Three millennia of cross-Mediterranean bonds are revealed by the 18 expert summaries in this book... more Three millennia of cross-Mediterranean bonds are revealed by the 18 expert summaries in this book—from the dawn of the Bronze Age to the budding of Hellenization. An international team of acclaimed specialists in their fields—archaeologists, historians, geomorphologists, and metallurgists—shed light on a plethora of aspects associated with travelling this age-old sea and its periphery: environmental factors; the formation of harbors; gateways; commodities; the crucial role of metals; cultural impact; and the way to interpret the agents such as Canaanites, "Sea Peoples," Phoenicians, and pirates. The book will engage any student of the Old World in the 3000 years before the Common Era.
Qedem Reports 11: Ayelet Gilboa, Ilan Sharon, Jeffrey R. Zorn and Sveta Matskevich. EXCAVATIONS AT DOR, FINAL REPORT VOLUME IIB. AREA G, THE LATE BRONZE AND IRON AGES: POTTERY, ARTIFACTS, ECOFACTS AND OTHER STUDIES, 2018
Qedem 12: Ayelet Gilboa, Ilan Sharon, Jeffrey R. Zorn and Sveta Matskevich. EXCAVATIONS AT DOR, FINAL REPORT VOLUME IIC AREA G, THE LATE BRONZE AND IRON AGES: Pottery Plates, Phase Plans and Index of Loci, 2018
In this paper I look at Solomon and Hiram’s joint maritime ventures as narrated in the Bible from... more In this paper I look at Solomon and Hiram’s joint maritime ventures as narrated in the Bible from a long-term archaeological perspective. I show that the second half of the tenth century bce indeed constitutes a watershed in the recovery of Levantine sea-borne trade after the late Bronze Age collapse, which may be understood as providing support for the Biblical texts. I argue, however, that there is no compelling reason to attribute this phenomenon to royal initiative
Levantine “Phoenician” transport-jars developed from the 9th through 7th century BCE distinct mor... more Levantine “Phoenician” transport-jars developed from the 9th through 7th century BCE distinct morphological features which allow for typological definitions of high resolution. In contrast, contemporary ceramics produced in the Southern Levant are often characterized by continuation and a lack of distinction. The exceptional high research and excavation density in the Southern Levant in tandem with the available historical records are applied here to reconstruct the chronological development of the transport-jars with a relative high resolution. During the same period, the “Phoenician” expansion reached the entire Mediterranean as well as vast continental areas in the Ancient Near East, rendering the proposed chronological conclusions of significant importance beyond the Southern Levant. Keywords: “Phoenician” Transport-Jars; Ancient Maritime Trade; Ancient Mediterranean; Southern Phoenicia; Tel Shiqmona; Tel Dor; Tell Keisan
Archaeological research of the Sea Peoples phenomenon in the sou them Levant is largely dominated... more Archaeological research of the Sea Peoples phenomenon in the sou them Levant is largely dominated by finds in Philistia and by Egyptian and biblical records. Based on this evidence, with few exceptions (in recent years this has been mainly S. Sherratt, e.g., 1998), most scholars would concur nowadays that many material cultural phenomena in Early Iron Age Philistia can best be explained by the arrival of a significant new population. Deoates concern mainly the following points: (1) the origin of this population, chiefly in the Aegean-Anatolian sphere (Mazar 1988: 256-257; T. Dothan 2003; Yasur-Landau 2003a; Singer 1988; 1992), or in Cyprus (e.g., Brug 1985: 135; Killebrew 2000), (2) the way the newcomers arrived-by land or by sea (e.g., Yasur Landau 2003b), (3) the size of the new population (Stager 1995: 344 vs. Finkelstein 2000: 172), (4) the chronology of the settlement process and, as an integral part of this issue, (5) tne balance of power between the Philistines and the Egypti...
The 7th century in the southern Levant is characterized by Assyrian rule and subsequent Egyptian ... more The 7th century in the southern Levant is characterized by Assyrian rule and subsequent Egyptian domination. Despite the relatively violent nature of this century, and abundant historical documentation, occupations both in the southern Levant and Lebanon are dated with low resolution. This deficiency was mainly created by a lack of destruction layers within this century, resulting in a dearth of chronological anchors for ceramic developments. At Tel Shiqmona, a unique purple-production centre that had been frequently destroyed, an unparalleled sequence of five layers of late Iron Age destructions/abandonments has been preserved, spanning a little over 100 years. These enable the definition of detailed typological developments of Phoenician transport jars. Being a widely distributed commercial vessel, exhibiting frequent typological changes and originating from a limited number of workshops, these jars constitute the best chronological index yet for the late Iron Age Levant. This paper presents the Tel Shiqmona sequence, outlines the typological development of the jars and explains their chronological designations. The benefits of defining archaeological sub-divisions within the 7th century BCE are highlighted by two examples: the chronology of Tyre; and settlement/geopolitical dynamics in the Assyrian province of Megiddo. It is argued that this chronological tool can be applied broadly around the Mediterranean.
“SEA PEOPLES” UP-TO-DATE New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th–11th Centuries BCE, 2015
Scholars dealing with transformations in Mediterranean commercial
spheres after the collapse of ... more Scholars dealing with transformations in Mediterranean commercial spheres after the collapse of the Bronze Age World, usually accredit ‘The Phoenicians’ with renascent (or continuing) commercial initiatives on the Levantine side – a first step in the Phoenicians’ commercial ‘expansion’ that will come to fruition in the later Iron Age. By the term ‘Phoenicians’ they mean polities and/or peoples in Lebanon, more specifically in southern Lebanon. In that region, the argument goes, the impact of the invading Sea People was negligible and therefore commercial activities and maritime traffic continued unabated. In this paper we explore this communis opinio by attempting to determine exactly which Levantine regions were involved in maritime circulation of goods in the early Iron Age. The only medium suitable for this purpose is pottery that travelled aboard ships, which survives abundantly enough and whose production centres can be determined with good resolution. We conclude that the process was more complex: In the early Iron Age, the Phoenician cultural sphere should be extended southward beyond Lebanon, to Israel’s Carmel and Sharon coasts, usually conceptualized by modern scholarship as Sea People territory. Only by the mid-9th century BCE does this region abruptly stop its engagement in maritime exchange of goods and the town of Dor – its main port town – is transformed from a trading entrepôt to an administrative centre. The annexation of the Carmel/Sharon regions by the northern Kingdom of Israel may be the explanation for this. The cessation of seafaring activity in Southern Phoenicia facilitated the rise of the cities of Central Phoenicia (i.e. southern Lebanon) to maritime supremacy.
Information on submitting manuscripts, about transferral and retainment of rights, as well as the... more Information on submitting manuscripts, about transferral and retainment of rights, as well as the correct presentation style for submissions can be found at www.mohrsiebeck.com/hebai by selecting "Manuscripts".
I propose here a new way to look at the process through which, following the Bronze Age collapse ... more I propose here a new way to look at the process through which, following the Bronze Age collapse and culminating in the second half of the 9th century B.C.E., polities in south Lebanon became the most important Levantine commercial hubs in the Mediterranean and the main patrons of the so-called Phoenician expansion. My approach differs from others dealing with the Phoenician question in that its definitions are not projected from a yet-to-happen "Phoenician" phenomenon in the West. It is an archaeological bottom-up diachronic approach and considers the entire Levantine coast and not Lebanon only, which is traditionally considered the Phoenician homeland. I argue that what may be termed the earliest Phoenician mercantile maritime ventures, in the early Iron Age, were launched mainly from the Carmel Coast and were directed mainly toward Egypt. Gradually this phenomenon expanded geographically, a process that can be followed closely. It was stimulated and conditioned mainly by the effects of Egypt's withdrawal from Canaan, by the Late Cypriot IIIA collapse, by the slow recovery of the Syrian coast in the early Iron Age, and by environmental factors. The paper synthesizes several decades of research on Mediterranean issues, mainly in connection to Tel Dor on Israel's Carmel Coast.
Three millennia of cross-Mediterranean bonds are revealed by the 18 expert summaries in this book... more Three millennia of cross-Mediterranean bonds are revealed by the 18 expert summaries in this book—from the dawn of the Bronze Age to the budding of Hellenization. An international team of acclaimed specialists in their fields—archaeologists, historians, geomorphologists, and metallurgists—shed light on a plethora of aspects associated with travelling this age-old sea and its periphery: environmental factors; the formation of harbors; gateways; commodities; the crucial role of metals; cultural impact; and the way to interpret the agents such as Canaanites, "Sea Peoples," Phoenicians, and pirates. The book will engage any student of the Old World in the 3000 years before the Common Era.
Qedem Reports 11: Ayelet Gilboa, Ilan Sharon, Jeffrey R. Zorn and Sveta Matskevich. EXCAVATIONS AT DOR, FINAL REPORT VOLUME IIB. AREA G, THE LATE BRONZE AND IRON AGES: POTTERY, ARTIFACTS, ECOFACTS AND OTHER STUDIES, 2018
Qedem 12: Ayelet Gilboa, Ilan Sharon, Jeffrey R. Zorn and Sveta Matskevich. EXCAVATIONS AT DOR, FINAL REPORT VOLUME IIC AREA G, THE LATE BRONZE AND IRON AGES: Pottery Plates, Phase Plans and Index of Loci, 2018
In this paper I look at Solomon and Hiram’s joint maritime ventures as narrated in the Bible from... more In this paper I look at Solomon and Hiram’s joint maritime ventures as narrated in the Bible from a long-term archaeological perspective. I show that the second half of the tenth century bce indeed constitutes a watershed in the recovery of Levantine sea-borne trade after the late Bronze Age collapse, which may be understood as providing support for the Biblical texts. I argue, however, that there is no compelling reason to attribute this phenomenon to royal initiative
Levantine “Phoenician” transport-jars developed from the 9th through 7th century BCE distinct mor... more Levantine “Phoenician” transport-jars developed from the 9th through 7th century BCE distinct morphological features which allow for typological definitions of high resolution. In contrast, contemporary ceramics produced in the Southern Levant are often characterized by continuation and a lack of distinction. The exceptional high research and excavation density in the Southern Levant in tandem with the available historical records are applied here to reconstruct the chronological development of the transport-jars with a relative high resolution. During the same period, the “Phoenician” expansion reached the entire Mediterranean as well as vast continental areas in the Ancient Near East, rendering the proposed chronological conclusions of significant importance beyond the Southern Levant. Keywords: “Phoenician” Transport-Jars; Ancient Maritime Trade; Ancient Mediterranean; Southern Phoenicia; Tel Shiqmona; Tel Dor; Tell Keisan
Archaeological research of the Sea Peoples phenomenon in the sou them Levant is largely dominated... more Archaeological research of the Sea Peoples phenomenon in the sou them Levant is largely dominated by finds in Philistia and by Egyptian and biblical records. Based on this evidence, with few exceptions (in recent years this has been mainly S. Sherratt, e.g., 1998), most scholars would concur nowadays that many material cultural phenomena in Early Iron Age Philistia can best be explained by the arrival of a significant new population. Deoates concern mainly the following points: (1) the origin of this population, chiefly in the Aegean-Anatolian sphere (Mazar 1988: 256-257; T. Dothan 2003; Yasur-Landau 2003a; Singer 1988; 1992), or in Cyprus (e.g., Brug 1985: 135; Killebrew 2000), (2) the way the newcomers arrived-by land or by sea (e.g., Yasur Landau 2003b), (3) the size of the new population (Stager 1995: 344 vs. Finkelstein 2000: 172), (4) the chronology of the settlement process and, as an integral part of this issue, (5) tne balance of power between the Philistines and the Egypti...
The 7th century in the southern Levant is characterized by Assyrian rule and subsequent Egyptian ... more The 7th century in the southern Levant is characterized by Assyrian rule and subsequent Egyptian domination. Despite the relatively violent nature of this century, and abundant historical documentation, occupations both in the southern Levant and Lebanon are dated with low resolution. This deficiency was mainly created by a lack of destruction layers within this century, resulting in a dearth of chronological anchors for ceramic developments. At Tel Shiqmona, a unique purple-production centre that had been frequently destroyed, an unparalleled sequence of five layers of late Iron Age destructions/abandonments has been preserved, spanning a little over 100 years. These enable the definition of detailed typological developments of Phoenician transport jars. Being a widely distributed commercial vessel, exhibiting frequent typological changes and originating from a limited number of workshops, these jars constitute the best chronological index yet for the late Iron Age Levant. This paper presents the Tel Shiqmona sequence, outlines the typological development of the jars and explains their chronological designations. The benefits of defining archaeological sub-divisions within the 7th century BCE are highlighted by two examples: the chronology of Tyre; and settlement/geopolitical dynamics in the Assyrian province of Megiddo. It is argued that this chronological tool can be applied broadly around the Mediterranean.
“SEA PEOPLES” UP-TO-DATE New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th–11th Centuries BCE, 2015
Scholars dealing with transformations in Mediterranean commercial
spheres after the collapse of ... more Scholars dealing with transformations in Mediterranean commercial spheres after the collapse of the Bronze Age World, usually accredit ‘The Phoenicians’ with renascent (or continuing) commercial initiatives on the Levantine side – a first step in the Phoenicians’ commercial ‘expansion’ that will come to fruition in the later Iron Age. By the term ‘Phoenicians’ they mean polities and/or peoples in Lebanon, more specifically in southern Lebanon. In that region, the argument goes, the impact of the invading Sea People was negligible and therefore commercial activities and maritime traffic continued unabated. In this paper we explore this communis opinio by attempting to determine exactly which Levantine regions were involved in maritime circulation of goods in the early Iron Age. The only medium suitable for this purpose is pottery that travelled aboard ships, which survives abundantly enough and whose production centres can be determined with good resolution. We conclude that the process was more complex: In the early Iron Age, the Phoenician cultural sphere should be extended southward beyond Lebanon, to Israel’s Carmel and Sharon coasts, usually conceptualized by modern scholarship as Sea People territory. Only by the mid-9th century BCE does this region abruptly stop its engagement in maritime exchange of goods and the town of Dor – its main port town – is transformed from a trading entrepôt to an administrative centre. The annexation of the Carmel/Sharon regions by the northern Kingdom of Israel may be the explanation for this. The cessation of seafaring activity in Southern Phoenicia facilitated the rise of the cities of Central Phoenicia (i.e. southern Lebanon) to maritime supremacy.
Information on submitting manuscripts, about transferral and retainment of rights, as well as the... more Information on submitting manuscripts, about transferral and retainment of rights, as well as the correct presentation style for submissions can be found at www.mohrsiebeck.com/hebai by selecting "Manuscripts".
I propose here a new way to look at the process through which, following the Bronze Age collapse ... more I propose here a new way to look at the process through which, following the Bronze Age collapse and culminating in the second half of the 9th century B.C.E., polities in south Lebanon became the most important Levantine commercial hubs in the Mediterranean and the main patrons of the so-called Phoenician expansion. My approach differs from others dealing with the Phoenician question in that its definitions are not projected from a yet-to-happen "Phoenician" phenomenon in the West. It is an archaeological bottom-up diachronic approach and considers the entire Levantine coast and not Lebanon only, which is traditionally considered the Phoenician homeland. I argue that what may be termed the earliest Phoenician mercantile maritime ventures, in the early Iron Age, were launched mainly from the Carmel Coast and were directed mainly toward Egypt. Gradually this phenomenon expanded geographically, a process that can be followed closely. It was stimulated and conditioned mainly by the effects of Egypt's withdrawal from Canaan, by the Late Cypriot IIIA collapse, by the slow recovery of the Syrian coast in the early Iron Age, and by environmental factors. The paper synthesizes several decades of research on Mediterranean issues, mainly in connection to Tel Dor on Israel's Carmel Coast.
The study of silver, which was an important means of currency in the Levant during the Bronze and... more The study of silver, which was an important means of currency in the Levant during the Bronze and Iron Ages (~ 1950-600 BCE), provides a large and extendable dataset for silver provenance. In this paper, nine silver hoards from the Southern Levant dating to the Iron Age IIB-C (eighth, seventh, and early-sixth centuries BCE) are discussed in an effort to determine the source/s of the metal. The results show that Iberia, which was exploited by the Phoenicians and provided silver to the Levant already in the ninth century BCE, continued to dominate the Levantine market for more than a century and was the main silver source for Judah and Philistia throughout the Iron Age IIB (eighth century BCE). Later, during the Iron Age IIC, hoards in the Levant reflect a momentous change, as they contain, for the first time since the Late Bronze Age, mostly silver from Laurion (mainland Greece) and Siphnos in the Aegean. This shift, which is dated to the 2 nd half of the seventh century BCE, appears to be related to historic developments: After the Assyrian Empire retreated from Western Asia ca. ~ 640/630 BCE, it left behind a political and administrative void, which the Saitic Egyptians took advantage of, attempting to regain power in the Levant. As a result, the Phoenicians lost their privileged position as sole providers of silver to the Neo-Assyrian Empire, and the market opened to new agents-especially East Greek traders. This shift probably affected the Phoenicians' apparatus in the Western Mediterranean and may have been one of the factors that eventually contributed to their detachment from the homeland, in the sixth century BCE.
The current study presents Ag isotopic values of 45 silver artifacts with known Pb isotopic compo... more The current study presents Ag isotopic values of 45 silver artifacts with known Pb isotopic composition from the Southern Levant. These items originate from seven pre-coinage silver hoards, dating from the Middle Bronze Age IIC to the end of the Iron Age (~1650–600 BCE). These are the earliest silver artifacts analyzed for Ag isotopes; all former studies were performed on coins. All the sampled silver in this study contains relatively unfractionated Ag (−2 ≤ ε109Ag ≤ 1.5) that was more likely produced from hypogene, primary Ag-bearing minerals (e.g., galena and jarosite) and not from native, supergene silver. Four of the sampled hoards containing silver from Anatolia and the West Mediterranean (Iberia and Sardinia) are associated with the Phoenician quest for silver (~950–700 BCE). A significant amount of this Phoenician silver (12/28 items) plots within a narrower range of −0.5 ≤ ε109Ag ≤ 0.5. This is in contrast to non-Phoenician silver, which mostly underwent some degree of fract...
A crucial step in any typological analysis is the determination of the prototypes according to wh... more A crucial step in any typological analysis is the determination of the prototypes according to which the assemblage is to be classified. Two conflicting requirements dictate this choice: the number of prototypes should be minimal to allow an efficient classification. At the same time, the set of prototypes should be comprehensive so that the essential variability of the original assemblage is reproduced by the prototypes. This problem is especially complex when the assemblage consists of ceramic vessels of the same genre such as e.g., storage jars, cooking pots or drinking cups. Here, we would like to present a computerized method to identify an optimal set of prototypes, which is based on the analysis of pottery profiles in terms of their curvature functions. The profiles are clustered according to their correlations (defined as the scalar products of the curvature functions). Averaging the curvature functions in each of the dominant branches yield a set of curvature functions, who...
This paper presents new and unpublished coastal and underwater Bronze Age assemblages from Tel Do... more This paper presents new and unpublished coastal and underwater Bronze Age assemblages from Tel Dor. We focus on finds originating from two areas: the well-built ashlar stone walls at the south bay, currently partially submerged under the sea and interpreted by Avner Raban as Late Bronze and Iron Age quays; and the massive walls in the “Love Bay” in the immediate vicinity of the current coastline, interpreted by Raban as Middle and Late Bronze Age architecture. To date, a large part of the ceramic assemblage from these two areas remains unpublished, including a number of Middle and Late Bronze Age imported ceramic wares. In addition, recent underwater surveys conducted by the University of Haifa yielded further evidence for Bronze Age activity in the bays of Dor; this includes pottery, some of which is imported, as well as possible Bronze Age anchors. We shall, in this paper, combine new and unpublished underwater evidence for maritime activity in Dor during the Bronze Age with a reexamination the chronology of coastal structures, in order to advance our understanding of the nature of maritime interactions and coastal infrastructure in the second millennium B.C.E.
Thursday, 22 November 2018
Colloquium marking the publication of "In Search of the Phoenicians"
b... more Thursday, 22 November 2018 Colloquium marking the publication of "In Search of the Phoenicians" by Josephine Crawley Quinn In Collaboration with The Maxwell Cummings Family Chair for the Study of Mediterranean Culture and History, Tel Aviv University
You may not like the attached but please try to read this through. It is the most difficult text ... more You may not like the attached but please try to read this through. It is the most difficult text I ever wrote. I write this as a 65 year old Israeli mother, grandmother and academic-a sworn leftist activist for my entire life, until three weeks ago.
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features which allow for typological definitions of high resolution. In contrast, contemporary ceramics produced in the
Southern Levant are often characterized by continuation and a lack of distinction. The exceptional high research and excavation density in the Southern Levant in tandem with the available historical records are applied here to reconstruct the
chronological development of the transport-jars with a relative high resolution. During the same period, the “Phoenician”
expansion reached the entire Mediterranean as well as vast continental areas in the Ancient Near East, rendering the proposed chronological conclusions of significant importance beyond the Southern Levant.
Keywords: “Phoenician” Transport-Jars; Ancient Maritime Trade; Ancient Mediterranean; Southern Phoenicia; Tel Shiqmona; Tel Dor; Tell Keisan
spheres after the collapse of the Bronze Age World, usually accredit
‘The Phoenicians’ with renascent (or continuing) commercial initiatives on the Levantine side – a first step in the Phoenicians’ commercial ‘expansion’ that will come to fruition in the later Iron Age. By
the term ‘Phoenicians’ they mean polities and/or peoples in Lebanon,
more specifically in southern Lebanon. In that region, the argument
goes, the impact of the invading Sea People was negligible and therefore commercial activities and maritime traffic continued unabated.
In this paper we explore this communis opinio by attempting to determine exactly which Levantine regions were involved in maritime
circulation of goods in the early Iron Age. The only medium suitable
for this purpose is pottery that travelled aboard ships, which survives
abundantly enough and whose production centres can be determined
with good resolution. We conclude that the process was more complex: In the early Iron Age, the Phoenician cultural sphere should be
extended southward beyond Lebanon, to Israel’s Carmel and Sharon
coasts, usually conceptualized by modern scholarship as Sea People
territory. Only by the mid-9th century BCE does this region abruptly
stop its engagement in maritime exchange of goods and the town of
Dor – its main port town – is transformed from a trading entrepôt
to an administrative centre. The annexation of the Carmel/Sharon
regions by the northern Kingdom of Israel may be the explanation
for this. The cessation of seafaring activity in Southern Phoenicia
facilitated the rise of the cities of Central Phoenicia (i.e. southern
Lebanon) to maritime supremacy.
features which allow for typological definitions of high resolution. In contrast, contemporary ceramics produced in the
Southern Levant are often characterized by continuation and a lack of distinction. The exceptional high research and excavation density in the Southern Levant in tandem with the available historical records are applied here to reconstruct the
chronological development of the transport-jars with a relative high resolution. During the same period, the “Phoenician”
expansion reached the entire Mediterranean as well as vast continental areas in the Ancient Near East, rendering the proposed chronological conclusions of significant importance beyond the Southern Levant.
Keywords: “Phoenician” Transport-Jars; Ancient Maritime Trade; Ancient Mediterranean; Southern Phoenicia; Tel Shiqmona; Tel Dor; Tell Keisan
spheres after the collapse of the Bronze Age World, usually accredit
‘The Phoenicians’ with renascent (or continuing) commercial initiatives on the Levantine side – a first step in the Phoenicians’ commercial ‘expansion’ that will come to fruition in the later Iron Age. By
the term ‘Phoenicians’ they mean polities and/or peoples in Lebanon,
more specifically in southern Lebanon. In that region, the argument
goes, the impact of the invading Sea People was negligible and therefore commercial activities and maritime traffic continued unabated.
In this paper we explore this communis opinio by attempting to determine exactly which Levantine regions were involved in maritime
circulation of goods in the early Iron Age. The only medium suitable
for this purpose is pottery that travelled aboard ships, which survives
abundantly enough and whose production centres can be determined
with good resolution. We conclude that the process was more complex: In the early Iron Age, the Phoenician cultural sphere should be
extended southward beyond Lebanon, to Israel’s Carmel and Sharon
coasts, usually conceptualized by modern scholarship as Sea People
territory. Only by the mid-9th century BCE does this region abruptly
stop its engagement in maritime exchange of goods and the town of
Dor – its main port town – is transformed from a trading entrepôt
to an administrative centre. The annexation of the Carmel/Sharon
regions by the northern Kingdom of Israel may be the explanation
for this. The cessation of seafaring activity in Southern Phoenicia
facilitated the rise of the cities of Central Phoenicia (i.e. southern
Lebanon) to maritime supremacy.
interpreted by Avner Raban as Late Bronze and Iron Age quays; and the massive walls in the “Love Bay” in the immediate vicinity of the current coastline, interpreted by Raban as Middle and Late Bronze Age architecture. To date, a large part of the ceramic assemblage from these two areas remains unpublished, including a number of Middle and Late Bronze Age imported ceramic wares. In addition, recent underwater surveys conducted by the University of Haifa yielded further evidence for Bronze Age activity in the bays of Dor; this includes pottery, some of which is imported, as well as possible Bronze Age anchors. We shall, in this paper, combine new and unpublished underwater evidence for maritime activity in Dor during the Bronze Age with a reexamination the chronology of coastal structures, in order to advance our understanding of the nature of maritime interactions and coastal infrastructure in the second millennium B.C.E.
Colloquium marking the publication of "In Search of the Phoenicians"
by Josephine Crawley Quinn
In Collaboration with The Maxwell Cummings Family Chair
for the Study of Mediterranean Culture and History, Tel Aviv University