoff between social benefits and private costs. The issue was how to balance society's desire for environmental protection with the economic burden on industry. Framed this way, environmental improvement becomes a kind of arm-wrestling match. One side pushes for tougher standards; the other side tries to beat the standards back.
Joe Bain's concept of barriers to new competition was a turning point for the study of industrial organization.' It both explained how concentrated sellers could persistently distort efficient resource allocation and successfully... more
Joe Bain's concept of barriers to new competition was a turning point for the study of industrial organization.' It both explained how concentrated sellers could persistently distort efficient resource allocation and successfully predicted how these distortions would vary -rom industry to industry. Bain's major empirical hypotheses have received strong support from subsequent statistical research. And his theoretical model has been formalized and extended.
This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter's articles and books, in particular, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (The Free Press, 1990), “Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Competitiveness,” in The Global... more
This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter's articles and books, in particular, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (The Free Press, 1990), “Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Competitiveness,” in The Global Competitiveness Report 2006 (World Economic Forum, 2006), “Clusters and the New Competitive Agenda for Companies and Governments” in On Competition (Harvard Business School Press, 1998), and ongoing research on clusters and competitiveness.
This static view of environmental regulation, in which everything except regulation is held constant, is incorrect. If technology, products, processes, and customer needs were all fixed, the conclusion that regulation must raise costs... more
This static view of environmental regulation, in which everything except regulation is held constant, is incorrect. If technology, products, processes, and customer needs were all fixed, the conclusion that regulation must raise costs would be inevitable. But companies operate in the real world of dynamic competition, not in the static world of much economic theory. They are constantly finding innovative solutions to pressures of all sorts–from competitors, customers, and regulators.
Sempre me impressionou muito o espírito empreendedor dos administradores brasileiros. O Brasil é um país onde há muitos talentos incríveis atropelados pelo sistema, talentos que têm de lidar com um monte de desvantagens e impossibilidades... more
Sempre me impressionou muito o espírito empreendedor dos administradores brasileiros. O Brasil é um país onde há muitos talentos incríveis atropelados pelo sistema, talentos que têm de lidar com um monte de desvantagens e impossibilidades por causa do ambiente. Mas sempre há essa energia, o espírito empreendedor, criativo. Quando eu vinha ao Brasil, há 20 anos, para falar sobre estratégia, o típico administrador brasileiro me dizia:" Ora, eu não posso ter uma estratégia--tudo é instável demais.
O sistema capitalista está sitiado. Nos últimos anos, a atividade empresarial foi cada vez mais vista como uma das principais causas de problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos. É generalizada a percepção de que a empresa prospera à... more
O sistema capitalista está sitiado. Nos últimos anos, a atividade empresarial foi cada vez mais vista como uma das principais causas de problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos. É generalizada a percepção de que a empresa prospera à custa da comunidade que a cerca.
2. Abstract The Project on Capital Choices, sponsored by the Harvard Business School and the Council on Competitiveness, initially set out to determine the extent to which the competitiveness of American industry is being undermined by a... more
2. Abstract The Project on Capital Choices, sponsored by the Harvard Business School and the Council on Competitiveness, initially set out to determine the extent to which the competitiveness of American industry is being undermined by a short time horizon. The project has since evolved into a broader examination of how private capital is allocated in the United States, Japan, and Germany and an assessment of the relative effectiveness of the American corporate governance system.
BACKGROUND HIV was first identified in 1981. By 2006, 39 million people were living with HIV/AIDS and more than 27 million had been killed by the disease. 2 Of those living with HIV/AIDS in 2006, 25 million were living in resource poor... more
BACKGROUND HIV was first identified in 1981. By 2006, 39 million people were living with HIV/AIDS and more than 27 million had been killed by the disease. 2 Of those living with HIV/AIDS in 2006, 25 million were living in resource poor settings in sub-Saharan Africa where the adult prevalence rate was 7.2 percent. While sub-Saharan Africa was home to 10% of the world's population, it was home to 64% of the world's HIV/AIDS patients. 3
This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter's articles and books, in particular, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (The Free Press, 1990), “Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Competitiveness,” in The Global... more
This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter's articles and books, in particular, The Competitive Advantage of Nations (The Free Press, 1990), “Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Competitiveness,” in The Global Competitiveness Report 2006 (World Economic Forum, 2006), “Clusters and the New Competitive Agenda for Companies and Governments” in On Competition (Harvard Business School Press, 1998), and ongoing research on clusters and competitiveness.
P ORTER ME (2003) The economic performance of regions, Reg. Studies 37, 549-578. This paper examines the basic facts about the regional economic performance, the composition of regional economies and the role of clusters in the US economy... more
P ORTER ME (2003) The economic performance of regions, Reg. Studies 37, 549-578. This paper examines the basic facts about the regional economic performance, the composition of regional economies and the role of clusters in the US economy over period of 1990 to 2000. The performance of regional economies varies markedly in terms of wage, wage growth, employment growth and patenting rate.
Summary In the emerging field of industrial ecology one of the unsettled questions is the degree to which design for the environment, closing energy and materials loops, and other industrial ecology concepts apply at the firm level. In... more
Summary In the emerging field of industrial ecology one of the unsettled questions is the degree to which design for the environment, closing energy and materials loops, and other industrial ecology concepts apply at the firm level. In this article we examine this issue with a particular focus on whether industrial ecology can guide company strategy and efforts to enhance competitiveness.
This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter's books and articles, in particular,“Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Prosperity,” in The Global Competitiveness Report 2006-07 (World Economic Forum, 2006);“Clusters and the... more
This presentation draws on ideas from Professor Porter's books and articles, in particular,“Building the Microeconomic Foundations of Prosperity,” in The Global Competitiveness Report 2006-07 (World Economic Forum, 2006);“Clusters and the New Competitive Agenda for Companies and Governments,” in On Competition (Harvard Business School Press, 1998); Clusters of Innovation Initiative (www. compete. org), a joint effort of the Council on Competitiveness, Monitor Group, and ongoing research.
'Estratégia competitiva'transformou a teoria, a prática eo ensino da estratégia em todo o mundo. A análise de Porter da indústria captura a complexidade da competição na indústria com base em cinco forças subjacentes. Ele introduz uma das... more
'Estratégia competitiva'transformou a teoria, a prática eo ensino da estratégia em todo o mundo. A análise de Porter da indústria captura a complexidade da competição na indústria com base em cinco forças subjacentes. Ele introduz uma das mais importantes ferramentas competitivas já desenvolvidas-as três estratégias genéricas-custo mais baixo, diferenciação e foco, que estruturam a tarefa do posicionamento estratégico.
Abstract Epidemiologic studies have associated exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) with exacerbations of asthma. It is unknown how different sources of PM affect innate immunity. We sought to determine how car-and diesel... more
Abstract Epidemiologic studies have associated exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) with exacerbations of asthma. It is unknown how different sources of PM affect innate immunity. We sought to determine how car-and diesel exhaust–derived PM affects dendritic cell (DC) activation. DC development was modeled using CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. Airborne PM was collected from exhaust plenums of Fort McHenry Tunnel providing car-enriched particles (CEP) and diesel-enriched particles (DEP).
Competitiveness has become a central preoccupation of both advanced and developing countries in an increasingly open and integrated world economy. Despite its acknowledged importance, the concept of competitiveness is often misunderstood.... more
Competitiveness has become a central preoccupation of both advanced and developing countries in an increasingly open and integrated world economy. Despite its acknowledged importance, the concept of competitiveness is often misunderstood. Here, we define competitiveness concretely and show its direct relationship to a nation's standard of living. The Current Competitiveness Index provides a conceptual framework and a data-rich basis to analyze the fundamental competitiveness of countries in a comparative context.
BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) translate environmental cues into T-cell activating signals, and are centrally involved in allergic airway inflammation. Ambient particulate matter (APM) is ubiquitous and associated with allergic... more
BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) translate environmental cues into T-cell activating signals, and are centrally involved in allergic airway inflammation. Ambient particulate matter (APM) is ubiquitous and associated with allergic diseases, but it is unknown whether APM directly activates DCs. OBJECTIVE: To study comprehensively the effects of APM on myeloid DC phenotype and function. METHODS: Development of DC was modeled using human CD34+ progenitor cells.
Abstract: The role of location in the'new'microeconomics of competition not only involves its effects on factor endowments and size, but also, its influence on productivity and productivity growth. It is observed that corporate... more
Abstract: The role of location in the'new'microeconomics of competition not only involves its effects on factor endowments and size, but also, its influence on productivity and productivity growth. It is observed that corporate competition is determined by the quality of the business environment. Improved productivity is found in companies that implement environmental regulations as these policies lessen transaction costs and support product and process innovation.
The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) is widely recognized as the world's leading cross-country comparison of factors affecting economic competitiveness and growth. First released in 1979, the Report provides the... more
The World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) is widely recognized as the world's leading cross-country comparison of factors affecting economic competitiveness and growth. First released in 1979, the Report provides the most comprehensive assessment of competitiveness of over 120 developed and emerging economies.