matplotlib · timhoffm · Nov 24, 2019 · Sep 19, 2019 · Nov 11, 2019 · Nov 12, 2019
diff --git a/doc/api/next_api_changes/deprecations.rst b/doc/api/next_api_changes/deprecations.rst
@@ -41,3 +41,9 @@ Flags containing "U" passed to `.cbook.to_filehandle` and `.cbook.open_file_cm`
 Please remove "U" from flags passed to `.cbook.to_filehandle` and
 `.cbook.open_file_cm`.  This is consistent with their removal from `open` in
 Python 3.9.
+
+PDF and PS character tracking internals
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The ``used_characters`` attribute and ``track_characters`` and
+``merge_used_characters`` methods of `.RendererPdf`, `.PdfFile`, and
+`.RendererPS` are deprecated.
diff --git a/doc/missing-references.json b/doc/missing-references.json
@@ -357,6 +357,10 @@
       "lib/matplotlib/backend_tools.py:docstring of matplotlib.backend_tools.ToolGrid:1",
       "lib/matplotlib/backend_tools.py:docstring of matplotlib.backend_tools.ToolMinorGrid:1"
     ],
+    "matplotlib.backends._backend_pdf_ps.CharacterTracker": [
+      "lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py:docstring of matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.PdfFile:1",
+      "lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py:docstring of matplotlib.backends.backend_ps.RendererPS:1"
+    ],
     "matplotlib.backends._backend_pdf_ps.RendererPDFPSBase": [
       "lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py:docstring of matplotlib.backends.backend_pdf.RendererPdf:1",
       "lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py:docstring of matplotlib.backends.backend_ps.RendererPS:1"

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.py b/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.py
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ class RendererBase:
     """
 
     def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
         self._texmanager = None
         self._text2path = textpath.TextToPath()
 

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/_backend_pdf_ps.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/_backend_pdf_ps.py
@@ -16,11 +16,51 @@ def _cached_get_afm_from_fname(fname):
         return AFM(fh)
 
 
+class CharacterTracker:
+    """
+    Helper for font subsetting by the pdf and ps backends.
+
+    Maintains a mapping of font paths to the set of character codepoints that
+    are being used from that font.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.used = {}
+
+    @mpl.cbook.deprecated("3.3")
+    @property
+    def used_characters(self):
+        d = {}
+        for fname, chars in self.used.items():
+            realpath, stat_key = mpl.cbook.get_realpath_and_stat(fname)
+            d[stat_key] = (realpath, chars)
+        return d
+
+    def track(self, font, s):
+        """Record that string *s* is being typeset using font *font*."""
+        if isinstance(font, str):
+            # Unused, can be removed after removal of track_characters.
+            fname = font
+        else:
+            fname = font.fname
+        self.used.setdefault(fname, set()).update(map(ord, s))
+
+    def merge(self, other):
+        """Update self with a font path to character codepoints."""
+        for fname, charset in other.items():
+            self.used.setdefault(fname, set()).update(charset)
+
+
 class RendererPDFPSBase(RendererBase):
     # The following attributes must be defined by the subclasses:
     # - _afm_font_dir
     # - _use_afm_rc_name
 
+    def __init__(self, width, height):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.width = width
+        self.height = height
+
     def flipy(self):
         # docstring inherited
         return False  # y increases from bottom to top.

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.py
@@ -451,6 +451,8 @@ def __init__(self, filename, metadata=None):
             for `'Creator'`, `'Producer'` and `'CreationDate'`. They
             can be removed by setting them to `None`.
         """
+        super().__init__()
+
         self._object_seq = itertools.count(1)  # consumed by reserveObject
         self.xrefTable = [[0, 65535, 'the zero object']]
         self.passed_in_file_object = False
@@ -513,7 +515,7 @@ def __init__(self, filename, metadata=None):
         self.dviFontInfo = {}   # maps dvi font names to embedding information
         # differently encoded Type-1 fonts may share the same descriptor
         self.type1Descriptors = {}
-        self.used_characters = {}
+        self._character_tracker = _backend_pdf_ps.CharacterTracker()
 
         self.alphaStates = {}   # maps alpha values to graphics state objects
         self._alpha_state_seq = (Name(f'A{i}') for i in itertools.count(1))
@@ -550,6 +552,11 @@ def __init__(self, filename, metadata=None):
                      'ProcSet': procsets}
         self.writeObject(self.resourceObject, resources)
 
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.3")
+    @property
+    def used_characters(self):
+        return self.file._character_tracker.used_characters
+
     def newPage(self, width, height):
         self.endStream()
 
@@ -724,10 +731,9 @@ def writeFonts(self):
             else:
                 # a normal TrueType font
                 _log.debug('Writing TrueType font.')
-                realpath, stat_key = cbook.get_realpath_and_stat(filename)
-                chars = self.used_characters.get(stat_key)
-                if chars is not None and len(chars[1]):
-                    fonts[Fx] = self.embedTTF(realpath, chars[1])
+                chars = self._character_tracker.used.get(filename)
+                if chars:
+                    fonts[Fx] = self.embedTTF(filename, chars)
         self.writeObject(self.fontObject, fonts)
 
     def _write_afm_font(self, filename):
@@ -868,9 +874,11 @@ def createType1Descriptor(self, t1font, fontfile):
         return fontdescObject
 
     def _get_xobject_symbol_name(self, filename, symbol_name):
-        return "%s-%s" % (
+        Fx = self.fontName(filename)
+        return "-".join([
+            Fx.name.decode(),
             os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0],
-            symbol_name)
+            symbol_name])
 
     _identityToUnicodeCMap = b"""/CIDInit /ProcSet findresource begin
 12 dict begin
@@ -1675,9 +1683,7 @@ def afm_font_cache(self, _cache=cbook.maxdict(50)):
     _use_afm_rc_name = "pdf.use14corefonts"
 
     def __init__(self, file, image_dpi, height, width):
-        RendererBase.__init__(self)
-        self.height = height
-        self.width = width
+        super().__init__(width, height)
         self.file = file
         self.gc = self.new_gc()
         self.mathtext_parser = MathTextParser("Pdf")
@@ -1713,22 +1719,14 @@ def check_gc(self, gc, fillcolor=None):
         gc._fillcolor = orig_fill
         gc._effective_alphas = orig_alphas
 
-    def track_characters(self, font, s):
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.3")
+    def track_characters(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """Keeps track of which characters are required from each font."""
-        if isinstance(font, str):
-            fname = font
-        else:
-            fname = font.fname
-        realpath, stat_key = cbook.get_realpath_and_stat(fname)
-        used_characters = self.file.used_characters.setdefault(
-            stat_key, (realpath, set()))
-        used_characters[1].update(map(ord, s))
-
-    def merge_used_characters(self, other):
-        for stat_key, (realpath, charset) in other.items():
-            used_characters = self.file.used_characters.setdefault(
-                stat_key, (realpath, set()))
-            used_characters[1].update(charset)
+        self.file._character_tracker.track(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.3")
+    def merge_used_characters(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.file._character_tracker.merge(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def get_image_magnification(self):
         return self.image_dpi/72.0
@@ -1938,7 +1936,7 @@ def draw_mathtext(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle):
         # TODO: fix positioning and encoding
         width, height, descent, glyphs, rects, used_characters = \
             self.mathtext_parser.parse(s, 72, prop)
-        self.merge_used_characters(used_characters)
+        self.file._character_tracker.merge(used_characters)
 
         # When using Type 3 fonts, we can't use character codes higher
         # than 255, so we use the "Do" command to render those
@@ -2101,7 +2099,7 @@ def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
             fonttype = 1
         else:
             font = self._get_font_ttf(prop)
-            self.track_characters(font, s)
+            self.file._character_tracker.track(font, s)
             fonttype = rcParams['pdf.fonttype']
             # We can't subset all OpenType fonts, so switch to Type 42
             # in that case.

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_ps.py
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
 from matplotlib.backend_bases import (
     _Backend, FigureCanvasBase, FigureManagerBase, GraphicsContextBase,
     RendererBase)
-from matplotlib.cbook import (get_realpath_and_stat, is_writable_file_like,
-                              file_requires_unicode)
+from matplotlib.cbook import is_writable_file_like, file_requires_unicode
 from matplotlib.font_manager import is_opentype_cff_font, get_font
 from matplotlib.ft2font import LOAD_NO_HINTING
 from matplotlib.ttconv import convert_ttf_to_ps
@@ -202,9 +201,7 @@ def __init__(self, width, height, pswriter, imagedpi=72):
         # Although postscript itself is dpi independent, we need to inform the
         # image code about a requested dpi to generate high resolution images
         # and them scale them before embedding them.
-        RendererBase.__init__(self)
-        self.width = width
-        self.height = height
+        super().__init__(width, height)
         self._pswriter = pswriter
         if rcParams['text.usetex']:
             self.textcnt = 0
@@ -224,21 +221,22 @@ def __init__(self, width, height, pswriter, imagedpi=72):
         self._clip_paths = {}
         self._path_collection_id = 0
 
-        self.used_characters = {}
+        self._character_tracker = _backend_pdf_ps.CharacterTracker()
         self.mathtext_parser = MathTextParser("PS")
 
-    def track_characters(self, font, s):
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.3")
+    @property
+    def used_characters(self):
+        return self._character_tracker.used_characters
+
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.3")
+    def track_characters(self, *args, **kwargs):
         """Keeps track of which characters are required from each font."""
-        realpath, stat_key = get_realpath_and_stat(font.fname)
-        used_characters = self.used_characters.setdefault(
-            stat_key, (realpath, set()))
-        used_characters[1].update(map(ord, s))
+        self._character_tracker.track(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    def merge_used_characters(self, other):
-        for stat_key, (realpath, charset) in other.items():
-            used_characters = self.used_characters.setdefault(
-                stat_key, (realpath, set()))
-            used_characters[1].update(charset)
+    @cbook.deprecated("3.3")
+    def merge_used_characters(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._character_tracker.merge(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def set_color(self, r, g, b, store=1):
         if (r, g, b) != self.color:
@@ -621,7 +619,7 @@ def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
         else:
             font = self._get_font_ttf(prop)
             font.set_text(s, 0, flags=LOAD_NO_HINTING)
-            self.track_characters(font, s)
+            self._character_tracker.track(font, s)
 
             self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb())
             ps_name = (font.postscript_name
@@ -650,7 +648,7 @@ def draw_mathtext(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle):
 
         width, height, descent, pswriter, used_characters = \
             self.mathtext_parser.parse(s, 72, prop)
-        self.merge_used_characters(used_characters)
+        self._character_tracker.merge(used_characters)
         self.set_color(*gc.get_rgb())
         thetext = pswriter.getvalue()
         self._pswriter.write(f"""\
@@ -980,46 +978,40 @@ def print_figure_impl(fh):
             Ndict = len(psDefs)
             print("%%BeginProlog", file=fh)
             if not rcParams['ps.useafm']:
-                Ndict += len(ps_renderer.used_characters)
+                Ndict += len(ps_renderer._character_tracker.used)
             print("/mpldict %d dict def" % Ndict, file=fh)
             print("mpldict begin", file=fh)
             for d in psDefs:
                 d = d.strip()
                 for l in d.split('\n'):
                     print(l.strip(), file=fh)
             if not rcParams['ps.useafm']:
-                for font_filename, chars in \
-                        ps_renderer.used_characters.values():
-                    if len(chars):
-                        font = get_font(font_filename)
-                        glyph_ids = [font.get_char_index(c) for c in chars]
-
-                        fonttype = rcParams['ps.fonttype']
-
-                        # Can not use more than 255 characters from a
-                        # single font for Type 3
-                        if len(glyph_ids) > 255:
-                            fonttype = 42
-
-                        # The ttf to ps (subsetting) support doesn't work for
-                        # OpenType fonts that are Postscript inside (like the
-                        # STIX fonts).  This will simply turn that off to avoid
-                        # errors.
-                        if is_opentype_cff_font(font_filename):
-                            raise RuntimeError(
-                                "OpenType CFF fonts can not be saved using "
-                                "the internal Postscript backend at this "
-                                "time; consider using the Cairo backend")
-                        else:
-                            fh.flush()
-                            try:
-                                convert_ttf_to_ps(os.fsencode(font_filename),
-                                                  fh, fonttype, glyph_ids)
-                            except RuntimeError:
-                                _log.warning("The PostScript backend does not "
-                                             "currently support the selected "
-                                             "font.")
-                                raise
+                for font_path, chars \
+                        in ps_renderer._character_tracker.used.items():
+                    if not chars:
+                        continue
+                    font = get_font(font_path)
+                    glyph_ids = [font.get_char_index(c) for c in chars]
+                    fonttype = rcParams['ps.fonttype']
+                    # Can't use more than 255 chars from a single Type 3 font.
+                    if len(glyph_ids) > 255:
+                        fonttype = 42
+                    # The ttf to ps (subsetting) support doesn't work for
+                    # OpenType fonts that are Postscript inside (like the STIX
+                    # fonts).  This will simply turn that off to avoid errors.
+                    if is_opentype_cff_font(font_path):
+                        raise RuntimeError(
+                            "OpenType CFF fonts can not be saved using "
+                            "the internal Postscript backend at this "
+                            "time; consider using the Cairo backend")
+                    fh.flush()
+                    try:
+                        convert_ttf_to_ps(os.fsencode(font_path),
+                                          fh, fonttype, glyph_ids)
+                    except RuntimeError:
+                        _log.warning("The PostScript backend does not "
+                                     "currently support the selected font.")
+                        raise
             print("end", file=fh)
             print("%%EndProlog", file=fh)
 

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/cbook/__init__.py b/lib/matplotlib/cbook/__init__.py
@@ -524,6 +524,7 @@ def flatten(seq, scalarp=is_scalar_or_string):
             yield from flatten(item, scalarp)
 
 
+@deprecated("3.3", alternative="os.path.realpath and os.stat")
 @functools.lru_cache()
 def get_realpath_and_stat(path):
     realpath = os.path.realpath(path)

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/font_manager.py b/lib/matplotlib/font_manager.py
@@ -1238,9 +1238,10 @@ def findfont(self, prop, fontext='ttf', directory=None,
         rc_params = tuple(tuple(rcParams[key]) for key in [
             "font.serif", "font.sans-serif", "font.cursive", "font.fantasy",
             "font.monospace"])
-        return self._findfont_cached(
+        filename = self._findfont_cached(
             prop, fontext, directory, fallback_to_default, rebuild_if_missing,
             rc_params)
+        return os.path.realpath(filename)
 
     @lru_cache()
     def _findfont_cached(self, prop, fontext, directory, fallback_to_default,
@@ -1339,6 +1340,9 @@ def is_opentype_cff_font(filename):
 
 
 def get_font(filename, hinting_factor=None):
+    # Resolving the path avoids embedding the font twice in pdf/ps output if a
+    # single font is selected using two different relative paths.
+    filename = os.path.realpath(filename)
     if hinting_factor is None:
         hinting_factor = rcParams['text.hinting_factor']
     return _get_font(os.fspath(filename), hinting_factor,

diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/mathtext.py b/lib/matplotlib/mathtext.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 
 from matplotlib import cbook, colors as mcolors, rcParams
 from matplotlib.afm import AFM
-from matplotlib.cbook import get_realpath_and_stat
 from matplotlib.ft2font import FT2Image, KERNING_DEFAULT, LOAD_NO_HINTING
 from matplotlib.font_manager import findfont, FontProperties, get_font
 from matplotlib._mathtext_data import (latex_to_bakoma, latex_to_standard,
@@ -485,10 +484,7 @@ def render_glyph(self, ox, oy, facename, font_class, sym, fontsize, dpi):
           - *dpi*: The dpi to draw at.
         """
         info = self._get_info(facename, font_class, sym, fontsize, dpi)
-        realpath, stat_key = get_realpath_and_stat(info.font.fname)
-        used_characters = self.used_characters.setdefault(
-            stat_key, (realpath, set()))
-        used_characters[1].add(info.num)
+        self.used_characters.setdefault(info.font.fname, set()).add(info.num)
         self.mathtext_backend.render_glyph(ox, oy, info)
 
     def render_rect_filled(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):