Dependency Injector is a dependency injection framework for Python.
It helps implementing the dependency injection principle.
Key features of the Dependency Injector:
- Providers. Provides
Factory,Singleton,Callable,Coroutine,Object,List,Dict,Configuration,Resource,DependencyandSelectorproviders that help assembling your objects. See Providers. - Overriding. Can override any provider by another provider on the fly. This helps in testing and configuring dev / stage environment to replace API clients with stubs etc. See Provider overriding.
- Configuration. Reads configuration from
yaml&inifiles,pydanticsettings, environment variables, and dictionaries. See Configuration provider. - Containers. Provides declarative and dynamic containers. See Containers.
- Resources. Helps with initialization and configuring of logging, event loop, thread or process pool, etc. Can be used for per-function execution scope in tandem with wiring. See Resource provider.
- Wiring. Injects dependencies into functions and methods. Helps integrating with other frameworks: Django, Flask, Aiohttp, Sanic, FastAPI, etc. See Wiring.
- Asynchronous. Supports asynchronous injections. See Asynchronous injections.
- Typing. Provides typing stubs,
mypy-friendly. See Typing and mypy. - Performance. Fast. Written in
Cython. - Maturity. Mature and production-ready. Well-tested, documented and supported.
from dependency_injector import containers, providers
from dependency_injector.wiring import inject, Provide
class Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):
config = providers.Configuration()
api_client = providers.Singleton(
ApiClient,
api_key=config.api_key,
timeout=config.timeout.as_int(),
)
service = providers.Factory(
Service,
api_client=api_client,
)
@inject
def main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]):
...
if __name__ == '__main__':
container = Container()
container.config.api_key.from_env('API_KEY')
container.config.timeout.from_env('TIMEOUT')
container.wire(modules=[sys.modules[__name__]])
main() # <-- dependency is injected automatically
with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):
main() # <-- overridden dependency is injected automaticallyWhen you call main() function the Service dependency is assembled and injected automatically.
When doing a testing you call the container.api_client.override() to replace the real API
client with a mock. When you call main() the mock is injected.
You can override any provider with another provider.
It also helps you in configuring project for the different environments: replace an API client with a stub on the dev or stage.
With the Dependency Injector objects assembling is consolidated in the container.
Dependency injections are defined explicitly.
This makes easier to understand and change how application works.
Visit the docs to know more about the Dependency injection and inversion of control in Python.
The package is available on the PyPi:
pip install dependency-injector
The documentation is available here.
Choose one of the following:
- Application example (single container)
- Application example (multiple containers)
- Decoupled packages example (multiple containers)
- Boto3 example
- Django example
- Flask example
- Aiohttp example
- Sanic example
- FastAPI example
- FastAPI + Redis example
- FastAPI + SQLAlchemy example
Choose one of the following:
- Flask web application tutorial
- Aiohttp REST API tutorial
- Asyncio monitoring daemon tutorial
- CLI application tutorial
The framework stands on the PEP20 (The Zen of Python) principle:
Explicit is better than implicitYou need to specify how to assemble and where to inject the dependencies explicitly.
The power of the framework is in a simplicity.
Dependency Injector is a simple tool for the powerful concept.
- What is the dependency injection?
- dependency injection is a principle that decreases coupling and increases cohesion
- Why should I do the dependency injection?
- your code becomes more flexible, testable and clear 😎
- How do I start doing the dependency injection?
- you start writing the code following the dependency injection principle
- you register all of your application components and their dependencies in the container
- when you need a component, you specify where to inject it or get it from the container
- What price do I pay and what do I get?
- you need to explicitly specify the dependencies
- it will be extra work in the beginning
- it will payoff as the project grows
- Have a question?
- Open a Github Issue
- Found a bug?
- Open a Github Issue
- Want to help?
- ⭐️ Star the
Dependency Injectoron the Github - 🆕 Start a new project with the
Dependency Injector - 💬 Tell your friend about the
Dependency Injector
- ⭐️ Star the
- Want to contribute?
- 🔀 Fork the project
- ⬅️ Open a pull request to the
developbranch