matplotlib · timhoffm · Apr 9, 2025 · Mar 17, 2025 · Mar 17, 2025
diff --git a/.flake8 b/.flake8
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reviewdog.yml b/.github/workflows/reviewdog.yml
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  flake8:
-    name: flake8
+  ruff:
+    name: ruff
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
       checks: write
@@ -21,19 +21,19 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: '3.10'
 
-      - name: Install flake8
-        run: pip3 install -r requirements/testing/flake8.txt
+      - name: Install ruff
+        run: pip3 install ruff
 
       - name: Set up reviewdog
         uses: reviewdog/action-setup@e04ffabe3898a0af8d0fb1af00c188831c4b5893  # v1.3.9
 
-      - name: Run flake8
+      - name: Run ruff
         env:
           REVIEWDOG_GITHUB_API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
           set -o pipefail
-          flake8 --docstring-convention=all | \
-            reviewdog -f=pep8 -name=flake8 \
+          ruff check --output-format rdjson | \
+            reviewdog -f=rdjson \
               -tee -reporter=github-check -filter-mode nofilter
   mypy:
     name: mypy

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -41,15 +41,14 @@ repos:
         args: ["--config-file=pyproject.toml", "lib/matplotlib"]
         files: lib/matplotlib  # Only run when files in lib/matplotlib are changed.
         pass_filenames: false
-  - repo: https://github.com/pycqa/flake8
-    rev: 7.1.1
+
+  - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+    # Ruff version.
+    rev: v0.11.0
     hooks:
-      - id: flake8
-        additional_dependencies:
-          - pydocstyle>5.1.0
-          - flake8-docstrings>1.4.0
-          - flake8-force
-        args: ["--docstring-convention=all"]
+      # Run the linter.
+      - id: ruff
+        args: [--fix, --show-fixes]
   - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
     rev: v2.3.0
     hooks:

diff --git a/doc/devel/coding_guide.rst b/doc/devel/coding_guide.rst
@@ -15,22 +15,28 @@ consistency, and maintainability of the code base.
 
 .. _code-style:
 
-PEP8, as enforced by flake8
-===========================
+PEP8, as enforced by ruff
+=========================
 
-Formatting should follow the recommendations of PEP8_, as enforced by flake8_.
+Formatting should follow the recommendations of PEP8_, as enforced by ruff_.
 Matplotlib modifies PEP8 to extend the maximum line length to 88
-characters. You can check flake8 compliance from the command line with ::
+characters. You can check PEP8 compliance from the command line with ::
+
+    python -m pip install ruff
+    ruff check /path/to/module.py
+
+or your editor may provide integration with it. To check all files,
+and fix any errors in-place (where possible) run ::
+
+    ruff check --fix
 
-    python -m pip install flake8
-    flake8 /path/to/module.py
 
-or your editor may provide integration with it.  Note that Matplotlib intentionally
-does not use the black_ auto-formatter (1__), in particular due to its inability
-to understand the semantics of mathematical expressions (2__, 3__).
+Matplotlib intentionally does not use the black_ auto-formatter (1__),
+in particular due to its inability to understand the semantics of
+mathematical expressions (2__, 3__).
 
 .. _PEP8: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
-.. _flake8: https://flake8.pycqa.org/
+.. _ruff: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/
 .. _black: https://black.readthedocs.io/
 .. __: https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib/issues/18796
 .. __: https://github.com/psf/black/issues/148

diff --git a/doc/install/dependencies.rst b/doc/install/dependencies.rst
@@ -346,7 +346,6 @@ otherwise they must be installed manually:
 - pikepdf_ used in some tests for the pgf and pdf backends
 - psutil_ used in testing the interactive backends
 - pytest-cov_ (>= 2.3.1) to collect coverage information
-- pytest-flake8_ to test coding standards using flake8_
 - pytest-timeout_ to limit runtime in case of stuck tests
 - pytest-xdist_ to run tests in parallel
 - pytest-xvfb_ to run tests without windows popping up (Linux)
@@ -373,15 +372,13 @@ them will be skipped by pytest.
 .. _Ghostscript: https://ghostscript.com/
 .. _Inkscape: https://inkscape.org
 .. _WenQuanYi Zen Hei: http://wenq.org/en/
-.. _flake8: https://pypi.org/project/flake8/
 .. _nbconvert: https://pypi.org/project/nbconvert/
 .. _nbformat: https://pypi.org/project/nbformat/
 .. _pandas: https://pypi.org/project/pandas/
 .. _pikepdf: https://pypi.org/project/pikepdf/
 .. _psutil: https://pypi.org/project/psutil/
 .. _pytz: https://fonts.google.com/noto/use#faq
 .. _pytest-cov: https://pytest-cov.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
-.. _pytest-flake8: https://pypi.org/project/pytest-flake8/
 .. _pytest-timeout: https://pypi.org/project/pytest-timeout/
 .. _pytest-xdist: https://pypi.org/project/pytest-xdist/
 .. _pytest-xvfb: https://pypi.org/project/pytest-xvfb/

diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
@@ -55,8 +55,6 @@ dependencies:
   # testing
   - black<24
   - coverage
-  - flake8>=3.8,<7.2
-  - flake8-docstrings>=1.4.0
   - gtk4
   - ipykernel
   - nbconvert[execute]!=6.0.0,!=6.0.1,!=7.3.0,!=7.3.1
@@ -72,4 +70,5 @@ dependencies:
   - pytest-xdist
   - tornado
   - pytz
+  - ruff
   - tox
diff --git a/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tests/test_axes3d.py b/lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tests/test_axes3d.py
@@ -2021,7 +2021,7 @@ def test_rotate(style):
 
             c = np.sqrt(3)/2
             expectations = {
-                ('azel', 0, 1, 0): (0,  -45, 0),
+                ('azel', 0, 1, 0): (0, -45, 0),
                 ('azel', 0, 0, 1): (-45, 0, 0),
                 ('azel', 0, 0.5, c): (-38.971143, -22.5, 0),
                 ('azel', 0, 2, 0): (0, -90, 0),

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
@@ -99,6 +99,10 @@ exclude = [
     "tools/gh_api.py",
     ".tox",
     ".eggs",
+    # TODO: fix .pyi files
+    "*.pyi",
+    # TODO: fix .ipynb files
+    "*.ipynb"
 ]
 line-length = 88
 target-version = "py310"
@@ -112,15 +116,28 @@ ignore = [
     "D104",
     "D105",
     "D106",
+    "D107",
     "D200",
     "D202",
+    "D203",
     "D204",
     "D205",
+    "D212",
     "D301",
     "D400",
     "D401",
+    "D402",
     "D403",
     "D404",
+    "D413",
+    "D415",
+    "D416",
+    "D417",
+    "E24",
+    "E266",
+    "E305",
+    "E306",
+    "E721",
     "E741",
     "F841",
 ]
@@ -180,6 +197,7 @@ convention = "numpy"
 "galleries/examples/user_interfaces/pylab_with_gtk4_sgskip.py" = ["E402"]
 "galleries/examples/userdemo/pgf_preamble_sgskip.py" = ["E402"]
 
+"lib/matplotlib/__init__.py" = ["F822"]
 "lib/matplotlib/_cm.py" = ["E202", "E203"]
 "lib/matplotlib/_mathtext.py" = ["E221"]
 "lib/matplotlib/_mathtext_data.py" = ["E203"]
@@ -194,6 +212,7 @@ convention = "numpy"
 "lib/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/proj3d.py" = ["E201"]
 
 "galleries/users_explain/artists/paths.py" = ["E402"]
+"galleries/users_explain/quick_start.py" = ["E402"]
 "galleries/users_explain/artists/patheffects_guide.py" = ["E402"]
 "galleries/users_explain/artists/transforms_tutorial.py" = ["E402", "E501"]
 "galleries/users_explain/colors/colormaps.py" = ["E501"]

diff --git a/requirements/dev/dev-requirements.txt b/requirements/dev/dev-requirements.txt
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 -r ../doc/doc-requirements.txt
 -r ../testing/all.txt
 -r ../testing/extra.txt
--r ../testing/flake8.txt
+ruff
diff --git a/requirements/testing/flake8.txt b/requirements/testing/flake8.txt