Kachiya
| Kachiya | |
|---|---|
|
| |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
ablation (en) , genital modification (en) , medical procedure (en) removal (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| MedlinePlus | 002998 |
| eMedicine | 002998 |
| MeSH | D002944 |
kaciya hanya ce da ke cire fata daga azzakari na mutum. A cikin mafi yawan nau'ikan aikin, ana fadada fata tare da forceps, sannan ana iya sanya na'urar kaciya, bayan haka ana cire fata. Ana amfani da maganin rigakafi na yau da kullun ko na cikin gida don rage ciwo da damuwa. Ana yin kaciya gabaɗaya ta hanyar zaɓe, galibi ana yin ta a zaman nau'in kiwon lafiya na rigakafi, a zaman wajibi ne na addini, ko kuma a zaman al'adun al'adu. Har ila yau, wani zaɓi ne ga lokuta na phimosis, wasu cututtuka da ba su warware su da wasu jiyya ba, da cututtuken urinary tract (UTIs). Hanyar ba ta nuna a lokuta na wasu cututtukan tsarin jima'i ko rashin lafiya. tana da alaƙa da rage yawan cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i [1] da cututtuken urinary tract. Wannan ya haɗa da rage abin da ke faruwa na nau'ikan cutar kansa na kwayar cutar papillomavirus (HPV) da kuma rage yaduwar cutar kanjamau tsakanin maza da maza a cikin yawan jama'a masu haɗari; ingancin rigakafin cutar kanjamawa a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa ko tsakanin maza da ke yin jima'i da maza ana muhawara. [2] kaciya ta jarirai tana rage haɗarin ciwon daji. Matsakaicin rikitarwa yana ƙaruwa sosai tare da shekaru, zubar da jini, kamuwa da cuta, da kuma cire ko dai da yawa ko kaɗan ne mafi yawan cututtukan cututtuka. Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban na al'adu, zamantakewa, da ɗabi'a game da kaciya. Manyan kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna da ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da ƙarfin tasirin rigakafin kaciya a kasashe masu tasowa. Wasu kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna ɗaukar matsayin cewa yana ɗauke da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka fi haɗari, yayin da wasu kungiyoyin kiwo gabaɗaya suna riƙe da imani cewa a cikin waɗannan yanayi fa'idodin likitancin ba su daidaita da haɗari ba.
kaciya tana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun da aka fi sani da su a duniya. Amfani da rigakafi ya samo asali ne a Ingila a cikin shekarun 1850 kuma daga baya ya bazu ko'ina, ya zama mafi yawanci a matsayin hanyar hana kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i. Baya ga amfani a matsayin rigakafi ko zaɓi na magani a cikin kiwon lafiya, kaciya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yawancin al'adu da addinai na duniya, mafi mahimmanci Yahudanci da Islama. kaciya tana daga cikin muhimman dokoki a addinin Yahudanci. Ya yadu a Ostiraliya, Kanada, Amurka, Koriya ta Kudu, mafi yawan Afirka, da sassa na Asiya. Yana da wuya saboda dalilai marasa addini a wasu sassan Kudancin Afirka, Latin Amurka, Turai, da sassan Asiya. Ba a san asalin kaciya da tabbaci ba; tsoffin takardun sun fito ne daga tsohuwar Misira.
Amfani da shi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zaɓuɓɓuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kusan rabin duk kaciya a duk duniya ana yin su ne saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya.
Amfani da rigakafi a cikin mutanen da ke da haɗari sosai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Akwai yarjejeniya tsakanin manyan kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na duniya da kuma a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi cewa kaciya ingantacciyar shiga tsakani ce don rigakafin cutar kanjamau a cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗari idan masu sana'a suka gudanar da ita a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai aminci.[4][2]
A cikin shekara ta 2007, WHO da Shirin hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) sun bayyana cewa sun ba da shawarar kaciya ga matasa da manya a matsayin wani ɓangare na cikakken shirin don rigakafin yaduwar cutar kanjamau a yankunan da ke da ƙimar cutar kanjamawa, muddin shirin ya haɗa da "yancin amincewa, sirri, da rashin tilasta" - wanda aka sani da kaciyar namiji na son rai, ko VMMC.[4] A shekara ta 2010, an fadada wannan zuwa kaciya ta yau da kullun, muddin waɗanda ke fuskantar wannan tsari sun sami amincewa daga iyayensu. A cikin 2020, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta sake kammala cewa kaciya ta maza tana da inganci sosai don rigakafin cutar kanjamau kuma inganta kaciya ta namiji wata dabara ce mai mahimmanci, ban da sauran matakan rigakafi, don rigakafi ga kamuwa da cutar kanjamaun daji a cikin maza. Gabas da kudancin Afirka suna da ƙarancin maza da aka yi wa kaciya. Wannan yankin yana da yawan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau, tare da adadi mai yawa na waɗancan kamuwa da cuta da ke fitowa daga yaduwar jima'i. A sakamakon haka, inganta kaciya ta rigakafi ya kasance fifiko ne a wannan yankin tun bayan shawarwarin WHO na 2007. [4] Ƙungiyar Antiviral ta Duniya-Amurka ta kuma ba da shawarar tattauna kaciya tare da maza waɗanda ke da jima'i na ciki tare da maza, musamman a yankunan da cutar kanjamau ta zama ruwan dare. Akwai shaidar cewa kaciya tana da alaƙa da rage haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau ga irin waɗannan maza, musamman a ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi.[1]
Binciken da aka yi cewa kaciya tana rage yaduwar cutar kanjamau daga mata zuwa maza ya sa kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya da ke ba da sabis ga al'ummomin da cutar kanjamaun HIV / AIDS ta shafa don inganta kaciya a matsayin ƙarin hanyar sarrafa yaduwar HIV.
Amfani da rigakafi a kasashe masu tasowa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manyan kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna da matsayi daban-daban game da ingancin rigakafi na zaɓaɓɓen kaciya na yara a cikin mahallin Kasashe masu tasowa. Littattafai game da al'amarin suna da bambanci, tare da nazarin farashi-amfanin da ke dogara sosai da nau'ikan da kuma mitar matsalolin kiwon lafiya a cikin yawan mutanen da ake tattaunawa da kuma yadda kaciya ke shafar su.[5][6]
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO), UNAIDS, da kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya na Amurka suna ɗaukar matsayin cewa tana ɗauke da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya waɗanda suka fi haɗari, yayin da kungiyoyin likitocin Turai gabaɗaya suna riƙe da imani cewa a cikin waɗannan yanayi fa'idodin likitancin ba su daidaita da haɗari ba. Masu ba da shawara game da kaciya suna la'akari da cewa yana da fa'idar kiwon lafiya, sabili da haka suna jin cewa ƙara yawan kaciya "ya zama dole".[7] Suna ba da shawarar yin shi a lokacin jariri lokacin da ba shi da tsada kuma yana da ƙananan haɗarin rikitarwa.[5] Cibiyar Kwalejin Kula da Yara ta Amurka da Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin Cututtuka sun bayyana cewa fa'idodin da za a iya samu na kaciya sun fi haɗarin.[8]
Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya a cikin 2010 ta bayyana cewa:
There are significant benefits in performing male circumcision in early infancy, and programmes that promote early infant male circumcision are likely to have lower morbidity rates and lower costs than programmes targeting adolescent boys and men.[9]
Cututtuka.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana kuma amfani da kaciya don magance cututtuka daban-daban. Wadannan sun hada da cututtukan cututtuka, refractory Balanoposthitis da cututfofi na yau da kullun ko maimaitawa (UTIs).
Abinda ke hanawa.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wadannan sun hada da jarirai tare da wasu cututtukan tsarin jima'i, kamar buɗewar urethral (kamar yadda yake a cikin hypospadias da epispadias), karkatawar shugaban azzakari (chordee), ko kuma al'aura mai rikitarwa, saboda ana iya buƙatar farfadowa don sake fasalin. An haramta kaciya a cikin jarirai da ba su da haihuwa da kuma wadanda ba su da kwanciyar hankali kuma suna da lafiya.[10] Idan an san mutum yana da ko yana da tarihin iyali na cututtukan zubar da jini masu tsanani kamar su haemophilia, ana ba da shawarar cewa a bincika jini don halaye na al'ada kafin a yi ƙoƙari a yi amfani da shi.[10]
Fuskar fata ita ce nau'i biyu na nama a ƙarshen ƙarshen azzakari na mutum wanda ke rufe glandin da meatus na fitsari. Don kaciya ta likita ta manya, warkar da rauni na sama yana ɗaukar mako guda, kuma cikakkiyar warkarwa 4 zuwa 6 watanni. Ga jarirai, warkarwa yawanci yana cikawa cikin mako guda.[10]
Cire fata
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don kaciya ta jarirai, ana amfani da na'urori kamar Gomco clamp, Plastibell da Mogen clamp a Amurka. Wadannan suna bin wannan tsari na asali. Na farko, an kiyasta adadin fata da za a cire. Mai aiki yana buɗe farjiyar ta hanyar Ramin na preputial don bayyana glandin da ke ƙasa kuma yana tabbatar da cewa yana da kyau kafin ya raba glandin ciki na farjiyar (preputial epithelium) daga haɗewar da ke cikin glandin. Mai aiki sai ya sanya na'urar kaciya (wannan wani lokacin yana buƙatar rami na baya), wanda ya kasance har sai jini ya tsaya. A ƙarshe, an yankewa fata. Ga tsofaffi jarirai da manya, ana yin kaciya sau da yawa ta hanyar tiyata ba tare da kayan aiki na musamman ba, kuma akwai wasu hanyoyin kamar Unicirc ko zoben Shang.[10]
Gudanar da ciwo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hanyar kaciya tana haifar da ciwo, kuma ga jarirai wannan ciwo na iya tsoma baki tare da hulɗar uwa da jariri ko haifar da wasu canje-canje na halayyar, don haka ana ba da shawarar amfani da analgesia. Ana iya sarrafa ciwo na yau da kullun ta hanyar magunguna da hanyoyin da ba na magunguna ba. Hanyoyin magunguna, irin su allurar hana ciwo ta yanki ko yanki da kuma maganin analgesic na yau da kullun, suna da aminci kuma suna da tasiri. Zob din zobe da zob din jijiya na dorsal (DPNB) sune mafi tasiri wajen rage zafi, kuma zoben zoben na iya zama mafi tasiri fiye da DPNB. Sun fi tasiri fiye da EMLA (haɗin eutectic na maganin rigakafi na gida), wanda ya fi tasiri fiye le placebo. An gano creams na yau da kullun don fusata fata na jarirai masu ƙarancin nauyin haihuwa, don haka ana ba da shawarar dabarun toshe jijiyoyin jiki a cikin wannan rukuni.
Ga jarirai, hanyoyin da ba na magunguna ba kamar amfani da kwanciyar hankali, kujera mai laushi da kuma mai ba da sukari ko mai ba da gudummawa sun fi tasiri wajen rage zafi fiye da placebo, amma Kwalejin Kwalejin Pediatrics ta Amurka (AAP) ta bayyana cewa irin waɗannan hanyoyin ba su isa kadai ba kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da su don kara hanyoyin da suka fi tasiri. Hanyar da ta fi sauri tana rage tsawon ciwo; an gano amfani da clamp na Mogen don haifar da ɗan gajeren lokaci da ƙarancin damuwa da ke haifar da ciwo fiye da amfani da clampi na Gomco ko Plastibell. Shaidar da ke akwai ba ta nuna cewa ana buƙatar kula da ciwo bayan tsari ba. Ga manya, anesthesia na yau da kullun, zoben zobe, dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) da kuma anesthesia gabaɗaya duk zaɓuɓɓuka ne, kuma hanyar tana buƙatar makonni huɗu zuwa shida na abstinence daga masturbation ko jima'i don ba da damar raunin ya warke. [10]
Tasirin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kwayar cutar rigakafin mutum
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Yuan T, Fitzpatrick T, Ko NY, Cai Y, Chen Y, Zhao J, Li L, Xu J, Gu J, Li J, Hao C, Yang Z, Cai W, Cheng CY, Luo Z, Zhang K, Wu G, Meng X, Grulich AE, Hao Y, Zou H (April 2019). "Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data". The Lancet. Global Health (Mata-analysis). 7 (4): e436–e447. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30567-9. PMC 7779827. PMID 30879508. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "yuan" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 For sources on this, see:
- ↑ "'It's hassle-free,' says actor Melusi Yeni about his medical circumcision". News24 (in Turanci). June 1, 2018. Archived from the original on 5 May 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
Actor Melusi Yeni was the millionth man to undergo voluntary male medical circumcision at the Sivananda Clinic in KwaZulu-Natal.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Preventing HIV Through Safe Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision For Adolescent Boys And Men In Generalized HIV Epidemics". World Health Organization. 2020. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "WHO-PrevHIV" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pinto K (August 2012). "Circumcision controversies". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 59 (4): 977–986. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.05.015. PMID 22857844. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "pinto_2012" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "The Troubled History of Foreskin". Mosaic Science. 24 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
In the decades since, medical practice has come to rely increasingly on evidence from large research studies, which, as many American doctors see it, have supported the existing rationale... How can experts who have undergone similar training evaluate the same studies and come to opposing conclusions? I've spent months scrutinising the medical literature in an attempt to decide which side is right. The task turned out to be nearly impossible. That's partly because there is so much confused thinking around the risks and benefits of circumcision, even among trained practitioners.
- ↑ Morris BJ (November 2007). "Why circumcision is a biomedical imperative for the 21(st) century". BioEssays. 29 (11): 1147–1158. doi:10.1002/bies.20654. PMID 17935209. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
- ↑ "Background, Methods, and Synthesis of Scientific Information Used to Inform "Information for Providers to Share with Male Patients and Parents Regarding Male Circumcision and the Prevention of HIV Infection, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and other Health Outcomes"". stacks.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedWHO-2010a - ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 World Health Organization; UNAIDS; Jhpiego (Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics) (December 2009). "Manual for Male Circumcision Under Local Anaesthesia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 15, 2012.
...there are many myths about male circumcision that circulate. For example, some people think that circumcision can cause impotence (failure of erection) or reduce sexual pleasure. Others think that circumcision will cure impotence. Let me assure you that none of these is true.
Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "Jhpiego-2009" defined multiple times with different content