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- Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Scienecs is a blind peer-review, open access and quarterly scientific journal... moreJournal of Gorgan University of Medical Scienecs is a blind peer-review, open access and quarterly scientific journal. This journal published since Spring 1999 in hard copy (p-issn 1562-4765) and also electronic format (e-issn 2008-4080) since Spring 2008. This journal welcome to manuscripts with subjects in Medical Sciences in Persian full text with English abstract.edit
Renal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. This case report describes a 44-year-old male who was incidentally found to have a renal mass during an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound. The patient's abdominal ultrasound revealed a... more
Renal cavernous hemangioma is a rare benign tumor. This case report describes a 44-year-old male who was incidentally found to have a renal mass during an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound. The patient's abdominal ultrasound revealed a mass, which was further evaluated with a CT scan. The CT findings suggested renal cell carcinoma. Suspecting malignancy, the patient underwent radical nephrectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations ultimately diagnosed the mass as a cavernous hemangioma. Despite its benign nature, the patient was followed up with a control ultrasound three months post-surgery. This case is presented due to the significant clinical and radiological resemblance of this tumor to renal carcinomas, highlighting the importance of considering benign tumors in differential diagnoses.
Keywords: Neoplasms [MeSH], Cavernous Hemangioma [MeSH], Renal Carcinoma [MeSH]
Keywords: Neoplasms [MeSH], Cavernous Hemangioma [MeSH], Renal Carcinoma [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis are two chronic inflammatory diseases that are interrelated. Given the similarities between these conditions, the medications used by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)... more
Background and Objective: Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis are two chronic inflammatory diseases that are interrelated. Given the similarities between these conditions, the medications used by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may affect their periodontal indices. This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal index status in patients with RA undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 68 patients with RA in three treatment groups (20 on monotherapy, 24 on dual therapy, and 24 on triple treatment) and 20 healthy individuals with a plaque index (PI) below 35% in Ardabil, Iran during the second half of 2021. The monotherapy group included methotrexate or hydroxychloroquine; the dual therapy group included combinations of methotrexate with hydroxychloroquine, adalimumab, or infliximab; and the triple therapy group included combinations of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine with adalimumab, etanercept, sulfasalazine, or leflunomide. Periodontal indices, including Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Gingival Index (GI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP), were assessed.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in periodontal indices among the three treatment groups (monotherapy, dual therapy, and triple therapy). The mean BOP index in the control group was significantly higher compared to the three medication groups (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean CAL and GI indices between the control group and the medication groups. The median PI in the control group was 29.6, and in the dual therapy group, it was 42.3, which was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of immunosuppressive drugs did not have a significant effect on the periodontal indices of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Keywords: Periodontal Index [MeSH], Rheumatoid Arthritis [MeSH], Antirheumatic Agents [MeSH], Immunosuppression Therapy [MeSH]
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 68 patients with RA in three treatment groups (20 on monotherapy, 24 on dual therapy, and 24 on triple treatment) and 20 healthy individuals with a plaque index (PI) below 35% in Ardabil, Iran during the second half of 2021. The monotherapy group included methotrexate or hydroxychloroquine; the dual therapy group included combinations of methotrexate with hydroxychloroquine, adalimumab, or infliximab; and the triple therapy group included combinations of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine with adalimumab, etanercept, sulfasalazine, or leflunomide. Periodontal indices, including Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), Gingival Index (GI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP), were assessed.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in periodontal indices among the three treatment groups (monotherapy, dual therapy, and triple therapy). The mean BOP index in the control group was significantly higher compared to the three medication groups (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean CAL and GI indices between the control group and the medication groups. The median PI in the control group was 29.6, and in the dual therapy group, it was 42.3, which was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of immunosuppressive drugs did not have a significant effect on the periodontal indices of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Keywords: Periodontal Index [MeSH], Rheumatoid Arthritis [MeSH], Antirheumatic Agents [MeSH], Immunosuppression Therapy [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Dermatophytosis is a significant skin disease in humans and animals, with increasing resistance to conventional treatments. This study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of petroleum ether,... more
Background and Objective: Dermatophytosis is a significant skin disease in humans and animals, with increasing resistance to conventional treatments. This study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and hydroethanol extracts from the aerial parts of Artemisia khorassanica, Artemisia scoparia, and Artemisia vulgaris against common dermatophytic fungi, including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Microsporum canis.
Methods: This descriptive study examined the antifungal activity of various extracts from the aerial parts of Artemisia khorassanica, Artemisia scoparia, and Artemisia vulgaris against fungal isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The aerial parts of the three Artemisia species were extracted using five solvents: petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 50% hydroethanol. The extracts were screened for antidermatophytic effects against the fungi mentioned above, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method. The most active extracts underwent preliminary phytochemical testing.
Results: In the initial screening, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton verrucosum showed the highest sensitivity (86.66%) and resistance (100%) to the tested extracts, respectively. Extracts from Artemisia scoparia exhibited the broadest range of activity. The most effective extracts, with an MIC of 78.12 µg/ml, were also from this plant. Hydroethanol extracts from all plant species demonstrated the least antidermatophytic activity. Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence of terpenoids in all petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts of the plant species.
Conclusion: Some lipophilic compounds, particularly in the petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts of Artemisia scoparia, exhibit significant in vitro antidermatophytic activity.
Keywords: Artemisia [MeSH], Trichophyton rubrum [MeSH], Trichophyton verrucosum [MeSH], Epidermophyton floccosum [MeSH], Microsporum canis [MeSH]
Methods: This descriptive study examined the antifungal activity of various extracts from the aerial parts of Artemisia khorassanica, Artemisia scoparia, and Artemisia vulgaris against fungal isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum. The aerial parts of the three Artemisia species were extracted using five solvents: petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 50% hydroethanol. The extracts were screened for antidermatophytic effects against the fungi mentioned above, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the agar dilution method. The most active extracts underwent preliminary phytochemical testing.
Results: In the initial screening, Microsporum canis and Trichophyton verrucosum showed the highest sensitivity (86.66%) and resistance (100%) to the tested extracts, respectively. Extracts from Artemisia scoparia exhibited the broadest range of activity. The most effective extracts, with an MIC of 78.12 µg/ml, were also from this plant. Hydroethanol extracts from all plant species demonstrated the least antidermatophytic activity. Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence of terpenoids in all petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts of the plant species.
Conclusion: Some lipophilic compounds, particularly in the petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts of Artemisia scoparia, exhibit significant in vitro antidermatophytic activity.
Keywords: Artemisia [MeSH], Trichophyton rubrum [MeSH], Trichophyton verrucosum [MeSH], Epidermophyton floccosum [MeSH], Microsporum canis [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Opium use is one of the most common problems that impose significant social, psychological, and economic burdens on societies. Understanding the factors involved in the treatment of opium use is essential. This... more
Background and Objective: Opium use is one of the most common problems that impose significant social, psychological, and economic burdens on societies. Understanding the factors involved in the treatment of opium use is essential. This study aimed to evaluate inhibitory response and impulsivity in opium users.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 170 opium users (139 men and 31 women) who visited the Methadone Maintenance Treatment Center in Gorgan, Iran during 2022, selected through convenience sampling. The Stop Signal Task (SST) was used to assess participants' inhibitory response, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) was used to measure impulsivity levels.
Results: The average overall impulsivity score was 67.8±11.85. The average correct responses were 45.09±5.67, incorrect responses were 4.51±3.95, and delays were 0.96±2.32. The mean response time to each stimulus was 1290±512.83 milliseconds. There was a statistically significant correlation between impulsivity dimensions and age, correct responses and education level, and response time for inhibitory control with age and education level (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the various dimensions of inhibitory response and impulsivity (cognitive impulsivity, non-planning impulsivity, and motor impulsivity) and overall impulsivity.
Conclusion: Opium users are generally impulsive. Additionally, younger individuals and those with lower education levels are more impulsive compared to others.
Keywords: Psychological Inhibition [MeSH], Impulsivity [MeSH], Addictive Behavior [MeSH], Opium [MeSH]
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 170 opium users (139 men and 31 women) who visited the Methadone Maintenance Treatment Center in Gorgan, Iran during 2022, selected through convenience sampling. The Stop Signal Task (SST) was used to assess participants' inhibitory response, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) was used to measure impulsivity levels.
Results: The average overall impulsivity score was 67.8±11.85. The average correct responses were 45.09±5.67, incorrect responses were 4.51±3.95, and delays were 0.96±2.32. The mean response time to each stimulus was 1290±512.83 milliseconds. There was a statistically significant correlation between impulsivity dimensions and age, correct responses and education level, and response time for inhibitory control with age and education level (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the various dimensions of inhibitory response and impulsivity (cognitive impulsivity, non-planning impulsivity, and motor impulsivity) and overall impulsivity.
Conclusion: Opium users are generally impulsive. Additionally, younger individuals and those with lower education levels are more impulsive compared to others.
Keywords: Psychological Inhibition [MeSH], Impulsivity [MeSH], Addictive Behavior [MeSH], Opium [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Weight regain following bariatric surgery is a significant challenge for this obesity treatment method. This study aimed to identify factors associated with weight regain after bariatric surgeries in obese... more
Background and Objective: Weight regain following bariatric surgery is a significant challenge for this obesity treatment method. This study aimed to identify factors associated with weight regain after bariatric surgeries in obese patients in Gorgan, Iran.
Methods: This longitudinal study included 143 obese individuals (125 women and 18 men) with a mean age of 43.13±9.83 years who underwent bariatric surgery in Gorgan, Iran during 2013-19. Participants were invited to join the study via phone calls. Research variables (type of surgery, blood group, pre-surgery weight, and body mass index [BMI]) were extracted from patient records, and their current weight and waist circumference were measured and recorded. Weight regain was determined based on one of three different criteria: (1) regaining more than 25% of the maximum weight lost post-surgery, (2) regaining more than 10 kg from the minimum weight post-surgery, or (3) an increase of more than 5 BMI units from the lowest BMI post-surgery.
Results: Overall, 33% of individuals experienced weight regain, with 26.6% according to the first definition, 29.4% according to the second definition, and 18.2% according to the third definition. Men had a higher rate of weight regain (P<0.05). Additionally, 93.6% (44 cases) of those with weight regain had abdominal obesity. On average, 79.7% of participants who were 48 months post-bariatric surgery experienced some degree of weight regain. Individuals with a pre-surgery BMI of 50 or higher had a 2.69 times greater chance of weight regain compared to those with BMI lower 50 (P<0.05). The mean weight loss after surgery was significantly higher in individuals who experienced weight regain than those who did not (P<0.05). There was no significant statistical association between weight regain and the type of surgery, age, education level, marital status, or blood group.
Conclusion: Weight regain over time is a reality after bariatric surgery, indicating that this method is not a definitive cure for obesity. Therefore, long-term follow-up for weight control is crucial, especially for individuals with a pre-surgery BMI of 50 or higher or those who experienced significant weight loss post-surgery.
Keywords: Obesity [MeSH], Bariatric Surgery [MeSH], Weight regain
Methods: This longitudinal study included 143 obese individuals (125 women and 18 men) with a mean age of 43.13±9.83 years who underwent bariatric surgery in Gorgan, Iran during 2013-19. Participants were invited to join the study via phone calls. Research variables (type of surgery, blood group, pre-surgery weight, and body mass index [BMI]) were extracted from patient records, and their current weight and waist circumference were measured and recorded. Weight regain was determined based on one of three different criteria: (1) regaining more than 25% of the maximum weight lost post-surgery, (2) regaining more than 10 kg from the minimum weight post-surgery, or (3) an increase of more than 5 BMI units from the lowest BMI post-surgery.
Results: Overall, 33% of individuals experienced weight regain, with 26.6% according to the first definition, 29.4% according to the second definition, and 18.2% according to the third definition. Men had a higher rate of weight regain (P<0.05). Additionally, 93.6% (44 cases) of those with weight regain had abdominal obesity. On average, 79.7% of participants who were 48 months post-bariatric surgery experienced some degree of weight regain. Individuals with a pre-surgery BMI of 50 or higher had a 2.69 times greater chance of weight regain compared to those with BMI lower 50 (P<0.05). The mean weight loss after surgery was significantly higher in individuals who experienced weight regain than those who did not (P<0.05). There was no significant statistical association between weight regain and the type of surgery, age, education level, marital status, or blood group.
Conclusion: Weight regain over time is a reality after bariatric surgery, indicating that this method is not a definitive cure for obesity. Therefore, long-term follow-up for weight control is crucial, especially for individuals with a pre-surgery BMI of 50 or higher or those who experienced significant weight loss post-surgery.
Keywords: Obesity [MeSH], Bariatric Surgery [MeSH], Weight regain
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Oral and dental health are crucial for nutrition intake, speech, and facial aesthetics. They also significantly influence individuals' physical, social, and psychological activities. This study aimed to determine... more
Background and Objective: Oral and dental health are crucial for nutrition intake, speech, and facial aesthetics. They also significantly influence individuals' physical, social, and psychological activities. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Dental Caries Index (DMFT) and oral health-related quality of life.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 61 patients (29 men and 32 women) aged 20-50 years who visited the Gorgan Dental School Clinic, Iran during 2019. The DMFT index, encompassing Decay (D), Missing (M), and Filled (F) teeth, was calculated. Quality of life was assessed using the 36-item DIDL (Dental Impact on Daily Living) questionnaire, which covers five domains: dental appearance and aesthetics, oral comfort, overall oral and dental function, eating limitations, and dental and jaw pain. Scores were categorized into three groups: dissatisfied (below 0), moderately satisfied (0 to 7), and satisfied (above 7).
Results: The mean score for oral health-related quality of life was 5.14±0.229, indicating a relative level of satisfaction. Pearson's correlation coefficient between DMFT and oral health-related quality of life was -0.358, suggesting a significant inverse relationship between DMFT and quality of life (P<0.05). The mean DMFT score ranged from 0 to 28, with a mean of 9.36, and the most frequent scores were 7, 11, and 13, each accounting for 11.5% of the sample. The mean decay (D) score was 3.44, the mean missing (M) score was 1.98, and the mean filled (F) score was 3.93, with ranges of 0-12, 0-19, and 0-13, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate an inverse impact of the Dental Caries Index on patients' quality of life. Oral health-related quality of life is a multifaceted construct that affects various aspects such as appearance, oral comfort, and eating limitations, which are critical components of overall quality of life and satisfaction.
Keywords: DMF Index [MeSH], Oral Health [MeSH], Quality of Life [MeSH]
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 61 patients (29 men and 32 women) aged 20-50 years who visited the Gorgan Dental School Clinic, Iran during 2019. The DMFT index, encompassing Decay (D), Missing (M), and Filled (F) teeth, was calculated. Quality of life was assessed using the 36-item DIDL (Dental Impact on Daily Living) questionnaire, which covers five domains: dental appearance and aesthetics, oral comfort, overall oral and dental function, eating limitations, and dental and jaw pain. Scores were categorized into three groups: dissatisfied (below 0), moderately satisfied (0 to 7), and satisfied (above 7).
Results: The mean score for oral health-related quality of life was 5.14±0.229, indicating a relative level of satisfaction. Pearson's correlation coefficient between DMFT and oral health-related quality of life was -0.358, suggesting a significant inverse relationship between DMFT and quality of life (P<0.05). The mean DMFT score ranged from 0 to 28, with a mean of 9.36, and the most frequent scores were 7, 11, and 13, each accounting for 11.5% of the sample. The mean decay (D) score was 3.44, the mean missing (M) score was 1.98, and the mean filled (F) score was 3.93, with ranges of 0-12, 0-19, and 0-13, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate an inverse impact of the Dental Caries Index on patients' quality of life. Oral health-related quality of life is a multifaceted construct that affects various aspects such as appearance, oral comfort, and eating limitations, which are critical components of overall quality of life and satisfaction.
Keywords: DMF Index [MeSH], Oral Health [MeSH], Quality of Life [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: The psychological experience of mental pain can lead to distress similar to that caused by actual injury or trauma. As such, it poses a life-threatening consequence for chronic patients, although it is rarely... more
Background and Objective: The psychological experience of mental pain can lead to distress similar to that caused by actual injury or trauma. As such, it poses a life-threatening consequence for chronic patients, although it is rarely assessed and treated in clinical settings. One of the diseases associated with high levels of physical and mental pain is the rare disorder neurofibromatosis. This study aimed to evaluate mental pain in patients with neurofibromatosis and its association with disease severity.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 207 patients with neurofibromatosis who were members of the Iranian Neurofibromatosis Support Association during 2023. Data collection tools included a demographic and clinical information registration form and the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP), which comprises 44 items and 6 subscales, with a scoring range from 44 to 220.
Results: The total mental pain score was 121.15±42.41, with a range of 44 to 206. The total mental pain scores for men and women were 123.67±38.98 and 120.31±43.58, respectively. The "confusion" subscale had the highest average score, while the "fear of loneliness" subscale had the lowest average score. There was a statistically significant association between the total mental pain score and its subscales with the severity of the disease and the patient's educational level (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The mental pain scores of patients with neurofibromatosis were evaluated to be relatively unfavorable.
Keywords: Pain [MeSH], Neurofibromatosis [MeSH], Rare Disease [MeSH], Psychiatrists [MeSH], Fear [MeSH]
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 207 patients with neurofibromatosis who were members of the Iranian Neurofibromatosis Support Association during 2023. Data collection tools included a demographic and clinical information registration form and the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP), which comprises 44 items and 6 subscales, with a scoring range from 44 to 220.
Results: The total mental pain score was 121.15±42.41, with a range of 44 to 206. The total mental pain scores for men and women were 123.67±38.98 and 120.31±43.58, respectively. The "confusion" subscale had the highest average score, while the "fear of loneliness" subscale had the lowest average score. There was a statistically significant association between the total mental pain score and its subscales with the severity of the disease and the patient's educational level (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The mental pain scores of patients with neurofibromatosis were evaluated to be relatively unfavorable.
Keywords: Pain [MeSH], Neurofibromatosis [MeSH], Rare Disease [MeSH], Psychiatrists [MeSH], Fear [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Ensuring suitable access to hemodialysis, which provides high-quality dialysis over an extended period, is a significant challenge for patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). One crucial aspect of this is... more
Background and Objective: Ensuring suitable access to hemodialysis, which provides high-quality dialysis over an extended period, is a significant challenge for patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). One crucial aspect of this is maintaining the performance of hemodialysis catheters. Our study, which aimed to evaluate the one-year performance of long-term catheters in chronic hemodialysis patients in Golestan Province, is a critical step toward improving patient care in this population.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 99 patients (34 men and 65 women) with ESRD who were candidates for starting or continuing dialysis with a catheter in the educational and therapeutic centers of Golestan Province, Iran during 2021-22. Transjugular catheters were placed for the patients, and after one year, variables such as age, gender, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, catheter placement site (right or left jugular), and antiplatelet medication use were evaluated concerning the performance of long-term catheters in providing adequate flow for hemodialysis.
Results: In 91 patients (91.9%), the one-year catheter performance was assessed as satisfactory. The age of 61.6% of the patients were over 60 years old. Sixty-nine patients (69.7%) had a history of hypertension, and 58 patients (58.6%) had a history of diabetes. Fifty-seven patients (57.6%) received antiplatelet medication. The catheters were placed on the right side in 82 patients (82.8%). Catheter performance in patients taking antiplatelet medication was non-significantly higher than in those not taking antiplatelet medicines.
Conclusion: The performance of long-term catheters in chronic hemodialysis patients with ESRD showed no significant correlation with age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, antiplatelet medication use, or the side of the jugular vein where the catheter was placed.
Keywords: End-Stage Kidney Disease [MeSH], Hemodialysis [MeSH], Catheters [MeSH]
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 99 patients (34 men and 65 women) with ESRD who were candidates for starting or continuing dialysis with a catheter in the educational and therapeutic centers of Golestan Province, Iran during 2021-22. Transjugular catheters were placed for the patients, and after one year, variables such as age, gender, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, catheter placement site (right or left jugular), and antiplatelet medication use were evaluated concerning the performance of long-term catheters in providing adequate flow for hemodialysis.
Results: In 91 patients (91.9%), the one-year catheter performance was assessed as satisfactory. The age of 61.6% of the patients were over 60 years old. Sixty-nine patients (69.7%) had a history of hypertension, and 58 patients (58.6%) had a history of diabetes. Fifty-seven patients (57.6%) received antiplatelet medication. The catheters were placed on the right side in 82 patients (82.8%). Catheter performance in patients taking antiplatelet medication was non-significantly higher than in those not taking antiplatelet medicines.
Conclusion: The performance of long-term catheters in chronic hemodialysis patients with ESRD showed no significant correlation with age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, antiplatelet medication use, or the side of the jugular vein where the catheter was placed.
Keywords: End-Stage Kidney Disease [MeSH], Hemodialysis [MeSH], Catheters [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Neural, hormonal, and mechanical factors regulate the expression of fast-twitch isoforms in developing and mature muscle fibers. The transcriptional mechanisms responsible for regulating the gene expression of... more
Background and Objective: Neural, hormonal, and mechanical factors regulate the expression of fast-twitch isoforms in developing and mature muscle fibers. The transcriptional mechanisms responsible for regulating the gene expression of myosin heavy chain types are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of a single session of intense resistance exercise with glutamine supplementation on the relative expression of the alpha and IIX isoforms of the myosin heavy chain gene in male rats.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 30 adult male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, intense resistance exercise (first experimental group), and fierce resistance exercise combined with glutamine supplementation (second experimental group). The exercise groups participated in a single session of resistance climbing on an inclined plane with 4 sets of 5 repetitions, 30 seconds of rest between repetitions, and 2 minutes of rest between sets. Glutamine supplement powder was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water at a dose of 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight and administered daily via gavage for 5 days. The expression of alpha and IIX isoforms of the myosin heavy chain gene was examined in the extensor digitorum longus muscle tissue.
Results: The relative expression of the alpha myosin heavy chain gene in the fast-twitch muscle fibers increased significantly in the first experimental group (1.93±0.298) and the second experimental group (1.65±0.195) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The relative expression of the IIX motor unit gene in the fast-twitch muscle fibers also increased significantly in the first experimental group (1.42±0.239) and the second experimental group (1.26±0.190) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The increase in the relative expression of the alpha myosin heavy chain gene in the first experimental group compared to the second experimental group was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the increase in the relative expression of the IIX motor unit gene in the first experimental group compared to the second experimental group was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that a single session of intense resistance exercise, with or without glutamine supplementation, significantly increases the relative expression of the alpha myosin heavy chain gene and the IIX motor unit gene in the fast-twitch muscle fibers of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in adult male rats. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular
Keywords: Gene Expression [MeSH], Alpha-Myosin [MeSH], Fast-Twitch Muscle Fiber [MeSH], Exercise [MeSH], Glutamine [MeSH]
Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 30 adult male Wistar rats divided into three groups: control, intense resistance exercise (first experimental group), and fierce resistance exercise combined with glutamine supplementation (second experimental group). The exercise groups participated in a single session of resistance climbing on an inclined plane with 4 sets of 5 repetitions, 30 seconds of rest between repetitions, and 2 minutes of rest between sets. Glutamine supplement powder was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water at a dose of 0.5 grams per kilogram of body weight and administered daily via gavage for 5 days. The expression of alpha and IIX isoforms of the myosin heavy chain gene was examined in the extensor digitorum longus muscle tissue.
Results: The relative expression of the alpha myosin heavy chain gene in the fast-twitch muscle fibers increased significantly in the first experimental group (1.93±0.298) and the second experimental group (1.65±0.195) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The relative expression of the IIX motor unit gene in the fast-twitch muscle fibers also increased significantly in the first experimental group (1.42±0.239) and the second experimental group (1.26±0.190) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The increase in the relative expression of the alpha myosin heavy chain gene in the first experimental group compared to the second experimental group was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the increase in the relative expression of the IIX motor unit gene in the first experimental group compared to the second experimental group was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Our study concludes that a single session of intense resistance exercise, with or without glutamine supplementation, significantly increases the relative expression of the alpha myosin heavy chain gene and the IIX motor unit gene in the fast-twitch muscle fibers of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in adult male rats. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular
Keywords: Gene Expression [MeSH], Alpha-Myosin [MeSH], Fast-Twitch Muscle Fiber [MeSH], Exercise [MeSH], Glutamine [MeSH]
Research Interests:
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of various corrective exercises and supportive tools in individuals with genu valgum. To ensure a comprehensive review, a search for original research, review articles, and clinical... more
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of various corrective exercises and supportive tools in individuals with genu valgum. To ensure a comprehensive review, a search for original research, review articles, and clinical trials in both Persian and English was conducted using databases such as WOS, SID, ISC, Magiran, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search covered publications during January 2008 to March 2023. A total of 76 relevant articles were selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 22 articles ultimately reviewed and analyzed regarding the effects of various corrective exercises and supportive tools on genu valgum. Findings from one study indicated that aerobic exercises had a significant impact on reducing body mass index (BMI) and the severity of genuvalgum. Other studies reported positive effects of resistance and corrective exercises on improving muscle electrical activity and knee stability. One study demonstrated that the use of orthotic insoles could significantly enhance knee joint support during stair descent. Six studies highlighted the positive effects of using orthoses, wedges, and braces in individuals with genu valgum. Conversely, one study pointed out the negative impact of these tools, citing the reduced limiting angle of the brace, increased applied forces, and, ultimately, greater injury risk. However, findings from three studies overwhelmingly supported the positive effects of using kinesiotape in individuals with genu valgum, providing optimism about the effectiveness of these interventions. In conclusion, our review underscores the promising potential of corrective exercises, particularly resistance exercises with TheraBand, and the combination of these with supportive tools such as insoles for arch support and kinesiotape. These interventions show significant promise in reducing the degree of knee valgus in individuals with genu valgum. This hopeful outlook can inspire healthcare professionals and individuals seeking evidence-based interventions for genu valgum, empowering them with the knowledge to make informed decisions about their care.
Keywords: Genu Valgum [MeSH], Exercise Therapy [MeSH], Kinesio Tape [MeSH], Orthotic Insoles [MeSH]
Keywords: Genu Valgum [MeSH], Exercise Therapy [MeSH], Kinesio Tape [MeSH], Orthotic Insoles [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Esophageal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and due to the placement of Iran in the Asian belt of esophageal cancer, the use of modern therapeutic approaches is necessary. Betanin is a... more
Background and Objective: Esophageal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, and due to the placement of Iran in the Asian belt of esophageal cancer, the use of modern therapeutic approaches is necessary. Betanin is a natural compound extracted from the red beetroot of Beta vulgaris species whose antioxidant properties and role in removing free radicals have been proven. The present study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic effect of red beetroot aqueous extract on esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30 was cultured and then underwent treatment with different concentrations of red beetroot aqueous extract (3, 30, 300, 1000, and 3000 µg/mL) in the three time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The anticancer effect of treated cells was evaluated by the tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay and the effect of viability was evaluated by the trypan blue assay.
Results: The viability of esophageal cancer cell line at concentrations of 30, 300, 1000, and 3000 μg/mL of red beetroot aqueous extract within 24 hours was statistically significantly reduced compared to the control cells (P<0.05). The viability of esophageal cancer cell line in concentrations of 1000 and 3000 μg/mL of red beetroot aqueous extract within 48 hours showed a statistically significant reduction compared to the control cells (P<0.05). The viability of esophageal cancer cell line at concentrations of 3, 30, 300, 1000, and 3000 μg/mL of red beetroot aqueous extract within 72 hours showed a statistically significant reduction compared to the control cells (P<0.05). The MTT assay results approved the trypan blue assay results. Also, the trypan blue assay indicated that the concentration of 3000 μg/mL significantly led to reduced viability of cells within 72 hours (64.14±3.29) compared to 24 hours (77.22±3.34) and 48 hours (66.93±5.57) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Red beetroot aqueous extract has a cytotoxic effect on esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30.
Keywords: Esophageal Neoplasms [MeSH], KYSE30 cells , Red Beet Extract , Betanin [MeSH]
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30 was cultured and then underwent treatment with different concentrations of red beetroot aqueous extract (3, 30, 300, 1000, and 3000 µg/mL) in the three time intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The anticancer effect of treated cells was evaluated by the tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay and the effect of viability was evaluated by the trypan blue assay.
Results: The viability of esophageal cancer cell line at concentrations of 30, 300, 1000, and 3000 μg/mL of red beetroot aqueous extract within 24 hours was statistically significantly reduced compared to the control cells (P<0.05). The viability of esophageal cancer cell line in concentrations of 1000 and 3000 μg/mL of red beetroot aqueous extract within 48 hours showed a statistically significant reduction compared to the control cells (P<0.05). The viability of esophageal cancer cell line at concentrations of 3, 30, 300, 1000, and 3000 μg/mL of red beetroot aqueous extract within 72 hours showed a statistically significant reduction compared to the control cells (P<0.05). The MTT assay results approved the trypan blue assay results. Also, the trypan blue assay indicated that the concentration of 3000 μg/mL significantly led to reduced viability of cells within 72 hours (64.14±3.29) compared to 24 hours (77.22±3.34) and 48 hours (66.93±5.57) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Red beetroot aqueous extract has a cytotoxic effect on esophageal cancer cell line KYSE30.
Keywords: Esophageal Neoplasms [MeSH], KYSE30 cells , Red Beet Extract , Betanin [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Bacterial nanocellulose is known as a potential carrier for a widespread spectrum of biological compounds, including antibacterial and antifungal compounds. The present study was conducted to determine the impact... more
Background and Objective: Bacterial nanocellulose is known as a potential carrier for a widespread spectrum of biological compounds, including antibacterial and antifungal compounds. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of bacterial nanocellulose containing Natamycin and Amphotericin B on Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum in an in vitro environment.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research, Aspergillus flavus-PTCC: 5006 and Penicillium citrinum-PTCC: 5304 fungi were prepared from the Fungal Collection of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Natamycin and Amphotericin B against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum were evaluated by the microdilution method. Bacterial nanocellulose was prepared using Komagata xylinum bacterium, and Natamycin and Amphotericin B were added in three concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% to wet and lyophilized nanocellulose films by the immersion method. Then, the antifungal effects of the film containing the above compounds against the investigated fungi were investigated by the agar diffusion method. Parchment paper was used as a control for comparison. Spectral properties of nanocellulose film containing antifungal compounds were evaluated by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method.
Results: MIC and MFC of Natamycin for Aspergillus flavus were determined as 3.9 μg/mL and 7.81 μg/mL, and for Penicillium citrinum as 7.81 μg/mL and 15.62 μg/mL, respectively. MIC and MFC of Amphotericin B for Aspergillus flavus were determined as 7.81 μg/mL and 15.62 μg/mL, and for Penicillium citrinum as 15.62 μg/mL and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. The increased concentration had a statistically significant impact on the antifungal properties of all films (P<0.05). The best antifungal effects of the film were related to the film containing Natamycin.
Conclusion: Bacterial nanocellulose containing Natamycin showed stronger antifungal effects in an in vitro environment compared to Amphotericin B against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum.
Keywords: Bacterial Nanocellulose , Antifungal Agents [MeSH], Nanotechnology [MeSH], Aspergillus flavus [MeSH], Penicillium citrinum [MeSH]
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research, Aspergillus flavus-PTCC: 5006 and Penicillium citrinum-PTCC: 5304 fungi were prepared from the Fungal Collection of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Natamycin and Amphotericin B against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum were evaluated by the microdilution method. Bacterial nanocellulose was prepared using Komagata xylinum bacterium, and Natamycin and Amphotericin B were added in three concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1% to wet and lyophilized nanocellulose films by the immersion method. Then, the antifungal effects of the film containing the above compounds against the investigated fungi were investigated by the agar diffusion method. Parchment paper was used as a control for comparison. Spectral properties of nanocellulose film containing antifungal compounds were evaluated by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method.
Results: MIC and MFC of Natamycin for Aspergillus flavus were determined as 3.9 μg/mL and 7.81 μg/mL, and for Penicillium citrinum as 7.81 μg/mL and 15.62 μg/mL, respectively. MIC and MFC of Amphotericin B for Aspergillus flavus were determined as 7.81 μg/mL and 15.62 μg/mL, and for Penicillium citrinum as 15.62 μg/mL and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. The increased concentration had a statistically significant impact on the antifungal properties of all films (P<0.05). The best antifungal effects of the film were related to the film containing Natamycin.
Conclusion: Bacterial nanocellulose containing Natamycin showed stronger antifungal effects in an in vitro environment compared to Amphotericin B against Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum.
Keywords: Bacterial Nanocellulose , Antifungal Agents [MeSH], Nanotechnology [MeSH], Aspergillus flavus [MeSH], Penicillium citrinum [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Fatigue is considered one of the factors effective in changing the electrical activity of muscles so that it is directly linked to increasing the potential of muscular injuries and functional decline in various... more
Background and Objective: Fatigue is considered one of the factors effective in changing the electrical activity of muscles so that it is directly linked to increasing the potential of muscular injuries and functional decline in various stages of sports. The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of electrical activity of lower limb muscles before and after fatigue during running in individuals with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to healthy individuals.
Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 14 women with a history of COVID-19 over the past two months (the experimental group) and 14 women without a history of COVID-19 (the control group) with an age range of 18-30 years using the convenience sampling method in the city of Ardabil. The fatigue protocol started using a sophisticated treadmill at a speed of 6 km/h, and the treadmill speed was accelerated by 1 km/h every 2 minutes. The Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 6-20 Scale was used to determine the participants’ final moment of fatigue. A steady-state running fatigue protocol ended at a score higher than 17 on the Borg’s RPE 6-20 scale or 80% of maximum heart rate. Electromyography data were analyzed using the data LITE biometrics software before and after the fatigue protocol.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of the electrical activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle between the post-test of the control group and the experimental group (d=0.410, P=0.035). The pretest-posttest difference of the frequency of electrical activity of the VL muscle after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the loading response phase during running had a statistically significant increase in the experimental group than in the control group (d=0.602, P=0.016). The frequency of the activity of the semitendinosus muscle increased after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the mid-stance phase of running (d=0.261, P=0.005). The impact of fatigue on the frequency of the activity of the VL muscle during the push-off phase of running was statistically significant (d=0.140, P=0.049). The frequency of the activity of the VL muscle increased after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the push-off phase of running in the experimental group.
Conclusion: The increased electrical activity of the lower limb muscles in various phases of running after fatigue in individuals with a history of COVID-19 can be attributed to decreased neuromuscular coordination.
Keywords: Running [MeSH], Electromyography [MeSH], Fatigue [MeSH], COVID-19 [MeSH]
Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted on 14 women with a history of COVID-19 over the past two months (the experimental group) and 14 women without a history of COVID-19 (the control group) with an age range of 18-30 years using the convenience sampling method in the city of Ardabil. The fatigue protocol started using a sophisticated treadmill at a speed of 6 km/h, and the treadmill speed was accelerated by 1 km/h every 2 minutes. The Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 6-20 Scale was used to determine the participants’ final moment of fatigue. A steady-state running fatigue protocol ended at a score higher than 17 on the Borg’s RPE 6-20 scale or 80% of maximum heart rate. Electromyography data were analyzed using the data LITE biometrics software before and after the fatigue protocol.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of the electrical activity of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle between the post-test of the control group and the experimental group (d=0.410, P=0.035). The pretest-posttest difference of the frequency of electrical activity of the VL muscle after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the loading response phase during running had a statistically significant increase in the experimental group than in the control group (d=0.602, P=0.016). The frequency of the activity of the semitendinosus muscle increased after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the mid-stance phase of running (d=0.261, P=0.005). The impact of fatigue on the frequency of the activity of the VL muscle during the push-off phase of running was statistically significant (d=0.140, P=0.049). The frequency of the activity of the VL muscle increased after fatigue compared to before fatigue during the push-off phase of running in the experimental group.
Conclusion: The increased electrical activity of the lower limb muscles in various phases of running after fatigue in individuals with a history of COVID-19 can be attributed to decreased neuromuscular coordination.
Keywords: Running [MeSH], Electromyography [MeSH], Fatigue [MeSH], COVID-19 [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Type 1 diabetes is considered one of the most common chronic diseases during childhood. Diagnosis and presence of chronic disease in the child create tension, worry, and problems for parents, particularly for the... more
Background and Objective: Type 1 diabetes is considered one of the most common chronic diseases during childhood. Diagnosis and presence of chronic disease in the child create tension, worry, and problems for parents, particularly for the mother who is responsible for taking care of the child. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on the self-esteem of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: This clinical trial was carried out on 60 mothers of children with type 1 diabetes referring to diabetes clinics in the cities of Gonbad-e-Kavus and Gorgan, Golestan province, during 2022-23. Mothers were selected by the convenience sampling method and using a random number table and were assigned to two 30-people control and intervention groups. The resilience training program was implemented for the intervention group in 5-people groups for nine 90-minute sessions during 2 months. The data collection tool consisted of a demographic questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) filled out in two pre-test and post-test phases. Scoring of poor, moderate, and strong self-esteem was carried out by obtaining scores of 26 and below, 27-43, and over 44.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the overall self-esteem (22.73±3.26), social (7.32±0.79), occupational/social (7±1.46), and general self-esteem (44.73±5.03) dimensions had a statistically significant increase in the post-test in mothers of the intervention group compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). The mean and standard deviation of the self-esteem scores of mothers in the intervention group were evaluated as moderate at the onset of the study and strong at the post-test (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Resilience training culminated in increasing the self-esteem of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes.
Keywords: Mothers [MeSH], Child [MeSH], Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 [MeSH], Self Esteem [MeSH], Resilience [MeSH]
Methods: This clinical trial was carried out on 60 mothers of children with type 1 diabetes referring to diabetes clinics in the cities of Gonbad-e-Kavus and Gorgan, Golestan province, during 2022-23. Mothers were selected by the convenience sampling method and using a random number table and were assigned to two 30-people control and intervention groups. The resilience training program was implemented for the intervention group in 5-people groups for nine 90-minute sessions during 2 months. The data collection tool consisted of a demographic questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) filled out in two pre-test and post-test phases. Scoring of poor, moderate, and strong self-esteem was carried out by obtaining scores of 26 and below, 27-43, and over 44.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the overall self-esteem (22.73±3.26), social (7.32±0.79), occupational/social (7±1.46), and general self-esteem (44.73±5.03) dimensions had a statistically significant increase in the post-test in mothers of the intervention group compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). The mean and standard deviation of the self-esteem scores of mothers in the intervention group were evaluated as moderate at the onset of the study and strong at the post-test (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Resilience training culminated in increasing the self-esteem of mothers of children with type 1 diabetes.
Keywords: Mothers [MeSH], Child [MeSH], Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 [MeSH], Self Esteem [MeSH], Resilience [MeSH]
Research Interests:
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition, genetic counseling is a process in which information is presented about how genetic conditions affect a patient or his/her family. A genetic counselor... more
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition, genetic counseling is a process in which information is presented about how genetic conditions affect a patient or his/her family. A genetic counselor collects a patient’s personal and family health history to promote the family’s awareness and perception of specific genetic diseases, testing risks and advantages, disease management, and assessment of available therapeutic options. Intellectual disability (ID) and deafness are two common disabilities with considerable impacts on the quality of life of patients and their families. The present research has investigated the role of genetic counseling in the screening and prevention of deafness and ID based on the studies published in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases between 2015 and 2023. Genetic counseling can be employed as an influential tool in screening, early diagnosis, and prevention of ID and deafness. Considering that many cases of ID and deafness are rooted in individual genetics, genetic counseling can help lessen the risk factors of developing these disabilities and improve the quality of individual and family life. The effect of genetic counseling, as an influential tool, on screening, early diagnosis, and prevention of ID and hearing loss is also assessed.
Keywords: Genetic Counseling [MeSH], Intellectual Disability [MeSH], Hearing Loss [MeSH], Hearing Impairment [MeSH], Iran [MeSH]
Keywords: Genetic Counseling [MeSH], Intellectual Disability [MeSH], Hearing Loss [MeSH], Hearing Impairment [MeSH], Iran [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Unusual chest pain is often observed in older women with diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Some unusual manifestations of myocardial infarction have so far been reported, including earache, flank pain, fatigue, neck pain,... more
Unusual chest pain is often observed in older women with diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Some unusual manifestations of myocardial infarction have so far been reported, including earache, flank pain, fatigue, neck pain, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, and shoulder pain. In this article, we report a case of rare symptoms of cardiovascular disease with referral symptoms, including abdominal colic pain. The patient was a 55-year-old man with a history of diabetes under treatment with insulin who had abdominal colic pain, periodic epigastric tenderness, and frequent nausea and vomiting for 2 days. At first, he was suspected of pancreatitis, but considering that his amylase and lipase enzymes were normal and no evidence of the existence of free abdominal and pelvic fluid was observed according to ultrasound results, the hypothesis of pancreatitis was rejected. Despite the normality of the initial ECG until the night before the visit by the cardiologist, the patient experienced more severe pain and, as a result, was referred to the cardiac internal ward until the end of the same night, after angiography, it was found that the obtuse marginal (OM1) branch of coronary arteries had severe narrowing (90-99%). Abdominal tenderness and colic pain are among the unusual manifestations of myocardial infarction. In patients with cardiac risk factors, such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease, despite the existence of a normal ECG, uncommon manifestations should be checked.
Keywords: Myocardial Infarction [MeSH], Chest Pain [MeSH], Colic [MeSH]
Keywords: Myocardial Infarction [MeSH], Chest Pain [MeSH], Colic [MeSH]
Research Interests:
he visual processing disorder is broadly observed among individuals with autism. This study was conducted to develop an integrated rehabilitation program based on vibroacoustics and virtual reality and to assess its effectiveness on the... more
he visual processing disorder is broadly observed among individuals with autism. This study was conducted to develop an integrated rehabilitation program based on vibroacoustics and virtual reality and to assess its effectiveness on the visual processing of autistic children. This experimental case report was conducted using an Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) design on 5 children with autism referred to Zehnara Rehabilitation Clinic in the second half months of 2021. First, the integrated program was implemented for ten 30-minute sessions on 2 subjects randomly selected from among the samples. After determining the program validity, 3 more subjects were entered into the study. The sensory profile questionnaire-2 was used. The questionnaires were filled out at the baseline stage, at the end of each intervention session, and at the one-month follow-up stage. The visual analysis, the percentage of recovery, the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), and the percentage of overlapping data (POD) were used for data analysis. The implemented intervention was evaluated to be effective for all five subjects so that for Subjects No. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, the PND rates were obtained to be 90%, 90%, 70%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the integrated sensory rehabilitation program could be used to improve the visual processing of children with autism.
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder [MeSH], Visual Perception [MeSH], Virtual Reality [MeSH]
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder [MeSH], Visual Perception [MeSH], Virtual Reality [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Sinus extension is a physiological process that occurs in the growth cells of the paranasal sinuses and leads to increasing their volume over time, causing challenges in the dental implant process. This study was... more
Background and Objective: Sinus extension is a physiological process that occurs in the growth cells of the paranasal sinuses and leads to increasing their volume over time, causing challenges in the dental implant process. This study was conducted to evaluate maxillary sinus morphometrics by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the CBCT images of 100 people (52 male and 48 female) with a mean age of 45.32 ± 17.41 and the age range of 27 to 63 years referring to an oral and maxillofacial specialized radiology clinic in Babol, Iran during 2019. The amount of maxillary sinus extension in the panoramic-like view was recorded based on the amount of its extension in terms of the first anterior tooth and the last posterior tooth. In the new net technologies (NNT) software, in the section related to creating panoramic-like views, first, in the axial sections, the starting point of the maxillary sinus was specified from the occlusal side, and the mediolateral dimensions were measured at distances of 3 mm above and 3 mm below.
Results: The highest amount of maxillary sinus progress in the right anterior side was related to the mesial of tooth 5 (15%), and the highest amount of sinus progress in the left anterior side was related to the distal of tooth 3 (15%) and the mesial of tooth 4 (15%), which had no statistically significant differences. The most progress in the anterior area was related to the distal of the canine tooth and the mesial of the first premolar. The mean mediolateral sinus progress at 3 mm above the right nasal floor was higher in females than in males (P<0.05). Gender and age had no statistically significant relationship with maxillary sinus progress.
Conclusion: The maxillary sinus progress was almost equal in the left and right sides and also in males and females.
Keywords: Maxillary Sinus [MeSH], Panoramic Radiography [MeSH], Cone-Beam Computed Tomography [MeSH]
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the CBCT images of 100 people (52 male and 48 female) with a mean age of 45.32 ± 17.41 and the age range of 27 to 63 years referring to an oral and maxillofacial specialized radiology clinic in Babol, Iran during 2019. The amount of maxillary sinus extension in the panoramic-like view was recorded based on the amount of its extension in terms of the first anterior tooth and the last posterior tooth. In the new net technologies (NNT) software, in the section related to creating panoramic-like views, first, in the axial sections, the starting point of the maxillary sinus was specified from the occlusal side, and the mediolateral dimensions were measured at distances of 3 mm above and 3 mm below.
Results: The highest amount of maxillary sinus progress in the right anterior side was related to the mesial of tooth 5 (15%), and the highest amount of sinus progress in the left anterior side was related to the distal of tooth 3 (15%) and the mesial of tooth 4 (15%), which had no statistically significant differences. The most progress in the anterior area was related to the distal of the canine tooth and the mesial of the first premolar. The mean mediolateral sinus progress at 3 mm above the right nasal floor was higher in females than in males (P<0.05). Gender and age had no statistically significant relationship with maxillary sinus progress.
Conclusion: The maxillary sinus progress was almost equal in the left and right sides and also in males and females.
Keywords: Maxillary Sinus [MeSH], Panoramic Radiography [MeSH], Cone-Beam Computed Tomography [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: In recent years, studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence rate of congenital abnormalities in different regions of Iran, most of which were conducted on live births. This study was conducted to... more
Background and Objective: In recent years, studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence rate of congenital abnormalities in different regions of Iran, most of which were conducted on live births. This study was conducted to determine fetal abnormalities in pregnancies leading to legal abortion in Golestan province.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 199 pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 20 weeks with abortion licenses from the Forensic Medicine Center of Golestan province over 9 months during 2018-19. Demographic characteristics, including parents’ age, ethnicity, and family relationship, and the type of fetal abnormalities were recorded.
Results: Given 29,460 births in Golestan province over a 9-month period, the prevalence of fetal abnormalities was determined to be 6.75 per thousand births. The incidence rates of fetal abnormalities were determined to be 6.78, 6.68, 7.69, and 5.65 per thousand births in native Fars (80 cases), Turkmen (65 cases), Sistani (34 cases), and other (20 cases) ethnic groups, respectively. Since the gender of 80 fetuses was unknown, the incidence rates of abnormality were determined to be 4.36 and 3.72 per thousand births in female (63 cases) and male (56 cases) fetuses, respectively. The most common fetal abnormalities included central nervous system (n=49, 24.62%), chromosomal abnormalities (n=47, 23.61%), and cardiovascular impairments (n=26, 13.06%). The incidence of fetal abnormalities was not found to have a statistically significant relationship with parents' age, ethnicity, and family relationship.
Conclusion: The most prevalent fetal abnormality was related to central nervous system disorders. The incidence of fetal abnormalities had no relationship with the parents’ age, ethnicity, and family relationship.
Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities [MeSH], Legal Abortion [MeSH], Nervous System Malformations [MeSH], Chromosome Abnormality [MeSH], Congenital Heart Defect [MeSH]
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 199 pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 20 weeks with abortion licenses from the Forensic Medicine Center of Golestan province over 9 months during 2018-19. Demographic characteristics, including parents’ age, ethnicity, and family relationship, and the type of fetal abnormalities were recorded.
Results: Given 29,460 births in Golestan province over a 9-month period, the prevalence of fetal abnormalities was determined to be 6.75 per thousand births. The incidence rates of fetal abnormalities were determined to be 6.78, 6.68, 7.69, and 5.65 per thousand births in native Fars (80 cases), Turkmen (65 cases), Sistani (34 cases), and other (20 cases) ethnic groups, respectively. Since the gender of 80 fetuses was unknown, the incidence rates of abnormality were determined to be 4.36 and 3.72 per thousand births in female (63 cases) and male (56 cases) fetuses, respectively. The most common fetal abnormalities included central nervous system (n=49, 24.62%), chromosomal abnormalities (n=47, 23.61%), and cardiovascular impairments (n=26, 13.06%). The incidence of fetal abnormalities was not found to have a statistically significant relationship with parents' age, ethnicity, and family relationship.
Conclusion: The most prevalent fetal abnormality was related to central nervous system disorders. The incidence of fetal abnormalities had no relationship with the parents’ age, ethnicity, and family relationship.
Keywords: Congenital Abnormalities [MeSH], Legal Abortion [MeSH], Nervous System Malformations [MeSH], Chromosome Abnormality [MeSH], Congenital Heart Defect [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori infection is a chronic bacterial infection in humans, and its link to epilepsy has been reported in some studies. This study was conducted to compare the frequency of Helicobacter pylori... more
Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori infection is a chronic bacterial infection in humans, and its link to epilepsy has been reported in some studies. This study was conducted to compare the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with and without epilepsy.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 234 patients with focal and generalized epilepsy (the case group consisted of 88 males and 146 females) referring to Alavi Hospital in Ardabil, Iran and 234 individuals without epilepsy (the control group consisted of 88 males and 146 females) during 2019. Stool samples were taken from the subjects to assess the Helicobacter pylori stool antigen. Demographic information, including age, gender, place of residence, a history of alcohol, cigarette, hookah, and opium use, and the test result of the Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, were collected in a checklist.
Results: The frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection was determined to be 67.2% in the case group and 71.1% in the control group, and no statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups. Cigarette and opium use had statistically significant relationships with epilepsy (P<0.05). Moreover, opium users had a 6.92 times higher odds rate (OR) of contracting Helicobacter pylori infection than other individuals (CI 95%=1.05-45, OR=6.92, P<0.04).
Conclusion: No difference was observed in Helicobacter pylori infection between individuals with and without epilepsy.
Keywords: Epilepsy [MeSH], Helicobacter pylori [MeSH], Feces Sample [MeSH]
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 234 patients with focal and generalized epilepsy (the case group consisted of 88 males and 146 females) referring to Alavi Hospital in Ardabil, Iran and 234 individuals without epilepsy (the control group consisted of 88 males and 146 females) during 2019. Stool samples were taken from the subjects to assess the Helicobacter pylori stool antigen. Demographic information, including age, gender, place of residence, a history of alcohol, cigarette, hookah, and opium use, and the test result of the Helicobacter pylori stool antigen, were collected in a checklist.
Results: The frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection was determined to be 67.2% in the case group and 71.1% in the control group, and no statistically significant difference was found between the case and control groups. Cigarette and opium use had statistically significant relationships with epilepsy (P<0.05). Moreover, opium users had a 6.92 times higher odds rate (OR) of contracting Helicobacter pylori infection than other individuals (CI 95%=1.05-45, OR=6.92, P<0.04).
Conclusion: No difference was observed in Helicobacter pylori infection between individuals with and without epilepsy.
Keywords: Epilepsy [MeSH], Helicobacter pylori [MeSH], Feces Sample [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had many psychological impacts on the relatives of patients with COVID-19, which can influence their physical health. This study was conducted to determine... more
Background and Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had many psychological impacts on the relatives of patients with COVID-19, which can influence their physical health. This study was conducted to determine Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and its link to the physical health of relatives of patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 98 relatives of patients with COVID-19 (the case group) with a mean age of 38.56±9.09 years and 98 family members without patients (the control group) with a mean age of 35.79±9.88 years referring to health centers in Gorgan, Iran during 2022. The subjects were selected by a simple random sampling method after extracting the list of patients with COVID-19 from the Health Information Software (NAB) system of health centers. For each selected case, according to the list of families in the NAB system, a family confirmed with a lack of COVID-19 infection was selected as the control group using the simple random sampling method. The data collection tools included the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and the patient health questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15).
Results: The mean OCD score in the case group (6.46±5.87) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.04±3.76) (P<0.05). The mean physical health disorder of the case group (7.60±4.32) was significantly higher than that in the control group (3.43±3.98) (P<0.05). A significant direct linear correlation was found between OCD and physical health in both groups (r=0.39, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The levels of OCD and physical health disorders were significantly higher in family members with a COVID-19 patient than in family members without a COVID-19 patient.
Keywords: Coronavirus [MeSH], COVID-19 [MeSH], Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder [MeSH], Health [MeSH]
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 98 relatives of patients with COVID-19 (the case group) with a mean age of 38.56±9.09 years and 98 family members without patients (the control group) with a mean age of 35.79±9.88 years referring to health centers in Gorgan, Iran during 2022. The subjects were selected by a simple random sampling method after extracting the list of patients with COVID-19 from the Health Information Software (NAB) system of health centers. For each selected case, according to the list of families in the NAB system, a family confirmed with a lack of COVID-19 infection was selected as the control group using the simple random sampling method. The data collection tools included the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and the patient health questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15).
Results: The mean OCD score in the case group (6.46±5.87) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.04±3.76) (P<0.05). The mean physical health disorder of the case group (7.60±4.32) was significantly higher than that in the control group (3.43±3.98) (P<0.05). A significant direct linear correlation was found between OCD and physical health in both groups (r=0.39, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The levels of OCD and physical health disorders were significantly higher in family members with a COVID-19 patient than in family members without a COVID-19 patient.
Keywords: Coronavirus [MeSH], COVID-19 [MeSH], Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder [MeSH], Health [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Considering the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in various products, including industrial and medical products, serious worries have been created regarding the potential dangers of silver nanoparticles.... more
Background and Objective: Considering the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in various products, including industrial and medical products, serious worries have been created regarding the potential dangers of silver nanoparticles. This study was conducted to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles on the kidney tissues of quercetin-treated NMRI rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult male NMRI rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6. The groups included the control group, the silver nanoparticles group (500 mg/kg/bw), the quercetin group (50 mg/kg/bw), and the silver nanoparticles (500 mg/kg/bw) + quercetin (50 mg/kg/bw) group. Silver nanoparticles were fed orally on a daily basis for 35 days. Quercetin was injected intraperitoneally on a daily basis for 42 days. At the end of the study, after taking blood from the rats, the dissection, tissue passaging, and Heidenhain’s Azan staining stages were carried out. The total volumes of the kidney, cortex and medulla, renal corpuscle, and glomerulus were evaluated by a stereological method. A qualitative assessment of apoptotic cells was performed using the tunnel method. The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum was specified as an indicator of lipid peroxidation by the Buege and Aust method.
Results: Comparing the body weight and kidneys, and the total kidney, cortex, and medulla volumes showed no statistically significant difference between the silver nanoparticles group and the control group. The silver nanoparticles group showed a significant increase in the total mean renal corpuscle volume, glomerular volume, tuft volume, Bowman’s capsule membrane volume, and the amount of MDA compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, a statistically significant reduction was observed in the silver nanoparticles group in the total mean volume of Bowman’s capsule and capillary spaces compared to the control group (P<0.05). Quercetin could reduce the detrimental effects of silver nanoparticles on kidney cells as much as the control group; however, apoptosis was not shown in kidney cells in the group treated with quercetin. Assessing the cells in the silver nanoparticles group indicated the creation of apoptosis. The amount of serum MDA in the silver nanoparticles group showed a statistically significant increase compared to other groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that quercetin could reduce the detrimental effects of silver nanoparticles on kidney cells as much as the control group.
Keywords: Nanoparticles [MeSH], Silver [MeSH], Quercetin [MeSH], Kidney [MeSH], Mice [MeSH]
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 adult male NMRI rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6. The groups included the control group, the silver nanoparticles group (500 mg/kg/bw), the quercetin group (50 mg/kg/bw), and the silver nanoparticles (500 mg/kg/bw) + quercetin (50 mg/kg/bw) group. Silver nanoparticles were fed orally on a daily basis for 35 days. Quercetin was injected intraperitoneally on a daily basis for 42 days. At the end of the study, after taking blood from the rats, the dissection, tissue passaging, and Heidenhain’s Azan staining stages were carried out. The total volumes of the kidney, cortex and medulla, renal corpuscle, and glomerulus were evaluated by a stereological method. A qualitative assessment of apoptotic cells was performed using the tunnel method. The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum was specified as an indicator of lipid peroxidation by the Buege and Aust method.
Results: Comparing the body weight and kidneys, and the total kidney, cortex, and medulla volumes showed no statistically significant difference between the silver nanoparticles group and the control group. The silver nanoparticles group showed a significant increase in the total mean renal corpuscle volume, glomerular volume, tuft volume, Bowman’s capsule membrane volume, and the amount of MDA compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, a statistically significant reduction was observed in the silver nanoparticles group in the total mean volume of Bowman’s capsule and capillary spaces compared to the control group (P<0.05). Quercetin could reduce the detrimental effects of silver nanoparticles on kidney cells as much as the control group; however, apoptosis was not shown in kidney cells in the group treated with quercetin. Assessing the cells in the silver nanoparticles group indicated the creation of apoptosis. The amount of serum MDA in the silver nanoparticles group showed a statistically significant increase compared to other groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that quercetin could reduce the detrimental effects of silver nanoparticles on kidney cells as much as the control group.
Keywords: Nanoparticles [MeSH], Silver [MeSH], Quercetin [MeSH], Kidney [MeSH], Mice [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: The application of different nanoparticles using green synthesis is increasing due to fewer complications. This study was conducted to identify the effect of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with sumac... more
Background and Objective: The application of different nanoparticles using green synthesis is increasing due to fewer complications. This study was conducted to identify the effect of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with sumac extract on changes in biochemical and histological factors in rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 30 five-month-old male Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 250-300 mg/kg of body weight were divided into three groups: The control group (saline receiving), the experimental groups receiving intraperitoneal cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with sumac extract at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight. Serum and tissue samples (liver, kidney, and spleen) were isolated. Serum concentrations of urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine were determined. The photometric method was used to measure liver enzymes, the calorimetric method without omitting proteins based on the Jaffe method was used to measure creatinine, and the urease-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) method was used to measure urea. Tissue samples were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) microscopic studies were used for microscopic investigations.
Results: No statistical significance was observed in blood samples and factors (urea, creatinine, ALT, and AST) in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Similarly, in the morphological investigation, the size of the liver, kidney, and spleen of the groups receiving cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with sumac extract was normal compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with sumac had no toxic effect on the rats’ liver, spleen, and kidney tissues.
Keywords: Nanoparticles [MeSH], Rhus [MeSH], Cobalt Ferrite [MeSH], Histology [MeSH], Rats [MeSH]
Methods: In this experimental study, 30 five-month-old male Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 250-300 mg/kg of body weight were divided into three groups: The control group (saline receiving), the experimental groups receiving intraperitoneal cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with sumac extract at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight. Serum and tissue samples (liver, kidney, and spleen) were isolated. Serum concentrations of urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine were determined. The photometric method was used to measure liver enzymes, the calorimetric method without omitting proteins based on the Jaffe method was used to measure creatinine, and the urease-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) method was used to measure urea. Tissue samples were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) microscopic studies were used for microscopic investigations.
Results: No statistical significance was observed in blood samples and factors (urea, creatinine, ALT, and AST) in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Similarly, in the morphological investigation, the size of the liver, kidney, and spleen of the groups receiving cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with sumac extract was normal compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles synthesized with sumac had no toxic effect on the rats’ liver, spleen, and kidney tissues.
Keywords: Nanoparticles [MeSH], Rhus [MeSH], Cobalt Ferrite [MeSH], Histology [MeSH], Rats [MeSH]
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Physical disability caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) increases MS patients' need for support from others. Medication adherence is one of the main success factors in the treatment of chronic diseases, which is... more
Background and Objective: Physical disability caused by multiple sclerosis (MS) increases MS patients' need for support from others. Medication adherence is one of the main success factors in the treatment of chronic diseases, which is influenced by various factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived social support and medication adherence in patients with MS.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 110 patients (70 women and 40 men) aged 39±9 years with MS who visited the 2 medical training centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Kashani and Al-Zahra), Isfahan, Iran during 2021. After sampling by the systematic random method, the data were collected by interviews and using Zimmet's Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the scores of medication adherence and perceived social support were 6.10±1.72 and 62.83±14.97, respectively. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, perceived social support did not show any significant relationship with medication adherence (r=0.185, P=0.053). Perceived social support showed a statistically significant relationship with income satisfaction (F=4.54, P=0.01), the pattern of clinical course (F=2.95, P=0.03), difficulty in accessing medical care (t=-2.29, P=0.02), and clinical symptoms, including motor (t=-3.72, P=0.001), balance (t=-3.23, P=0.002), and urinary disorders (t=-2.53, P=0.01).
Conclusion: Perceived social support in patients with MS did not cause medication adherence.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 110 patients (70 women and 40 men) aged 39±9 years with MS who visited the 2 medical training centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Kashani and Al-Zahra), Isfahan, Iran during 2021. After sampling by the systematic random method, the data were collected by interviews and using Zimmet's Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the scores of medication adherence and perceived social support were 6.10±1.72 and 62.83±14.97, respectively. According to the Pearson correlation coefficient, perceived social support did not show any significant relationship with medication adherence (r=0.185, P=0.053). Perceived social support showed a statistically significant relationship with income satisfaction (F=4.54, P=0.01), the pattern of clinical course (F=2.95, P=0.03), difficulty in accessing medical care (t=-2.29, P=0.02), and clinical symptoms, including motor (t=-3.72, P=0.001), balance (t=-3.23, P=0.002), and urinary disorders (t=-2.53, P=0.01).
Conclusion: Perceived social support in patients with MS did not cause medication adherence.
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: A basic factor in the reduction of fertility levels is delayed fertility. This research was carried out in Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 535... more
Background and Objective: A basic factor in the reduction of fertility levels is delayed fertility. This research was carried out in Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 535 married women aged 15-49 years in Khorramabad. The data were collected face-to-face through a cross-sectional survey in 2020 using a researcher-made questionnaire between September and December 2019. This study used the Kaplan-Meier test to determine the childlessness survival time. A logistic parametric model with the gamma shared frailty distributions was employed to analyze its determinants.
Results: The mean of childlessness survival time was 31.76 months, with a median of 24 months. Women in the age group of 15 to 30 years, women with university education, women who married at the age of less than 25 years, and women with a higher sense of socioeconomic insecurity had a longer childlessness survival time (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Childlessness was evaluated as low in Khorramabad. Only 2% of the women remained childless after 10 years of marriage.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 535 married women aged 15-49 years in Khorramabad. The data were collected face-to-face through a cross-sectional survey in 2020 using a researcher-made questionnaire between September and December 2019. This study used the Kaplan-Meier test to determine the childlessness survival time. A logistic parametric model with the gamma shared frailty distributions was employed to analyze its determinants.
Results: The mean of childlessness survival time was 31.76 months, with a median of 24 months. Women in the age group of 15 to 30 years, women with university education, women who married at the age of less than 25 years, and women with a higher sense of socioeconomic insecurity had a longer childlessness survival time (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Childlessness was evaluated as low in Khorramabad. Only 2% of the women remained childless after 10 years of marriage.
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Lidocaine is the most effective anesthetic and a valuable drug for nerve pain control and management. Dexamethasone is commonly used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Dexamethasone, together with a... more
Background and Objective: Lidocaine is the most effective anesthetic and a valuable drug for nerve pain control and management. Dexamethasone is commonly used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Dexamethasone, together with a local anesthetic, enhances the peripheral nerve block. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the duration of anesthesia and analgesia effects after surgery in 2 anesthesia methods.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 50 patients aged 18 to 70 years who were candidates for orthopedic surgery and visited the 5th Azar Medical Training Center, Gorgan, Iran during 2021. The sample was selected via convenience sampling and by checking the inclusion criteria. In group 1, 10 ml of Lidocaine 1%, and in group 2, 8 ml of 1% Lidocaine and 2 ml of dexamethasone were used as infiltration in the operation site. The average onset of analgesia and the duration of analgesia as well as postoperative pain between both anesthesia methods were determined and compared with the visual analog scale.
Results: The average duration of anesthetic effect was significantly higher in group 2 (P<0.05). In addition, the average pain duration of the patients of group 2 had a downward trend from the time of entry to when they exited the recovery room (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of dexamethasone and Lidocaine increased the duration of finger nerve block effect and analgesia after surgery.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 50 patients aged 18 to 70 years who were candidates for orthopedic surgery and visited the 5th Azar Medical Training Center, Gorgan, Iran during 2021. The sample was selected via convenience sampling and by checking the inclusion criteria. In group 1, 10 ml of Lidocaine 1%, and in group 2, 8 ml of 1% Lidocaine and 2 ml of dexamethasone were used as infiltration in the operation site. The average onset of analgesia and the duration of analgesia as well as postoperative pain between both anesthesia methods were determined and compared with the visual analog scale.
Results: The average duration of anesthetic effect was significantly higher in group 2 (P<0.05). In addition, the average pain duration of the patients of group 2 had a downward trend from the time of entry to when they exited the recovery room (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of dexamethasone and Lidocaine increased the duration of finger nerve block effect and analgesia after surgery.
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Using lumbar orthoses changes the running mechanics. An essential biomechanical factor in rehabilitation and injury prevention is the co-contraction of the knee and ankle joints. Therefore, this study aimed to... more
Background and Objective: Using lumbar orthoses changes the running mechanics. An essential biomechanical factor in rehabilitation and injury prevention is the co-contraction of the knee and ankle joints. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 2 types of thoracolumbosacral braces on ankle and knee joint co-contraction in people with kyphosis during running.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 15 men aged 18-25 years suffering from kyphosis greater than 40 degrees in the Biomechanics Laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Health Center during the summer of 2020. Each participant randomly performed 3 running tests in each condition: without a brace, with a sensor brace, and with a simple brace. The test consisted of electromyographic data of the selected lower limb muscles, which also recorded the contraction of the knee and ankle muscles in the right leg when running at a constant speed.
Results: The results showed a reduction of the general knee co-contraction while using a sensory brace compared to without the brace by 6% during the loading phase (P<0.05). Additionally, using a simple brace compared to the condition without a brace, the ankle-directed contraction during the push-off phase decreased by 38% (P<0.05). Directed vastus medialis and lateralis co-contraction while using a sensory brace increased by about 49% compared to without the brace at the loading phase and increased by about 47% at the mid-stance phase without a brace condition compared to the simple brace condition (P<0.05).
Conclusion: General knee co-contraction after using a sensory brace was lower than when a simple brace was used.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 15 men aged 18-25 years suffering from kyphosis greater than 40 degrees in the Biomechanics Laboratory of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Health Center during the summer of 2020. Each participant randomly performed 3 running tests in each condition: without a brace, with a sensor brace, and with a simple brace. The test consisted of electromyographic data of the selected lower limb muscles, which also recorded the contraction of the knee and ankle muscles in the right leg when running at a constant speed.
Results: The results showed a reduction of the general knee co-contraction while using a sensory brace compared to without the brace by 6% during the loading phase (P<0.05). Additionally, using a simple brace compared to the condition without a brace, the ankle-directed contraction during the push-off phase decreased by 38% (P<0.05). Directed vastus medialis and lateralis co-contraction while using a sensory brace increased by about 49% compared to without the brace at the loading phase and increased by about 47% at the mid-stance phase without a brace condition compared to the simple brace condition (P<0.05).
Conclusion: General knee co-contraction after using a sensory brace was lower than when a simple brace was used.
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Obesity is a well-known public health problem that affects people of all ages. It has myriad effects on several body tissues, including the thyroid, in both human and animal models. Some treatments, such as... more
Background and Objective: Obesity is a well-known public health problem that affects people of all ages. It has myriad effects on several body tissues, including the thyroid, in both human and animal models. Some treatments, such as dietary modification and physical activity, may be effective or ineffective in reducing obesity. Accordingly, the present research investigated the effects of obesity on thyroid tissue and the impact of diet modification and aerobic exercises on histopathological and hormonal changes in the thyroid tissue of obese male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, for obesity induction, 50 three-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to a high-fat diet (including 40% fat, 40% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 12 weeks. Then, 25 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy control, obese + high-fat diet, obese + normal diet, obese + high-fat diet + aerobic, obese + normal diet + aerobic. After the induction of obesity, 2 groups were given a standard diet (including 20% fat, 10% protein, and 70% carbohydrates). Aerobic exercises for 8 weeks included 30 minutes per day, 8 m/min, and 5 days per week. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed, and the thyroid tissue was sent to the laboratory for histopathological studies. Also, 5 cc of blood was taken to study TSH, T3, and T4 using a radioimmunoassay kit.
Results: The serum levels of TSH hormone increased slightly in the high-fat diet groups compared to the control group and the normal diet with/without aerobic activity group. Also, the amount of T3 hormone in the group receiving a normal diet along with aerobic activity was significantly lower than in the control, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet along with aerobic activity groups (P<0.05). The T4 hormone increased significantly in all obesity groups compared to the control group (P<0.05), and these values were at the level of the control group (P<0.05) only in the group receiving the normal diet along with aerobic activity. Regarding the histopathological results, many changes were found in the follicular, parafollicular, and follicle cells of the thyroid tissue in the obesity group continuing the high-fat diet; these changes were significantly reduced in the groups for which the diet was changed to the normal diet alone and with aerobic activity.
Conclusion: Induction of obesity causes significant structural and biochemical changes in the thyroid, and the combination of diet modification and aerobic activity is more effective in alleviating these changes.
Methods: In this experimental study, for obesity induction, 50 three-week-old male Wistar rats were exposed to a high-fat diet (including 40% fat, 40% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 12 weeks. Then, 25 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: healthy control, obese + high-fat diet, obese + normal diet, obese + high-fat diet + aerobic, obese + normal diet + aerobic. After the induction of obesity, 2 groups were given a standard diet (including 20% fat, 10% protein, and 70% carbohydrates). Aerobic exercises for 8 weeks included 30 minutes per day, 8 m/min, and 5 days per week. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed, and the thyroid tissue was sent to the laboratory for histopathological studies. Also, 5 cc of blood was taken to study TSH, T3, and T4 using a radioimmunoassay kit.
Results: The serum levels of TSH hormone increased slightly in the high-fat diet groups compared to the control group and the normal diet with/without aerobic activity group. Also, the amount of T3 hormone in the group receiving a normal diet along with aerobic activity was significantly lower than in the control, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet along with aerobic activity groups (P<0.05). The T4 hormone increased significantly in all obesity groups compared to the control group (P<0.05), and these values were at the level of the control group (P<0.05) only in the group receiving the normal diet along with aerobic activity. Regarding the histopathological results, many changes were found in the follicular, parafollicular, and follicle cells of the thyroid tissue in the obesity group continuing the high-fat diet; these changes were significantly reduced in the groups for which the diet was changed to the normal diet alone and with aerobic activity.
Conclusion: Induction of obesity causes significant structural and biochemical changes in the thyroid, and the combination of diet modification and aerobic activity is more effective in alleviating these changes.
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Population growth and pollution caused by the discharge of all kinds of urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage, leachate from landfills, and surface water runoff cause an increase in pollution of water... more
Background and Objective: Population growth and pollution caused by the discharge of all kinds of urban, industrial, and agricultural sewage, leachate from landfills, and surface water runoff cause an increase in pollution of water sources. The entry of heavy metals into the environment, especially aquatic ecosystems, due to entering the food chain and jeopardizing human health is one of the concerns of society. This study was conducted to determine the level of heavy metals in muscles of Cynoglossus arel and Pomadasys kaakan fishes in Boushehr coastal waters, north of the Persian Gulf.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on twenty pieces of Cynoglossus arel and twenty pieces of Pomadasys kaakan fishes take place from three coastal stations of Boushehr, north of the Persian Gulf, Iran during spring of 2022. The samples were randomly selected from the fish market. After preparation, bioassay, and digestion of fish muscle by concentrated nitric acid, the concentration of heavy metals including nickel, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium (µg/g) in the muscle tissue was measured by ICP-OES device. The concentration of heavy metals in the fish muscle tissue for human consumption was compared with international standards (FAO, WHO, FDA, NHMRC, and UKMAFF). According to the method of the US Environmental Protection Agency for fish consumption, daily absorption estimates and heavy metal risk indicators were calculated.
Results: The risk potential index for both species was less than one. The daily and weekly absorption of Cynoglossus arel (zinc > copper > nickel > lead > cadmium) and Pomadasys kaakan (copper > zinc > nickel > lead > cadmium) were determined. The mean concentration of heavy metals nickel, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in the muscle tissue of the studied species was determined to be 1.88±0.07, 27.16±8.11, 11.55±4.12, 1.14±0.06, and 0.19±0.03 µg/g, respectively. The highest amounts of studied metals in aquatic animals were zinc > copper > nickel > lead > cadmium. The concentration of metals in the analyzed samples was lower than the international standards.
Conclusion: Regarding toxicity, the concentration of metals in Cynoglossus arel and Pomadasys kaakan was evaluated as acceptable for human consumption. In addition, the amount of risk potential and risk index for non-cancerous diseases in adults and children in fish muscle tissue was less than 1, and the consumption of this fish does not cause any problems for human health.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on twenty pieces of Cynoglossus arel and twenty pieces of Pomadasys kaakan fishes take place from three coastal stations of Boushehr, north of the Persian Gulf, Iran during spring of 2022. The samples were randomly selected from the fish market. After preparation, bioassay, and digestion of fish muscle by concentrated nitric acid, the concentration of heavy metals including nickel, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium (µg/g) in the muscle tissue was measured by ICP-OES device. The concentration of heavy metals in the fish muscle tissue for human consumption was compared with international standards (FAO, WHO, FDA, NHMRC, and UKMAFF). According to the method of the US Environmental Protection Agency for fish consumption, daily absorption estimates and heavy metal risk indicators were calculated.
Results: The risk potential index for both species was less than one. The daily and weekly absorption of Cynoglossus arel (zinc > copper > nickel > lead > cadmium) and Pomadasys kaakan (copper > zinc > nickel > lead > cadmium) were determined. The mean concentration of heavy metals nickel, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium in the muscle tissue of the studied species was determined to be 1.88±0.07, 27.16±8.11, 11.55±4.12, 1.14±0.06, and 0.19±0.03 µg/g, respectively. The highest amounts of studied metals in aquatic animals were zinc > copper > nickel > lead > cadmium. The concentration of metals in the analyzed samples was lower than the international standards.
Conclusion: Regarding toxicity, the concentration of metals in Cynoglossus arel and Pomadasys kaakan was evaluated as acceptable for human consumption. In addition, the amount of risk potential and risk index for non-cancerous diseases in adults and children in fish muscle tissue was less than 1, and the consumption of this fish does not cause any problems for human health.
Research Interests:
Background and Objective: Nutritional knowledge can affect food choices and, as a result, sports performance. The study of nutritional knowledge, attitude, and performance in athletes can play a fundamental role in choosing the type of... more
Background and Objective: Nutritional knowledge can affect food choices and, as a result, sports performance. The study of nutritional knowledge, attitude, and performance in athletes can play a fundamental role in choosing the type of training and adapting suitable dietary interventions. This study was done to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and nutritional performance of male bodybuilding athletes in Gorgan, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on 104 male bodybuilding athletes over 18 years old with a history of at least three months of continuous bodybuilding who were randomly selected from 13 bodybuilding clubs in Gorgan, Iran during 2020. Parmenter and Wardle’s standard questionnaire measured athletes’ nutritional knowledge, attitude, and performance. The questionnaire was completed by the athletes with the guidance of the researcher. A trained nutritionist collected anthropometric and body composition data using an Omron BF511 device.
Results: Poor nutritional knowledge, poor dietary attitude and poor nutritional performance was observed in 67.3%, 33.65% and 77.88% of the athletes respectively. A significant correlation was observed between nutritional knowledge with weight (r=0.23, P=0.02), BMI (r=0.27, P=0.01), and body fat percentage (r=0.22, P=0.02). Also A significant correlation was determined between nutritional performance with body weight (r=0.31, P<0.001), BMI (r=0.27, P<0.001), exercise time per week (r=0.22, P=0.02), and exercise timespan (r=0.32, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitude, and nutritional performance of bodybuilding athletes was weak.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was done on 104 male bodybuilding athletes over 18 years old with a history of at least three months of continuous bodybuilding who were randomly selected from 13 bodybuilding clubs in Gorgan, Iran during 2020. Parmenter and Wardle’s standard questionnaire measured athletes’ nutritional knowledge, attitude, and performance. The questionnaire was completed by the athletes with the guidance of the researcher. A trained nutritionist collected anthropometric and body composition data using an Omron BF511 device.
Results: Poor nutritional knowledge, poor dietary attitude and poor nutritional performance was observed in 67.3%, 33.65% and 77.88% of the athletes respectively. A significant correlation was observed between nutritional knowledge with weight (r=0.23, P=0.02), BMI (r=0.27, P=0.01), and body fat percentage (r=0.22, P=0.02). Also A significant correlation was determined between nutritional performance with body weight (r=0.31, P<0.001), BMI (r=0.27, P<0.001), exercise time per week (r=0.22, P=0.02), and exercise timespan (r=0.32, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitude, and nutritional performance of bodybuilding athletes was weak.