This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015... more This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015 EU refugee crisis. The authors argue that coercive engineered migration can be used as a threat by a state, even when it is not the source of outflows; that it is possible under conditions of an internal or external conflict in the state that is the source of migration; that a state-challenger would most probably be an authoritarian state that supports the government of the emigration state. The authors state that the sound action for Turkey and the EU in the conditions of a crisis that of 2015, would be to develop a migration diplomacy initiative that could contribute not only to a deal but to a sustainable, mutually beneficial solution for both parties.
Hybrid wars as a new generation of conflicts are largely discussed today. The purpose of this art... more Hybrid wars as a new generation of conflicts are largely discussed today. The purpose of this article is to analyze Gerasimov’s doctrine, by interpreting its main aspects. The analysis is based on original empirical research of his publications
This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015... more This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015 EU refugee crisis. The authors argue that coercive engineered migration can be used as a threat by a state, even when it is not the source of outflows; that it is possible under conditions of an internal or external conflict in the state that is the source of migration; that a state-challenger would most probably be an authoritarian state that supports the government of the emigration state. The authors state that the sound action for Turkey and the EU in the conditions of a crisis that of 2015, would be to develop a migration diplomacy initiative that could contribute not only to a deal but to a sustainable, mutually beneficial solution for both parties.
Националистически послания в популярните песни по време на ВСВ, 2010
This research tries to identify when, why and under what circumstances the regime propaganda uses... more This research tries to identify when, why and under what circumstances the regime propaganda uses nazionalistic messages in the Second World War songs. Examples are taken from some of the most popular songs of the WW2 period. Cotent analysis is applied. The paper is in Bulgarian
Компаративен анализ на реторичните похвати на политическото дясно в България и Италия, 2009
The current research tries to explain the place of the fallacies in the argumentation of the bulg... more The current research tries to explain the place of the fallacies in the argumentation of the bulgarian and italian political discourse. The study aims to determine under what circumstances the participants are more likely to use fallacies, what type of fallacies they would use and to compare the use and the type of fallacies used by Bulgarian and Italian participants. For the study two TV a pre-election debates were used, one in Italy (2006) and one in Bulgaria (2009). The research methods are discourse analysis and comparative analysis. The article is in Bulgarian
Явор Райчев, магистър по европейски и международни отношения Тази статия разглежда проявите на ра... more Явор Райчев, магистър по европейски и международни отношения Тази статия разглежда проявите на радикализация в българските училища. Тя започва с преглед на европейския опит, а в последствие представя резултатите от теренно изследване, проведено с директори и заместник директори на училища от три области на България. Основният метод за набиране на информация бяха фокус групите (3 фокус групи по 20 човека), но също така като методи за събиране на информация бяха използвани наблюдения на екипа, разговори с учители и други дейци от образованието. Европейският опит Радикализацията е процес, който не протича задължително в училище, но има възможност ясно да се прояви там. Оценявайки опасността, произтичаща от нея, на 17 март 2015 година министрите на образованието на ЕС и учители се събраха в Париж, за да напишат манифест против радикализацията в училищата. Основното искане на учителите беше да бъдат обучени така, че да разпознават нейните белези; да бъдат снабдени с правилните инструменти за намеса и умения да водят трудни разговори с ученици по този проблем; да се запознаят с платформите, които използват вербовчиците; да се открият горещи линии за учители, където те могат да позвънят за съвет и съдействие; рекламните материали на терористичните организации да се обсъждат в училище; в процеса на превенция да бъдат привлечени бивши екстремисти, които успешно са се реинтегрирали в обществото. Освен на европейско, страните от ЕС предприемат мерки и на национално равнище. В края на миналата година правителството на Великобритания изработи документ " Ръководство за задълженията по превенцията " , а Дейвид Камерън нарече училището " първа фронтова линия в борбата против радикализацията ". От училищата и всички други доставчици на услуги за деца, се изисква превенцията на радикализацията да бъде основана на следните три принципа: • Лидерство-училищните лидери трябва да са сигурни, че техният персонал разбира радикализацията, има способности да се справи с нея, и са наясно с важността на тази задача. • Партньорство-връзка на училищата с полицията, персонала по превенцията и други отговорни институции • Способности-обучение, така че персоналът да е наясно с въпроса защо учениците могат да прекрачат линията от радикализация към тероризъм. Те трябва да знаят с какви средства разполага училището за да предотврати тази крачка
Тази статия разглежда проявите на радикализация в българските училища. Тя започва с преглед на ев... more Тази статия разглежда проявите на радикализация в българските училища. Тя започва с преглед на европейския опит, а в последствие представя резултатите от теренно изследване, проведено с директори и заместник директори на училища от три области на България. Основният метод за набиране на информация бяха фокус групите (3 фокус групи по 20 човека), но също така като методи за събиране на информация бяха използвани наблюдения на екипа, разговори с учители и други дейци от образованието
Now-a-days, modern global terrorism is one of the major threats for the international security. B... more Now-a-days, modern global terrorism is one of the major threats for the international security. Based on the emerged in the 70s jihadism, which is a twisted result of " one fundamental line of thought, based on the mythological view of the original Islam " (Migaux 2007), it is mainly targeted at the excluded and marginalized individuals of the Islamic societies and tries to justify the transnational political violence as the only way to restore the caliphate and unify the ummah. Its most radical incarnation today is the so called Islamic State, which despite the military defeats, is still very far from being eradicated. The reasons behind the current situation are various and are outside the scope of this research, which simply claims that partially, the influence and the success of the Islamic State are result of the inappropriate judgement of its nature and therefore, of the inadequate methods to combat it, adopted by the international community. ISIS was described as " just another terroristic organization " , similar to Al-Qaeda, " natural continuation of the Arab Spring " , " groups of fanatics " , etc. All mentioned interpretations are to some extend valid, but none of them managed to supply us with analytical framework which can be used as a starting point to combat this most serious security threat today. In pursue of a satisfactory answer, in this research I examine two explanatory concepts: the economic club one, and the shell-state one. Through their prism I study the rise and the development of ISIS, its successes in the political mobilization of the international jihadist community, and the power and impact of its ideas on some sectors of Muslim societies.
Malhama Tactical is a new type mercenary group which appeared in Syria during the civil war. It o... more Malhama Tactical is a new type mercenary group which appeared in Syria during the civil war. It offers tactical training at least since 2015. It became popular due to the wide use of social media such as YouTube, Facebook, VK and Twitter, where they post examples of the training it offers. Its uniqueness consists in the fact that they mix jihadist ideology with privatization of war, offering specialized military training only to jihadist groups.
Russia has waged a hybrid war against the West and Bulgaria is no exception. Backed by the ideolo... more Russia has waged a hybrid war against the West and Bulgaria is no exception. Backed by the ideology of eurasianism and some historical and cultural affinity, Russia uses a variety of tools, such energy or propaganda, to exercise its hybrid influence in Bulgaria. While it has succeeded in achieving some of its objectives, Russia has failed in others.
This article contributes to a clearer understanding for the notion “hybrid wars” by analyzing the... more This article contributes to a clearer understanding for the notion “hybrid wars” by analyzing the most significant definitions in the academic literature. The first task of the research is to analyze the definitions by a critical comparison. The second task is to put a framework on the significance of this problem for our country in the context of Bulgaria’s geopolitical orientation to Europe and the Euro-Atlantic security structures. The article is in Bulgarian
This article is about the evolution of NATO understanding of " hybrid wars ". The development of ... more This article is about the evolution of NATO understanding of " hybrid wars ". The development of the concept is followed on the basis of documents adopted by the alliance. At the end, some conclusions are made about the current state of the concept.
This article is about the understanding of EU of the hybrid warfare. The debate at European level... more This article is about the understanding of EU of the hybrid warfare. The debate at European level started after Russia's invasion in Ukraine and annexation of Crimea. The text follows the development of the view on the basis of some documents, and also analyses some practical measures in the respect, as for example the creation of the European center of excellence for countering hybrid threats, settled in April 2016. Some considerations on the cooperation between EU and NATO also take place here.
There is an international debate over the term " hybrid threats ". The first position is that the... more There is an international debate over the term " hybrid threats ". The first position is that the hybrid threat necessary requires military actions, and the second one claims that it should be understood as combination of several means, tools and strategies. The best way to understand it is to use combination of approaches – material and cognitive
This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015... more This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015 EU refugee crisis. The authors argue that coercive engineered migration can be used as a threat by a state, even when it is not the source of outflows; that it is possible under conditions of an internal or external conflict in the state that is the source of migration; that a state-challenger would most probably be an authoritarian state that supports the government of the emigration state. The authors state that the sound action for Turkey and the EU in the conditions of a crisis that of 2015, would be to develop a migration diplomacy initiative that could contribute not only to a deal but to a sustainable, mutually beneficial solution for both parties.
Hybrid wars as a new generation of conflicts are largely discussed today. The purpose of this art... more Hybrid wars as a new generation of conflicts are largely discussed today. The purpose of this article is to analyze Gerasimov’s doctrine, by interpreting its main aspects. The analysis is based on original empirical research of his publications
This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015... more This article examines the use of coercive engineered migration as a hybrid threat during the 2015 EU refugee crisis. The authors argue that coercive engineered migration can be used as a threat by a state, even when it is not the source of outflows; that it is possible under conditions of an internal or external conflict in the state that is the source of migration; that a state-challenger would most probably be an authoritarian state that supports the government of the emigration state. The authors state that the sound action for Turkey and the EU in the conditions of a crisis that of 2015, would be to develop a migration diplomacy initiative that could contribute not only to a deal but to a sustainable, mutually beneficial solution for both parties.
Националистически послания в популярните песни по време на ВСВ, 2010
This research tries to identify when, why and under what circumstances the regime propaganda uses... more This research tries to identify when, why and under what circumstances the regime propaganda uses nazionalistic messages in the Second World War songs. Examples are taken from some of the most popular songs of the WW2 period. Cotent analysis is applied. The paper is in Bulgarian
Компаративен анализ на реторичните похвати на политическото дясно в България и Италия, 2009
The current research tries to explain the place of the fallacies in the argumentation of the bulg... more The current research tries to explain the place of the fallacies in the argumentation of the bulgarian and italian political discourse. The study aims to determine under what circumstances the participants are more likely to use fallacies, what type of fallacies they would use and to compare the use and the type of fallacies used by Bulgarian and Italian participants. For the study two TV a pre-election debates were used, one in Italy (2006) and one in Bulgaria (2009). The research methods are discourse analysis and comparative analysis. The article is in Bulgarian
Явор Райчев, магистър по европейски и международни отношения Тази статия разглежда проявите на ра... more Явор Райчев, магистър по европейски и международни отношения Тази статия разглежда проявите на радикализация в българските училища. Тя започва с преглед на европейския опит, а в последствие представя резултатите от теренно изследване, проведено с директори и заместник директори на училища от три области на България. Основният метод за набиране на информация бяха фокус групите (3 фокус групи по 20 човека), но също така като методи за събиране на информация бяха използвани наблюдения на екипа, разговори с учители и други дейци от образованието. Европейският опит Радикализацията е процес, който не протича задължително в училище, но има възможност ясно да се прояви там. Оценявайки опасността, произтичаща от нея, на 17 март 2015 година министрите на образованието на ЕС и учители се събраха в Париж, за да напишат манифест против радикализацията в училищата. Основното искане на учителите беше да бъдат обучени така, че да разпознават нейните белези; да бъдат снабдени с правилните инструменти за намеса и умения да водят трудни разговори с ученици по този проблем; да се запознаят с платформите, които използват вербовчиците; да се открият горещи линии за учители, където те могат да позвънят за съвет и съдействие; рекламните материали на терористичните организации да се обсъждат в училище; в процеса на превенция да бъдат привлечени бивши екстремисти, които успешно са се реинтегрирали в обществото. Освен на европейско, страните от ЕС предприемат мерки и на национално равнище. В края на миналата година правителството на Великобритания изработи документ " Ръководство за задълженията по превенцията " , а Дейвид Камерън нарече училището " първа фронтова линия в борбата против радикализацията ". От училищата и всички други доставчици на услуги за деца, се изисква превенцията на радикализацията да бъде основана на следните три принципа: • Лидерство-училищните лидери трябва да са сигурни, че техният персонал разбира радикализацията, има способности да се справи с нея, и са наясно с важността на тази задача. • Партньорство-връзка на училищата с полицията, персонала по превенцията и други отговорни институции • Способности-обучение, така че персоналът да е наясно с въпроса защо учениците могат да прекрачат линията от радикализация към тероризъм. Те трябва да знаят с какви средства разполага училището за да предотврати тази крачка
Тази статия разглежда проявите на радикализация в българските училища. Тя започва с преглед на ев... more Тази статия разглежда проявите на радикализация в българските училища. Тя започва с преглед на европейския опит, а в последствие представя резултатите от теренно изследване, проведено с директори и заместник директори на училища от три области на България. Основният метод за набиране на информация бяха фокус групите (3 фокус групи по 20 човека), но също така като методи за събиране на информация бяха използвани наблюдения на екипа, разговори с учители и други дейци от образованието
Now-a-days, modern global terrorism is one of the major threats for the international security. B... more Now-a-days, modern global terrorism is one of the major threats for the international security. Based on the emerged in the 70s jihadism, which is a twisted result of " one fundamental line of thought, based on the mythological view of the original Islam " (Migaux 2007), it is mainly targeted at the excluded and marginalized individuals of the Islamic societies and tries to justify the transnational political violence as the only way to restore the caliphate and unify the ummah. Its most radical incarnation today is the so called Islamic State, which despite the military defeats, is still very far from being eradicated. The reasons behind the current situation are various and are outside the scope of this research, which simply claims that partially, the influence and the success of the Islamic State are result of the inappropriate judgement of its nature and therefore, of the inadequate methods to combat it, adopted by the international community. ISIS was described as " just another terroristic organization " , similar to Al-Qaeda, " natural continuation of the Arab Spring " , " groups of fanatics " , etc. All mentioned interpretations are to some extend valid, but none of them managed to supply us with analytical framework which can be used as a starting point to combat this most serious security threat today. In pursue of a satisfactory answer, in this research I examine two explanatory concepts: the economic club one, and the shell-state one. Through their prism I study the rise and the development of ISIS, its successes in the political mobilization of the international jihadist community, and the power and impact of its ideas on some sectors of Muslim societies.
Malhama Tactical is a new type mercenary group which appeared in Syria during the civil war. It o... more Malhama Tactical is a new type mercenary group which appeared in Syria during the civil war. It offers tactical training at least since 2015. It became popular due to the wide use of social media such as YouTube, Facebook, VK and Twitter, where they post examples of the training it offers. Its uniqueness consists in the fact that they mix jihadist ideology with privatization of war, offering specialized military training only to jihadist groups.
Russia has waged a hybrid war against the West and Bulgaria is no exception. Backed by the ideolo... more Russia has waged a hybrid war against the West and Bulgaria is no exception. Backed by the ideology of eurasianism and some historical and cultural affinity, Russia uses a variety of tools, such energy or propaganda, to exercise its hybrid influence in Bulgaria. While it has succeeded in achieving some of its objectives, Russia has failed in others.
This article contributes to a clearer understanding for the notion “hybrid wars” by analyzing the... more This article contributes to a clearer understanding for the notion “hybrid wars” by analyzing the most significant definitions in the academic literature. The first task of the research is to analyze the definitions by a critical comparison. The second task is to put a framework on the significance of this problem for our country in the context of Bulgaria’s geopolitical orientation to Europe and the Euro-Atlantic security structures. The article is in Bulgarian
This article is about the evolution of NATO understanding of " hybrid wars ". The development of ... more This article is about the evolution of NATO understanding of " hybrid wars ". The development of the concept is followed on the basis of documents adopted by the alliance. At the end, some conclusions are made about the current state of the concept.
This article is about the understanding of EU of the hybrid warfare. The debate at European level... more This article is about the understanding of EU of the hybrid warfare. The debate at European level started after Russia's invasion in Ukraine and annexation of Crimea. The text follows the development of the view on the basis of some documents, and also analyses some practical measures in the respect, as for example the creation of the European center of excellence for countering hybrid threats, settled in April 2016. Some considerations on the cooperation between EU and NATO also take place here.
There is an international debate over the term " hybrid threats ". The first position is that the... more There is an international debate over the term " hybrid threats ". The first position is that the hybrid threat necessary requires military actions, and the second one claims that it should be understood as combination of several means, tools and strategies. The best way to understand it is to use combination of approaches – material and cognitive
Надпреварата при хиперзвуковите ракети между САЩ, Русия и Китай достига нов етап, в който САЩ дог... more Надпреварата при хиперзвуковите ракети между САЩ, Русия и Китай достига нов етап, в който САЩ догонва изоставането си. Статията е написана специално за „Българска армия“.
This article is about women from Kosovo who have taken part in ISIS. The authors look for an answ... more This article is about women from Kosovo who have taken part in ISIS. The authors look for an answer of the question as to why a radical interpretation of Islam by a terrorist group, and a “State” based on a primitive mediaeval understanding of the Sharia, attracted women from this small, predominantly Muslim, but secularly oriented nation, making them become part of a war waged thousands of kilometers away from their motherland? Why did they voluntarily sacrifice money, time, resources, and in some cases their lives, in the name of a cause that cruelly stigmatizes individuals of their own sex? We argue that the various incentives impelling them to join ISIS can be reduced to three: the quests for community, for identity and for protagonism. On the basis of eight female life stories, we argue that these incentives are involved in any choice, but in different constellations and with different relative weights.
Vol 13 No 13 (2019): Balkan Social Science Review , 2019
This paper examines the roots in Russian and Soviet political and military thought of what is cal... more This paper examines the roots in Russian and Soviet political and military thought of what is called today “hybrid war”. It is argued that Gerasimov’s doctrine is not an innovation, but just brings together components already existing much earlier than his publications in 2013-2017. The paper can be divided into two parts. The first one concerns theories developed by Russian researchers and practitioners until the beginning of the World War II (WWII), and the second - the views of authors after 1991, when the collapse of the USSR caused a number of scientists to focus on this subject. Finally, the impact of above mentioned authors on Gerasimov’s doctrine is identified and evaluated.
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