matplotlib · timhoffm · Nov 14, 2020 · Nov 1, 2020 · jklymak · Nov 13, 2020
diff --git a/examples/lines_bars_and_markers/hat_graph.py b/examples/lines_bars_and_markers/hat_graph.py
@@ -1,51 +1,74 @@
 """
-===============================
-Hat Graph with labels
-===============================
-This example shows a how to create a hat graph
-and how to annotate with labels.
-Refer (https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-019-0182-3)
-to know more about hat graph
+=========
+Hat graph
+=========
+This example shows how to create a `hat graph`_ and how to annotate it with
+labels.
+
+.. _hat graph: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-019-0182-3
 """
 import matplotlib
 import numpy as np
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+
+
+def hat_graph(ax, xlabels, values, group_labels):
+    """
+    Create a hat graph.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    ax : matplotlib.axes.Axes
+        The Axes to plot into.
+    xlabels : list of str
+        The category names to be displayed on the x-axis.
+    values : array-like (M, N)
+        The data values.
+        Rows are the groups (len(group_labels) == M).
+        Columns are the categories (len(xlabels) == N).
+    group_labels : list of str
+        The group labels displayed in the legend.
+    """
+
+    def label_bars(heights, rects):
+        """Attach a text label on top of each bar."""
+        for height, rect in zip(heights, rects):
+            ax.annotate(f'{height}',
+                        xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height),
+                        xytext=(0, 4),  # 4 points vertical offset.
+                        textcoords='offset points',
+                        ha='center', va='bottom')
+
+    values = np.asarray(values)
+    x = np.arange(values.shape[1])
+    ax.set_xticks(x)
+    ax.set_xticklabels(xlabels)
+    spacing = 0.3  # spacing between hat groups
+    width = (1 - spacing) / values.shape[0]
+    heights0 = values[0]
+    for i, (heights, group_label) in enumerate(zip(values, group_labels)):
+        style = {'fill': False} if i == 0 else {'edgecolor': 'black'}
+        rects = ax.bar(x - spacing/2 + i * width, heights - heights0,
+                       width, bottom=heights0, label=group_label, **style)
+        label_bars(heights, rects)
+
+
 # initialise labels and a numpy array make sure you have
 # N labels of N number of values in the array
-labels = ['I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V']
+xlabels = ['I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V']
 playerA = np.array([5, 15, 22, 20, 25])
 playerB = np.array([25, 32, 34, 30, 27])
-x = np.arange(len(labels))
-width = 0.35
+
 fig, ax
90F9
 = plt.subplots()
-rects1 = ax.bar(x - width/2, np.zeros_like(playerA), width,
-                bottom=playerA, label='Player A', fill=False)
-rects2 = ax.bar(x + width/2, playerB - playerA, width,
-                bottom=playerA, label='Player B', edgecolor='black')
+hat_graph(ax, xlabels, [playerA, playerB], ['Player A', 'Player B'])
 
 # Add some text for labels, title and custom x-axis tick labels, etc.
-ax.set_ylim(0, 60)
+ax.set_xlabel('Games')
 ax.set_ylabel('Score')
-ax.set_title('Scores by number of game and Players')
-ax.set_xticks(x)
-ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
+ax.set_ylim(0, 60)
+ax.set_title('Scores by number of game and players')
 ax.legend()
-ax.set_xlabel('Games')
-
 
-def Label(heights, rects):
-    """Attach a text label on top of each bar."""
-    i = 0
-    for rect in rects:
-        height = int(heights[i])
-        i += 1
-        ax.annotate('{}'.format(height),
-                    xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height),
-                    xytext=(0, 4),  # 4 points vertical offset.
-                    textcoords="offset points",
-                    ha='center', va='bottom')
-Label(playerA, rects1)
-Label(playerB, rects2)
 fig.tight_layout()
 plt.show()
 #############################################################################