A collection of papers and resources about temporal knowledge graph completion (TKGC).
In this repository, we collect recent literature on TKGC. Over the past decade, research on TKGC has evolved through a well-defined sequence of methodological stages, reflecting the increasing sophistication and scope of the field. We present a comprehensive overview that summarizes this trajectory in five stages: 1) Static-based approaches, 2) Dynamic temporal modeling, 3) Generalization-oriented learning, 4) Explainable temporal reasoning, 5) LLM-augmented TKGC.
- Survey-on-TKGC
- A Survey on Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion: Taxonomy, Progress, and Prospects (Arxiv, 2023) [paper]
- Unifying large language models and knowledge graphs: A roadmap (TKDE 2024) [paper]
- A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodal (Arxiv, 2022) [paper]
- Towards Time-Aware Knowledge Graph Completion (COLING 2016) [paper] [code]
- HyTE: Hyperplane-based Temporally aware Knowledge Graph Embedding (EMNLP 2018) [paper] [code]
- TKGFrame: A Two-Phase Framework for Temporal-Aware Knowledge Graph Completion (APWeb-WAIM 2020) [paper]
- Tensor decomposition-based temporal knowledge graph embedding (ICTAI 2020) [paper]
- Specific Time Embedding for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (ICCI* CC 2020) [paper]
- Tucker decomposition-based temporal knowledge graph completion (KBS 2022) [paper]
- TBDRI: block decomposition based on relational interaction for temporal knowledge graph completion (APIN 2023) [paper]
- Temporal knowledge graph embedding via sparse transfer matrix (IS 2023) [paper] [code]
-
Towards Temporal Knowledge Graph Embeddings with Arbitrary Time Precision (CIKM 2020) [paper] [code]
-
STKE: Temporal Knowledge GraphEmbedding in the Spherical Coordinate System (ICAIS 2022) [paper]
-
DyERNIE: Dynamic Evolution of Riemannian Manifold Embeddings for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (EMNLP 2020) [paper] [code]
-
Temporal knowledge graph completion based on time series Gaussian embedding (ISWC 2020) [paper] [code] TComplEX[70]2:Tensor decompositions for temporal knowledge base completion
-
TeRo: A Time-aware Knowledge Graph Embedding via Temporal Rotation (COLING 2020) [paper]
-
Tensor decompositions for temporal knowledge base completion (ICLR 2020) [paper] [code]
-
A Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion Method Based on Balanced Timestamp Distribution (Arxiv 2021) [paper]
-
Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion using a Linear Temporal Regularizer and Multivector Embeddings (NAACL 2021) [paper] [code]
-
ChronoR: Rotation Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding (AAAI 2021) [paper]
-
Hyperbolic Temporal Knowledge Graph Embeddings with Relational and Time Curvatures (ACL 2021) [paper] [code]
-
TRHyTE: Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding Based on Temporal-Relational Hyperplanes (DASFAA 2022) [paper]
-
Dynamic Embedding Graph Attention Networks for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (ICKSEM 2022) [paper]
-
Hyperplane-based time-aware knowledge graph embedding for temporal knowledge graph completion (JIFS 2022) [paper]
-
Temporal knowledge graph completion using box embeddings (AAAI 2022) [paper] [code]
-
Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion with Approximated Gaussian Process Embedding (ICCL 2022) [paper]
-
Improving temporal knowledge graph embedding using tensor factorization (APIN 2023) [paper]
-
RotateQVS: Representing Temporal Information as Rotations in Quaternion Vector Space for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (ACL 2022) [paper]
-
Wasserstein Adversarial Learning based TemporalKnowledge Graph Embedding (Arxiv 2022) [paper]
-
Each Snapshot to Each Space: Space Adaptation for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (ISWC 2022) [paper] [code]
-
Hierarchy-Aware Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding (ICKG 2022) [paper]
-
Leveraging Static Models for Link Prediction in Temporal Knowledge Graphs (ICTAI 2021) [paper] [code]
-
Dihedron Algebraic Embeddings for Spatio-Temporal Knowledge GraphCompletion (ESWC 2022) [paper] [code]
-
Householder Transformation-Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (Electronics 2023) [paper]
-
BiQCap: A Biquaternion and Capsule Network-Based Embedding Model for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (DASFAA 2023) [paper]
-
Geometric Algebra based Embeddings for Static and Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (TKDE 2022) [paper]
-
QDN: A Quadruplet Distributor Network for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (TNNLS 2023) [paper] [code]
-
IME: Integrating Multi-curvature Shared and Specific Embedding for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (WWW 2024) [paper]
-
HGE: embedding temporal knowledge graphs in a product space of heterogeneous geometric subspaces (AAAI 2024) [paper] [code]
-
MADE: Multicurvature Adaptive Embedding for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (TCYB 2024) [paper]
-
ConvTKG: A query-aware convolutional neural network-based embedding model for temporal knowledge graph completion (Neurocomputing 2024) [paper]
-
Know-evolve: Deep temporal reasoning for dynamic knowledge graphs (PMLR 2017) [paper]
-
Timespan-Aware Dynamic Knowledge Graph Embedding by Incorporating Temporal Evolution (IEEE Access 2020) [paper] [code]
-
RTFE: A Recursive Temporal Fact Embedding Framework for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (NAACL 2021) [paper]
-
Dynamic Knowledge Graph based Multi-Event Forecasting (KDD 2020) [paper] [code]
-
TeMP: Temporal Message Passing for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (EMNLP 2020) [paper] [code]
-
Explainable subgraph reasoning for forecasting on temporal knowledge graphs (ICLR 2021) [paper] [code]
-
Learning to walk across time for interpretable temporal knowledge graph completion (KDD 2021) [paper]
-
Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning Based on Evolutional Representation Learning (SIGIR 2021) [paper] [code]
-
DACHA: A Dual Graph Convolution Based Temporal Knowledge Graph Representation Learning Method Using Historical Relation (TKDD 2021) [paper]
-
Learning Neural Ordinary Equations for Forecasting Future Links on Temporal Knowledge Graphs (EMNLP 2021) [paper][code]
-
Learning from History: Modeling Temporal Knowledge Graphs with Sequential Copy-Generation Networks (AAAI 2021) [paper] [code]
-
Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Historical Contrastive Learning (AAAI 2023) [paper] [code]
-
EvoKG: Jointly Modeling Event Time and Network Structure for Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (WSDM 2022) [paper] [code]
-
HiSMatch: Historical Structure Matching based Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (EMNLP 2022) [paper] [code]
-
Search to Pass Messages for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (EMNLP 2022) [paper]
-
CRNet: Modeling Concurrent Events over Temporal Knowledge Graph (ISWC 2022) [paper] [code]
-
An effective Time-Aware Encoder for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (MLNLI 2022) [paper]
-
Temporal knowledge graph representation learning with local and global evolutions (KBS 2022) [paper] [code]
-
TiRGN: Time-Guided Recurrent Graph Network with Local-Global Historical Patterns for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (IJCAI 2022) [paper] [code]
-
DA-Net: Distributed Attention Network for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (CIKM 2022) [paper]
-
Modeling Precursors for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning via Auto-encoder Structure (IJCAI 2022) [paper]
-
Learning Long- and Short-term Representations for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (WWW 2023) [paper] IndiQ[127]1:Temporal knowledge graph link predictions with query-guided temporal representation learning
-
Mutually-paced Knowledge Distillation for Cross-lingual Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (WWW 2023) [paper]
-
A Simple But Powerful Graph Encoder for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (Arxiv 2021) [paper] [code]
-
Hierarchical Self-Attention Embedding for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (WWW 2023) [paper]
-
Embedding Uncertain Temporal Knowledge Graphs (Mathematics 2023) [paper]
-
Transformer-based reasoning for learning evolutionary chain of events on temporal knowledge graph (SIGIR 2024) [paper]
-
HTCCN: Temporal Causal Convolutional Networks with Hawkes Process for Extrapolation Reasoning in Temporal Knowledge Graphs (NAACL 2024) [paper]
-
Recurrent Convolutional Fact Graph Neural Networks for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (ADMIT 2024) [paper]
-
An embedding model for temporal knowledge graphs with long and irregular intervals (KBS 2024) [paper]
-
T3DM: Test-Time Training-Guided Distribution Shift Modelling for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning [paper]
-
Hawkes based Representation Learning for Reasoning over Scale-free Community-structured Temporal Knowledge Graphs (COLING 2025) [paper]
-
Disentangled multi-span evolutionary network against temporal knowledge graph reasoning (Findings 2025) [paper]
- A Novel Time Constraint-Based Approach for Knowledge Graph Conflict Resolution (AS 2019) [paper]
- TempCaps: A Capsule Network-based Embedding Model for Temporal Knowledge GraphCompletion (SPNLP 2022) [paper] [code]
- RoAN: A relation-oriented attention network for temporal knowledge graph completion (EAAI 2023) [paper] [code]
- Temporal-structural importance weighted graph convolutional network for temporal knowledge graph completion (FGCS 2023) [paper]
- MetaTKG: Learning Evolutionary Meta-Knowledge for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (EMNLP 2022) [paper]
- Learning to sample and aggregate: Few-shot reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (Neurips 2022) [paper]
- One-shot Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graphs (AKBC 2021) [paper]
- FTMF: Few-shot temporal knowledge graph completion based on meta-optimization and fault-tolerant mechanism (WWW 2023) [paper]
- Learning Meta Representations of One-shot Relations for Temporal Knowledge GraphLink Prediction (IJCNN 2023) [paper]
- Few-shot link prediction for temporal knowledge Graphs based on time-aware translation and attention mechanism (Neural Networks 2023) [paper]
- TimeTraveler: Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting (EMNLP 2021) [paper]
- An Adaptive Logical Rule Embedding Model for Inductive Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (EMNLP 2022) [paper] [code]
- Incorporating structured sentences with time-enhanced bert for fully-inductive temporal relation prediction (SIGIR 2023) [paper]
- Improving Few-Shot Inductive Learning on Temporal Knowledge Graphsusing Confidence-Augmented Reinforcement Learning (PKDD 2023) [paper]
- Temporal inductive path neural network for temporal knowledge graph reasoning (Artificial Intelligence 2024) [paper] [code]
-
An Adaptive Logical Rule Embedding Model for Inductive Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (EMNLP 2022) [paper] [code]
-
TLogic: Temporal Logical Rules for Explainable Link Forecasting on Temporal Knowledge Graphs (AAAI 2022) [paper] [code]
-
TILP: Differentiable Learning of Temporal Logical Rules on Knowledge Graphs (ICLR 2023) [paper] [code]
-
Multi-hop temporal knowledge graph reasoning with temporal path rules guidance (Expert Systems with Applications 2023) [paper]
-
NeuSTIP: A Neuro-Symbolic Model for Link and Time Prediction in Temporal Knowledge Graphs (EMNLP 2023) [paper] [code]
-
Temporal knowledge graphs reasoning with iterative guidance by temporal logical rules (Information Sciences 2023) [paper]
-
TFLEX: Temporal feature-logic embedding framework for complex reasoning over temporal knowledge graph (NeurIPS 2023) [paper] [code]
-
TEILP: Time Prediction over Knowledge Graphs via Logical Reasoning (AAAI 2024) [paper] [code]
-
Relation Logical Reasoning and Relation-aware Entity Encoding for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (COLING 2025) [paper]
- Temporal Link Prediction Via Reinforcement Learning (ICASSP 2021) [paper]
- Multi-hop reasoning over paths in temporal knowledge graphs using reinforcement learning (Applied Soft Computing 2021) [paper]
- TimeTraveler: Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting (EMNLP 2021) [paper]
- Search from History and Reason for Future: Two-stage Reasoning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs (ACL 2021) [paper]
- DREAM: Adaptive Reinforcement Learning based on Attention Mechanism for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (SIGIR 2023) [paper]
- RLAT: Multi-hop Temporal knowledge Graph Reasoning based on Reinforcement Learning and Attention Mechanism (KBS 2023) [paper]
-
Pre-trained language model with prompts for temporal knowledge graph completion (Findings 2023) [paper] [code]
-
Temporal knowledge graph forecasting without knowledge using in-context learning (EMNLP 2023) [paper] [code]
-
Temporal knowledge graph extrapolation with subgraph information bottleneck (Expert Systems with Applications 2025) [paper]
-
Enhancing Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting with Large Language Models via Chain-of-History Reasoning [paper]
-
zrLLM: Zero-Shot Relational Learning on Temporal Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models (NAACL 2024) [paper] [code]
-
Large language models-guided dynamic adaptation for temporal knowledge graph reasoning (NeurIPS 2024) [paper] [code]
-
AnRe: Analogical Replay for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting (ACL 2025) [paper]
-
Diachronic semantic encoding based on pre-trained language model for temporal knowledge graph reasoning (Knowledge-Based Systems 2025) [paper]
-
Explainable reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs by pre-trained language model (Information Processing & Management 2025) [paper]
-
Large Language Model with Iteratively Prompt for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (Neurocomputing 2025) [paper]
-
Temporal knowledge graph extrapolation with subgraph information bottleneck (Expert Systems with Applications 2025) [paper]
-
Temp-EASE: Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Evolution Awareness and Semantic Enhancement (PAKDD 2025) [paper]
-
Leveraging Temporal Validity of Rules via LLMs for Enhanced Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (Knowledge-Based Systems 2025) [paper]
-
LLM-DR: A Novel LLM-Aided Diffusion Model for Rule Generation on Temporal Knowledge Graphs (AAAI 25) [paper]
-
Historical facts learning from Long-Short Terms with Language Model for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (Information Processing & Management 2025) [paper]
- Back to the future: Towards explainable temporal reasoning with large language models (WWW 2024) [paper]
- Deja vu: Contrastive Historical Modeling with Prefix-tuning for Temporal Knowledge Graph Reasoning (Findings 2024) [paper] [code]
- GenTKG: Generative Forecasting on Temporal Knowledge Graph with Large Language Models (Findings 2024) [paper] [code]
- G2S: A General-to-Specific Learning Framework for Temporal Knowledge Graph Forecasting with Large Language Models (Findings 2025) [paper]
- Event-QA: A dataset for event-centric question answering over knowledge graphs (CIKM 2020) [paper]
- TwiRGCN: Temporally WeightedGraphConvolution for Question Answering over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (Arxiv 2022) [paper]
- Forecasting Question Answering over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (AAAI 2022) [paper]
- Improving Time Sensitivity for Question Answering over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (ACL 2022) [paper]
- TempoQR: Temporal Question Reasoning over Knowledge Graphs (AAAI 2022) [paper]
- An improving reasoning network for complex question answering over temporal knowledge graphs (APIN 2023) [paper]
- TKGQA Dataset: Using Question Answering to Guide and Validate the Evolution of Temporal Knowledge Graph (Data 2023) [paper]
- Learning entity and relation embeddings for knowledge graph completion (AAAI 2015) [paper]
- Research of medical aided diagnosis system based on temporal knowledge graph (ICADMA 2020) [paper]
- A temporal semantic search system for traditional Chinese medicine based on temporal knowledge graphs (JIST 2019) [paper]
- Spatio-Temporal Knowledge Graph for Meteorological Risk Analysis (ICSQRSC 2021) [paper]
- Urban multi-source spatio-temporal data analysis aware knowledge graph embedding (Symmetry 2020) [paper]
- HC-LLM: Historical-constrained large language models for radiology report generation (AAAI 2025) [paper]
- Travel Attractions Recommendation with Travel Spatial-Temporal Knowledge Graphs (ICPCSEE 2018) [paper]
- Temporal Knowledge Graph Incremental Construction Model for Recommendation (Web and Big Data 2020) [paper]
- Building and exploiting spatial–temporal knowledge graph for next POI recommendation (KBS 2022) [paper]
- Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding for Effective Service Recommendation (TSC 2022) [paper]
- NR4DER: Neural re-ranking for diversified exercise recommendation (SIGIR 2025) [paper]
- GraphRAG-Induced Dual Knowledge Structure Graphs for Personalized Learning Path Recommendation [paper]