Installation Instructions

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Briefly, the shell command ./configure && make && make install' should configure, build, and install this package. The following more-detailed instructions are generic; see the README' file for instructions specific to this package. Some packages provide this `INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented below. The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not necessarily a bug. More recommendations for GNU packages can be found in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.

The configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent variables used during compilation. It uses those values to create a Makefile' in each directory of the package. It may also create one or more .h' files containing system-dependent definitions. Finally, it creates a shell script config.status' that you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, and a file config.log' containing compiler output (useful mainly for debugging configure').

It can also use an optional file (typically called config.cache' and enabled with --cache-file=config.cache' or simply `-C') that saves the results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring. Caching is disabled by default to prevent problems with accidental use of stale cache files.

If you need to do unusual things to compile the package, please try to figure out how configure' could check whether to do them, and mail diffs or instructions to the address given in the README' so they can be considered for the next release. If you are using the cache, and at some point `config.cache' contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it.

The file configure.ac' (or configure.in') is used to create configure' by a program called autoconf'. You need configure.ac' if you want to change it or regenerate configure' using a newer version of `autoconf'.

The simplest way to compile this package is:

1. cd' to the directory containing the package's source code and type ./configure' to configure the package for your system.

   Running `configure' might take a while. While running, it prints some messages telling which features it is checking for.

2. Type `make' to compile the package.

3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.

4. Type make install' to install the programs and any data files and documentation. When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular user, and only the make install' phase executed with root privileges.

5. Optionally, type make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but this time using the binaries in their final installed location. This target does not install anything. Running this target as a regular user, particularly if the prior make install' required root privileges, verifies that the installation completed correctly.

6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the source code directory by typing make clean'. To also remove the files that configure' created (so you can compile the package for a different kind of computer), type make distclean'. There is also a make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly for the package's developers. If you use it, you may have to get all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came with the distribution.

7. Often, you can also type `make uninstall' to remove the installed files again. In practice, not all packages have tested that uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the GNU Coding Standards.

8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide make distcheck', which can by used by developers to test that all other targets like make install' and `make uninstall' work correctly. This target is generally not run by end users.

Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that the configure' script does not know about. Run ./configure --help' for details on some of the pertinent environment variables.

You can give `configure' initial values for configuration parameters by setting variables in the command line or in the environment. Here is an example:

 ./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-g LIBS=-lposix

*Note Defining Variables::, for more details.

You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their own directory. To do this, you can use GNU make'. cd' to the directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run the configure' script. configure' automatically checks for the source code in the directory that configure' is in and in ..'. This is known as a "VPATH" build.

With a non-GNU make', it is safer to compile the package for one architecture at a time in the source code directory. After you have installed the package for one architecture, use make distclean' before reconfiguring for another architecture.

On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or "universal" binaries--by specifying multiple -arch' options to the compiler but only a single -arch' option to the preprocessor. Like this:

 ./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
             CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
             CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E"

This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results using the `lipo' tool if you have problems.

By default, make install' installs the package's commands under /usr/local/bin', include files under /usr/local/include', etc. You can specify an installation prefix other than /usr/local' by giving configure' the option --prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an absolute file name.

You can specify separate installation prefixes for architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files. If you pass the option --exec-prefix=PREFIX' to configure', the package uses PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries. Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.

In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give options like --bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular kinds of files. Run configure --help' for a list of the directories you can set and what kinds of files go in them. In general, the default for these options is expressed in terms of ${prefix}', so that specifying just --prefix' will affect all of the other directory specifications that were not explicitly provided.

The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the correct locations to configure'; however, many packages provide one or both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the make install' command line to change installation locations without having to reconfigure or recompile.

The first method involves providing an override variable for each affected directory. For example, make install prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of ${prefix}'. Any directories that were specified during configure', but not in terms of ${prefix}', must each be overridden at install time for the entire installation to be relocated. The approach of makefile variable overrides for each directory variable is required by the GNU Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation. However, some platforms have known limitations with the semantics of shared libraries that end up requiring recompilation when using this method, particularly noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool.

The second method involves providing the DESTDIR' variable. For example, make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend /alternate/directory' before all installation names. The approach of DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and does not work on platforms that have drive letters. On the other hand, it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even when some directory options were not specified in terms of ${prefix}' at configure' time.

If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving configure' the option --program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.

Some packages pay attention to --enable-FEATURE' options to configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package. They may also pay attention to --with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE is something like gnu-as' or x' (for the X Window System). The README' should mention any --enable-' and --with-' options that the package recognizes.

For packages that use the X Window System, configure' can usually find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't, you can use the configure' options --x-includes=DIR' and --x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.

Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the execution of make' will be. For these packages, running ./configure --enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be overridden with make V=1'; while running ./configure --disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be overridden with `make V=0'.

On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible. If GNU CC is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in order to use an ANSI C compiler:

 ./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"

and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.

HP-UX make' updates targets which have the same time stamps as their prerequisites, which makes it generally unusable when shipped generated files such as configure' are involved. Use GNU `make' instead.

On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot parse its <wchar.h>' header file. The option -nodtk' can be used as a workaround. If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended to try

 ./configure CC="cc"

and if that doesn't work, try

 ./configure CC="cc -nodtk"

On Solaris, don't put /usr/ucb' early in your PATH'. This directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of these programs are available in /usr/bin'. So, if you need /usr/ucb' in your PATH', put it _after_ /usr/bin'.

On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in /boot/common', not /usr/local'. It is recommended to use the following options:

 ./configure --prefix=/boot/common

There may be some features configure' cannot figure out automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package will run on. Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the _same_ architectures, configure' can figure that out, but if it prints a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the --build=TYPE' option. TYPE can either be a short name for the system type, such as sun4', or a canonical name which has the form:

 CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM

where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:

 OS
 KERNEL-OS

See the file config.sub' for the possible values of each field. If config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't need to know the machine type.

If you are building compiler tools for cross-compiling, you should use the option `--target=TYPE' to select the type of system they will produce code for.

If you want to use a cross compiler, that generates code for a platform different from the build platform, you should specify the "host" platform (i.e., that on which the generated programs will eventually be run) with `--host=TYPE'.

If you want to set default values for configure' scripts to share, you can create a site shell script called config.site' that gives default values for variables like CC', cache_file', and prefix'. configure' looks for PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists. Or, you can set the CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script. A warning: not all configure' scripts look for a site script.

Variables not defined in a site shell script can be set in the environment passed to configure'. However, some packages may run configure again during the build, and the customized values of these variables may be lost. In order to avoid this problem, you should set them in the configure' command line, using `VAR=value'. For example:

 ./configure CC=/usr/local2/bin/gcc

causes the specified `gcc' to be used as the C compiler (unless it is overridden in the site shell script).

Unfortunately, this technique does not work for `CONFIG_SHELL' due to an Autoconf limitation. Until the limitation is lifted, you can use this workaround:

 CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash ./configure CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash

`configure' recognizes the following options to control how it operates.

--help' -h' Print a summary of all of the options to `configure', and exit.

--help=short' --help=recursive' Print a summary of the options unique to this package's configure', and exit. The short' variant lists options used only in the top level, while the `recursive' variant lists options also present in any nested packages.

--version' -V' Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure' script, and exit.

--cache-file=FILE' Enable the cache: use and save the results of the tests in FILE, traditionally config.cache'. FILE defaults to `/dev/null' to disable caching.

--config-cache' -C' Alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'.

--quiet' --silent' -q' Do not print messages saying which checks are being made. To suppress all normal output, redirect it to /dev/null' (any error messages will still be shown).

--srcdir=DIR' Look for the package's source code in directory DIR. Usually configure' can determine that directory automatically.

`--prefix=DIR' Use DIR as the installation prefix. *note Installation Names:: for more details, including other options available for fine-tuning the installation locations.

--no-create' -n' Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output files.

configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options. Run configure --help' for more details.