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- Sports Medicine, Knee Biomechanics, Electromyography, Neuroscience, Neurorehabilitation, Spinal Cord Injured Treatment, and 15 moreGas and Urine Incontinency, Electrophysiology, Clinical Gait Analysis, Orthosis, stroke, gait modeling, Microneurography and Spontaneous Activity in Human Nociceptors, Electrotherapeutics, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Cognitive Psychology, Philosophy of Mind, Cognitive Neuroscience, Education, Social Sciences, History, and Biomechanicsedit
- Doctor of physical therapy and Rehabilitation ,Hacettepe University ,Ankara,Turkeyedit
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and evaluation of a new medial linkage reciprocating gait orthosis (MLRGO) that incorporates a reciprocal mechanism and is sensitive to pelvic motion to potentially assist... more
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and evaluation of a new medial linkage reciprocating gait orthosis (MLRGO) that incorporates a reciprocal mechanism and is sensitive to pelvic motion to potentially assist paraplegic patients to walk and provide functional independence. The new orthosis was constructed and tested by a 20-year-old female paraplegic subject with transverse myelitis at T10 level, who was 4 years post injury and had also been an isocentric reciprocating gait orthosis (IRGO) user for 2 years. She received gait training for 12 weeks before undertaking gait analysis, and also completed a questionnaire that was designed to assess the perceived functionality of the new MLRGO when compared with an IRGO. The results demonstrated improvements in gait velocity, step length and cadence, and also improvement in functional independence with the new orthosis compared with an IRGO. The results demonstrated that this new MLRGO could be used for paraplegic patien...
Research Interests:
The Effect of Dynamic Stretching and Continuous Ultrasound on Achilles Tendon and Quadriceps Tendon on Power and Flexibility in Male Soccer Players. Introduction: The importance of appropriate physical fitness prior to sports competitions... more
The Effect of Dynamic Stretching and Continuous Ultrasound on Achilles Tendon and Quadriceps Tendon on Power and Flexibility in Male Soccer Players. Introduction: The importance of appropriate physical fitness prior to sports competitions is clear for sport and healthcare Specialists. The importance of athletic Skill performance has a specific role in achieving best results with successful achievement and also to prevent imposing economic defaults in Sport through promoting the Physiological and Biomechanical parameters. Aims: The current study is a conjoined research from Rehabilitation and sport sciences fields regards using certain medical modalities and specific planned programs on some Physical characteristics in athletes in order to record their practical results and effects on some specific performances which are effective in competitions. Moreover in this study we want to make these effects and changes to be a reliable guideline to professional performances in professional t...
Introduction: Unsatisfactory results of conventional medical treatment methods for pressure sores in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have instigated the use of non-medical treatments, such as electrotherapy. However, the risk of... more
Introduction: Unsatisfactory results of conventional medical treatment methods for pressure sores in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have instigated the use of non-medical treatments, such as electrotherapy. However, the risk of burning in exposure to direct current (Galvanic) and contradictory propositions on the best applicable electrotherapeutic current during the method have prevented widespread application of electrotherapy. The purpose of this study was to show the effects of High-Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC) on the treatment of pressure sores resistant to routine medical treatment practices. Materials and Methods: The case series study involved the analysis of 8 SCI subjects with grade III and IV pressure sores around the pelvic area. All the subjects received HVPC electrotherapy for 12 daily sessions, during which the electrodes were placed as per the recommendations of routine electrotherapy protocol. The electric currents increased gradually until muscle contractio...
Introduction: The importance of appropriate physical fitness prior to sports competitions is clear for sport and healthcare Specialists. The importance of athletic Skill performance has a specific role in achieving best results with... more
Introduction:
The importance of appropriate physical fitness prior to sports competitions is clear for sport and healthcare Specialists. The importance of athletic Skill performance has a specific role in achieving best results with successful achievement and also to prevent imposing economic defaults in Sport through promoting the Physiological and Biomechanical parameters.
Aims:
The current study is a conjoined research from Rehabilitation and sport sciences fields regards using certain medical modalities and specific planned programs on some Physical characteristics in athletes in order to record their practical results and effects on some specific performances which are effective in competitions. Moreover in this study we want to make these effects and changes to be a reliable guideline to professional performances in professional tournaments.
Methods and Materials:
Twenty professional players with average age of 26 years old who are currently involving in Iranian football league participated in this research. After 5 minutes warm up, Knee flexion and Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of motion of both knees and ankles were measured and results were recorded also the Sargent test for all athletes were done and results were recorded too. Continuous Ultrasound, Dynamic stretching and integrated method (US+ Dynamic Stretch) were used for all 20 players respectively, and after applying of each one Sargent test and ROM measurement of Knee flexion and Ankle Dorsiflexion were recorded again for every athlete.
Statistical Analysis results:
After doing K-S test and having normal data distribution, Paired T test was done for pre and post data. Meaningful difference between pre and post data of Sargent test performing for U.S was not found (P=0/065). But in the other both methods, Dynamic Stretching and integrated method, meaningful difference was found (P=0/00), (P=0/00) respectively. For pre and post data of Knee and Ankle flexibility for all three methods meaningful difference were achieved.
Discussion and Conclusions:
What follows from this study is the role of professional preparation should be considered not neglected and ignored. And it is better that importance of integration of training and rehabilitation protocols, as well as cooperation of rehabilitation teams and Sport sciences experts already to be considered for sport specialists.
What is obtained from this study indicates the positive effect of integrated method of U.S and Dynamic Stretching than ultrasound or dynamic stretching alone and also the better ratio in results after dynamic Stretching than continuous ultrasound in the both variables, flexibility and power in athletic performances, which reflects this fact, the professional preparation before sports events can be associated with positive results.
Kew words:
Dynamic Stretching, Continuous ultrasound, Achilles tendon, Quadriceps tendon, power, flexibility, Adult soccer players
The importance of appropriate physical fitness prior to sports competitions is clear for sport and healthcare Specialists. The importance of athletic Skill performance has a specific role in achieving best results with successful achievement and also to prevent imposing economic defaults in Sport through promoting the Physiological and Biomechanical parameters.
Aims:
The current study is a conjoined research from Rehabilitation and sport sciences fields regards using certain medical modalities and specific planned programs on some Physical characteristics in athletes in order to record their practical results and effects on some specific performances which are effective in competitions. Moreover in this study we want to make these effects and changes to be a reliable guideline to professional performances in professional tournaments.
Methods and Materials:
Twenty professional players with average age of 26 years old who are currently involving in Iranian football league participated in this research. After 5 minutes warm up, Knee flexion and Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of motion of both knees and ankles were measured and results were recorded also the Sargent test for all athletes were done and results were recorded too. Continuous Ultrasound, Dynamic stretching and integrated method (US+ Dynamic Stretch) were used for all 20 players respectively, and after applying of each one Sargent test and ROM measurement of Knee flexion and Ankle Dorsiflexion were recorded again for every athlete.
Statistical Analysis results:
After doing K-S test and having normal data distribution, Paired T test was done for pre and post data. Meaningful difference between pre and post data of Sargent test performing for U.S was not found (P=0/065). But in the other both methods, Dynamic Stretching and integrated method, meaningful difference was found (P=0/00), (P=0/00) respectively. For pre and post data of Knee and Ankle flexibility for all three methods meaningful difference were achieved.
Discussion and Conclusions:
What follows from this study is the role of professional preparation should be considered not neglected and ignored. And it is better that importance of integration of training and rehabilitation protocols, as well as cooperation of rehabilitation teams and Sport sciences experts already to be considered for sport specialists.
What is obtained from this study indicates the positive effect of integrated method of U.S and Dynamic Stretching than ultrasound or dynamic stretching alone and also the better ratio in results after dynamic Stretching than continuous ultrasound in the both variables, flexibility and power in athletic performances, which reflects this fact, the professional preparation before sports events can be associated with positive results.
Kew words:
Dynamic Stretching, Continuous ultrasound, Achilles tendon, Quadriceps tendon, power, flexibility, Adult soccer players
Research Interests:
Introduction & Aims: The rate of prevalence of spinal cord injuries is almost 40 individuals in a million in society per year. Urinary infection is one of the secondary side effects of Spinal cord injuries that occur due to dysfunction... more
Introduction & Aims:
The rate of prevalence of spinal cord injuries is almost 40 individuals in a million in society per year. Urinary infection is one of the secondary side effects of Spinal cord injuries that occur due to dysfunction of sacral plexus and disability in urine drainage. So applying of the FES Current with probability of Detrusor muscle strengthening and increasing its contractile power diminishes the residuary inside of the bladder and may be it can eradicate the suitable place of growth of micro-organisms.
Methods & Materials:
10 patients in semi experimental study with Thoracolumbar SCI were randomized into two groups: Treatment group (5) and Controls (5),three males and two females with the mean age of 43 years old who had been caught SCI between 6 -10 months. Urine draining was performed hygienic completely in both groups. Antibiotics were suspended for about one month in the study process duration and antibiograms were checked and results were recorded. No treatment was performed in the control group, but patients in treatment group were affected by FES current for 15 minutes per day for one month.
Results:
Infection levels during the days of study raised up meaningfully (p=0.01) in control group, while they were not same and were meaningless in the treatment group (p=0.36). In other words to be infected procedure in the treatment group with FES, was controlled and the hypothesis of the study was confirmed.
Discussion:
What is achieved from this study confirms the positive and considerable effect of FES current with simple and uncomplicated methods. So going on this procedure on the more patients with different levels of SCI is recommended.
Keywords:
FES current, Bladder, Urinary infection control, SCI
References:
1. Rahimi MV, Saadat S, Rasouli MR, MD, Ganji S, Ghahramani M, Zarei MR, et al. Prevalence of Spinal Cord Injury in Tehran City. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2009; 32(4): 428–431.
2. Kennedy RH, The new view point toward spinal cord injuries. Annals of surgery. 1946:124: 1057-65
3. Whiteneck GG, Charlifue SW, Frankel HL, Fraser MH, Gardner BP, Gerhart KA, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and psychosocial outcomes of person’s spinal cord injured more than 20 years ago. Paraplegia.1992 Sep; 30(9):617-30.
4. Waites KB, Canupp KC, DeVivo MJ. Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection following spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1993 Jul; 74(7):691-5.
5. Stamm WE. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention. The American Journal of Medicine. 1991 Sep 16; 91(3B):65S-71S.
6.Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, Colgan R, Geerlings SE, Rice JC, et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2010 Mar 1; 50(5):625-63.
7. Stamm WE, Hooton TM. Management of urinary tract infections in adults. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1993 Oct 28; 329(18):1328-34.
8. Yoshimura N. Bladder afferent pathway and spinal cord injury: possible mechanisms inducing hyperreflexia of the urinary bladder. Progress in Neurobiology. 1999 Apr; 57(6):583-606.
9. Stöhrer M, Blok B, Castro-Diaz D, Chartier-Kastler E, Del Popolo G, Kramer G, et al. EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. European Urology 2009; 56(1):81–8.
10.Burgdörfer H, Heidler H, Kutzenberger J, Madersbacher H,Palmtag H, Pannek J, et al. Manual neuro-urology and spinal cord lesion. 4th ed. Köln, Germany: Farco; 2007.
11. Juergen P. Treatment of urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury: guidelines, evidence, and clinical practice. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2011; 34(1):11-5.
12. Wein A.J. Pharmacologic options for the overactive bladder.Urology.1998, 51: 43-47.
13. Jamil F. Towards a catheter free status in neurogenic bladder dysfunction: a review of bladder management options in spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal Cord.2001, 39: 355-361.
14. Jezernik S, Craggs M, Grill WM, Creasey G, Rijkhoff N.J. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of bladder dysfunction: current status and future possibilities. Neurological Resarch.2002, 24: 413-430.
15. Van Kerrebroeck PE. Neuromodulation and other electro stimulatory techniques. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, Supplement. 2002, 82-86.
16. Middleton JW, Keast JR. Artificial autonomic reflexes: using functional electrical stimulation to mimic bladder reflexes after injury or disease. Autonomic Neuroscience.2004, 113(1-2):3-15.
17. Moore T, Schofield PF. (1967) Treatment of stress incontinence by
Maximum perineal electrical stimulation. British medical Journal.1967, 3: 150-151.
18. Van Balken MR, Vergunst H, Bemelmans BL. The use of electrical devices for the treatment of bladder dysfunction: a review of methods. The Journal of Urology. 2004; 172(3):846-51.
The rate of prevalence of spinal cord injuries is almost 40 individuals in a million in society per year. Urinary infection is one of the secondary side effects of Spinal cord injuries that occur due to dysfunction of sacral plexus and disability in urine drainage. So applying of the FES Current with probability of Detrusor muscle strengthening and increasing its contractile power diminishes the residuary inside of the bladder and may be it can eradicate the suitable place of growth of micro-organisms.
Methods & Materials:
10 patients in semi experimental study with Thoracolumbar SCI were randomized into two groups: Treatment group (5) and Controls (5),three males and two females with the mean age of 43 years old who had been caught SCI between 6 -10 months. Urine draining was performed hygienic completely in both groups. Antibiotics were suspended for about one month in the study process duration and antibiograms were checked and results were recorded. No treatment was performed in the control group, but patients in treatment group were affected by FES current for 15 minutes per day for one month.
Results:
Infection levels during the days of study raised up meaningfully (p=0.01) in control group, while they were not same and were meaningless in the treatment group (p=0.36). In other words to be infected procedure in the treatment group with FES, was controlled and the hypothesis of the study was confirmed.
Discussion:
What is achieved from this study confirms the positive and considerable effect of FES current with simple and uncomplicated methods. So going on this procedure on the more patients with different levels of SCI is recommended.
Keywords:
FES current, Bladder, Urinary infection control, SCI
References:
1. Rahimi MV, Saadat S, Rasouli MR, MD, Ganji S, Ghahramani M, Zarei MR, et al. Prevalence of Spinal Cord Injury in Tehran City. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2009; 32(4): 428–431.
2. Kennedy RH, The new view point toward spinal cord injuries. Annals of surgery. 1946:124: 1057-65
3. Whiteneck GG, Charlifue SW, Frankel HL, Fraser MH, Gardner BP, Gerhart KA, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and psychosocial outcomes of person’s spinal cord injured more than 20 years ago. Paraplegia.1992 Sep; 30(9):617-30.
4. Waites KB, Canupp KC, DeVivo MJ. Epidemiology and risk factors for urinary tract infection following spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1993 Jul; 74(7):691-5.
5. Stamm WE. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and prevention. The American Journal of Medicine. 1991 Sep 16; 91(3B):65S-71S.
6.Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, Colgan R, Geerlings SE, Rice JC, et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2010 Mar 1; 50(5):625-63.
7. Stamm WE, Hooton TM. Management of urinary tract infections in adults. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1993 Oct 28; 329(18):1328-34.
8. Yoshimura N. Bladder afferent pathway and spinal cord injury: possible mechanisms inducing hyperreflexia of the urinary bladder. Progress in Neurobiology. 1999 Apr; 57(6):583-606.
9. Stöhrer M, Blok B, Castro-Diaz D, Chartier-Kastler E, Del Popolo G, Kramer G, et al. EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. European Urology 2009; 56(1):81–8.
10.Burgdörfer H, Heidler H, Kutzenberger J, Madersbacher H,Palmtag H, Pannek J, et al. Manual neuro-urology and spinal cord lesion. 4th ed. Köln, Germany: Farco; 2007.
11. Juergen P. Treatment of urinary tract infection in persons with spinal cord injury: guidelines, evidence, and clinical practice. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 2011; 34(1):11-5.
12. Wein A.J. Pharmacologic options for the overactive bladder.Urology.1998, 51: 43-47.
13. Jamil F. Towards a catheter free status in neurogenic bladder dysfunction: a review of bladder management options in spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal Cord.2001, 39: 355-361.
14. Jezernik S, Craggs M, Grill WM, Creasey G, Rijkhoff N.J. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of bladder dysfunction: current status and future possibilities. Neurological Resarch.2002, 24: 413-430.
15. Van Kerrebroeck PE. Neuromodulation and other electro stimulatory techniques. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, Supplement. 2002, 82-86.
16. Middleton JW, Keast JR. Artificial autonomic reflexes: using functional electrical stimulation to mimic bladder reflexes after injury or disease. Autonomic Neuroscience.2004, 113(1-2):3-15.
17. Moore T, Schofield PF. (1967) Treatment of stress incontinence by
Maximum perineal electrical stimulation. British medical Journal.1967, 3: 150-151.
18. Van Balken MR, Vergunst H, Bemelmans BL. The use of electrical devices for the treatment of bladder dysfunction: a review of methods. The Journal of Urology. 2004; 172(3):846-51.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Introduction : For many years Sport Sciences specialists in professional levels have discovered the value of relationship between human musculoskeletal structure and Sport injuries ,and have interpreted the occurrence rate of some sport... more
Introduction :
For many years Sport Sciences specialists in professional levels have discovered the value of relationship between human musculoskeletal structure and Sport injuries ,and have interpreted the occurrence rate of some sport injuries due to some disorders in human body architecture . Lower limb alignment is considered as an important factor in acute and chronic Sport injuries occurrence .Football is a high contact sport that other than sports injuries due to these contacts have injuries in its essence that may have a high correlation with body architecture . Anthropometry is a common and customary method to measure the length of the limbs ratio between the sport sciences Specialists. So it is important to know the amount of relationship between some differences in articular , muscular and tendon structures in various athletes with common sport injuries. It is noticeable that the ankle structure can affect on the other joints structure like Knee and hip or be affected vice versa .This study wants to assess the relationship between ankle injuries and Q- angle and discover this issue whether basically there is a meaningful correlation between decreasing and increasing of the Q-Angle with ankle injury occurrence or not.
Methods And materials :
20 professional football player ,20-30 years old were studied .In all athletes the Q-angle were measured with manual Goniometry in 40 knees (R,L) and results were recorded . The logistic regression was used for determination the role and importance of Q-angle on ankle sprain occurrence.
Statistical Analysis and Findings:
Significant level of Statistical Analysis was determined 0.1 . based on this test between Q-angle and ankle Sprain was not found meaningful correlation (p>0.1),also test could not find meaningful correlation between the age and ankle Sprain(P>0.1).
Conclusion :
Based on findings in this Study Q-angle doesn’t seem to be important factor in the decision making process to increase the Possibility of ankle Sprain. It is recommended based on this study it is better to check the other probable factors like BMI and injury background in future Studies.
Key words:
Q-Angle : Ankle Sprain :Football player
For many years Sport Sciences specialists in professional levels have discovered the value of relationship between human musculoskeletal structure and Sport injuries ,and have interpreted the occurrence rate of some sport injuries due to some disorders in human body architecture . Lower limb alignment is considered as an important factor in acute and chronic Sport injuries occurrence .Football is a high contact sport that other than sports injuries due to these contacts have injuries in its essence that may have a high correlation with body architecture . Anthropometry is a common and customary method to measure the length of the limbs ratio between the sport sciences Specialists. So it is important to know the amount of relationship between some differences in articular , muscular and tendon structures in various athletes with common sport injuries. It is noticeable that the ankle structure can affect on the other joints structure like Knee and hip or be affected vice versa .This study wants to assess the relationship between ankle injuries and Q- angle and discover this issue whether basically there is a meaningful correlation between decreasing and increasing of the Q-Angle with ankle injury occurrence or not.
Methods And materials :
20 professional football player ,20-30 years old were studied .In all athletes the Q-angle were measured with manual Goniometry in 40 knees (R,L) and results were recorded . The logistic regression was used for determination the role and importance of Q-angle on ankle sprain occurrence.
Statistical Analysis and Findings:
Significant level of Statistical Analysis was determined 0.1 . based on this test between Q-angle and ankle Sprain was not found meaningful correlation (p>0.1),also test could not find meaningful correlation between the age and ankle Sprain(P>0.1).
Conclusion :
Based on findings in this Study Q-angle doesn’t seem to be important factor in the decision making process to increase the Possibility of ankle Sprain. It is recommended based on this study it is better to check the other probable factors like BMI and injury background in future Studies.
Key words:
Q-Angle : Ankle Sprain :Football player
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Introduction : CVA is the most common and debilitating Neurologic disorder in Adults. More than 50% of patients who are survived injury suffer long-term disabilities . Movement, balance and Speech disorders, Cardiopulmonary involvements... more
Introduction :
CVA is the most common and debilitating Neurologic disorder in Adults. More than 50% of patients who are survived injury suffer long-term disabilities . Movement, balance and Speech disorders, Cardiopulmonary involvements due to inactivity or sedentary life style , urine and bowel incontinency in various levels occur in these patients. The main problem of these patients is Uncoordinated movement patterns Associated with unnatural postural tone. Spasticity is the most restrictive issue in natural movement function in Rehabilitation . Reduction in Severity of Spasticity can help to improve ability in using involved limbs . So the aim of this study is Comparison the effect of two methods of baclofen phonophoresis on Flexor compartment of Forearm and Faradic functional Stimulation on Antagonist Muscles group of Spastic muscles in CVA patients.
Methods and materials:
In this Study 8 men with CVA ,52-64 years old were randomized in two Groups .The first Group were treated by Baclofen 1% Phonophoresis ,pulse 20% mode for 10 min daily for one month and the second group with assistive functional faradic stimulation on Antagonist muscles group of the wrist for 10 min daily for one month so that with every contraction were asked patients to do assistive extension with FES function . Ashworth scale was used before and after intervention for spasticity evaluation.
Results:
After 4 weeks treatment first group members were going to decrease the severity in Spasticity after 10 to 15 min of baclofen phonophoresis .One of four patients in first group experienced inhibited spasticity for one week and 3 others during one week after the end of one month treatment showed 30-50% better function and by evaluation of Ashworth Scale pre treatment the all 4 patients took the point 4 but after treatment 2 patients took the point 2 ,one patient point 3 and one patient point 1 while in second group after ending the treatment sessions ,the spasticity was controlled and longed for 10 min and after this duration the controlled spasticity was returned again .in second group Ashworth scale didn’t showed any significant Changes before and after treatment from the point 4 and only one patient experienced point 3 after treatment.
Conclusion :
This Study demonstrated that Baclofen phonophoresis could achieve better results compared with assistive Antagonist FES in reduction the load of spasticity in flexor compartment of forearm.
Key words:
Phonophoresis , Baclofen , Function Faradic Stimulation ,Spasticity, CVA
CVA is the most common and debilitating Neurologic disorder in Adults. More than 50% of patients who are survived injury suffer long-term disabilities . Movement, balance and Speech disorders, Cardiopulmonary involvements due to inactivity or sedentary life style , urine and bowel incontinency in various levels occur in these patients. The main problem of these patients is Uncoordinated movement patterns Associated with unnatural postural tone. Spasticity is the most restrictive issue in natural movement function in Rehabilitation . Reduction in Severity of Spasticity can help to improve ability in using involved limbs . So the aim of this study is Comparison the effect of two methods of baclofen phonophoresis on Flexor compartment of Forearm and Faradic functional Stimulation on Antagonist Muscles group of Spastic muscles in CVA patients.
Methods and materials:
In this Study 8 men with CVA ,52-64 years old were randomized in two Groups .The first Group were treated by Baclofen 1% Phonophoresis ,pulse 20% mode for 10 min daily for one month and the second group with assistive functional faradic stimulation on Antagonist muscles group of the wrist for 10 min daily for one month so that with every contraction were asked patients to do assistive extension with FES function . Ashworth scale was used before and after intervention for spasticity evaluation.
Results:
After 4 weeks treatment first group members were going to decrease the severity in Spasticity after 10 to 15 min of baclofen phonophoresis .One of four patients in first group experienced inhibited spasticity for one week and 3 others during one week after the end of one month treatment showed 30-50% better function and by evaluation of Ashworth Scale pre treatment the all 4 patients took the point 4 but after treatment 2 patients took the point 2 ,one patient point 3 and one patient point 1 while in second group after ending the treatment sessions ,the spasticity was controlled and longed for 10 min and after this duration the controlled spasticity was returned again .in second group Ashworth scale didn’t showed any significant Changes before and after treatment from the point 4 and only one patient experienced point 3 after treatment.
Conclusion :
This Study demonstrated that Baclofen phonophoresis could achieve better results compared with assistive Antagonist FES in reduction the load of spasticity in flexor compartment of forearm.
Key words:
Phonophoresis , Baclofen , Function Faradic Stimulation ,Spasticity, CVA