Minitron

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Introduction

Minitron is a family of small language models (SLMs) obtained by pruning NVIDIA's Nemotron-4 15B model. We prune model embedding size, attention heads, and MLP intermediate dimension, following which, we perform continued training with distillation to arrive at the final models.

Deriving the Minitron 8B and 4B models from the base 15B model using our approach requires up to 40x fewer training tokens per model compared to training from scratch; this results in compute cost savings of 1.8x for training the full model family (15B, 8B, and 4B). Minitron models exhibit up to a 16% improvement in MMLU scores compared to training from scratch, perform comparably to other community models such as Mistral 7B, Gemma 7B and Llama-3 8B, and outperform state-of-the-art compression techniques from the literature. Please refer to our arXiv paper for more details.

Minitron models are for research and development only.

Minitron Model Performance

Minitron accuracy (MMLU) vs. other baseline models. Compression results in significant reduction of training costs for additional models(40x) while producing better results. Please refer to our paper for the full set of results.

Model Card

Please see MODEL_CARD.md.

Quickstart

Hugging Face

The PR to support our models in Hugging Face in under review and expected to be merged soon. In the meantime, this branch at commit ID 63d9cb0 can be used for Minitron models:

git clone git@github.com:suiyoubi/transformers.git
cd transformers
git checkout 63d9cb0
pip install .

The following code provides an example of how to load the Minitron-8B model and use it to perform text generation.

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM

# Load the tokenizer and model
model_path = "nvidia/Minitron-8B-Base"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)

device='cuda'
dtype=torch.bfloat16
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path, torch_dtype=dtype, device_map=device)

# Prepare the input text
prompt = "To be or not to be,"
input_ids = tokenizer.encode(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

# Generate the output
output_ids = model.generate(input_ids, max_length=50, num_return_sequences=1)

# Decode and print the output
output_text = tokenizer.decode(output_ids[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
print(output_text)

TRT-LLM

The following steps provide an example of how to load the Minitron-8B model in the .nemo checkpoint format. You can download the corresponding .nemo checkpoints here: Minitron-8B-Base and Minitron-4B-Base.

1. Export TensorRT-LLM checkpoint.

   First launch the NeMo container nvcr.io/nvidia/nemo:24.05 with the .nemo model checkpoint and TensorRT-Model-Optimizer folder mounted:

   git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-Model-Optimizer.git
   docker run --gpus all --ipc=host --ulimit memlock=-1 --ulimit stack=67108864 --init -it -v <TensorRT-Model-Optimizer_directory>:/workspace/TensorRT-Model-Optimizer -v <minitron_model_directory>:/workspace/minitron --rm nvcr.io/nvidia/nemo:24.05 bash
   

   Inside the container, run the following commands to export the TensorRT-LLM checkpoint:

   export GPT_MODEL_FILE=<minitron_nemo_file_directory>
   pip install "nvidia-modelopt[torch]" -U
   cd TensorRT-Model-Optimizer/llm_ptq/
   scripts/nemo_example.sh --type gptnext --model $GPT_MODEL_FILE --quant bf16 --tp 1 --task "build"
   

   You will see something like:

   Model config exported to: <TensorRT-LLM_checkpoint_directory>. Total time used ** s.
   

   which means the TensorRT-LLM checkpoint has been exported successfully.

2. Export TensorRT engine.

   Use docker to build and run TensorRT-LLM following these instructions:

   # TensorRT-LLM uses git-lfs, which needs to be installed in advance.
   apt-get update && apt-get -y install git git-lfs
   git lfs install
   
   git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT-LLM.git
   cd TensorRT-LLM
   git submodule update --init --recursive
   git lfs pull
   make -C docker release_build
   

   Now copy the exported TensorRT-LLM checkpoint to directory of TensorRT-LLM and launch the docker container:

   cp -r <TensorRT-LLM_checkpoint_directory> <TensorRT-LLM_directory>
   cd <TensorRT-LLM_directory>
   make -C docker release_run
   

   Inside the docker container, build TensorRT engine:

   trtllm-build --checkpoint_dir /code/tensorrt_llm/<TensorRT-LLM_directory> --gpt_attention_plugin bfloat16 --gemm_plugin bfloat16 --output_dir <trt_engine_directory>
   

   Run inference with the built TensorRT engine to summarize articles from the cnn_dailymail dataset:

   python3 example/summarize.py --test_trt_llm --no_add_special_tokens --engine_dir <trt_engine_directory> --vocab_file <TensorRT-LLM_checkpoint_directory>/tokenizer.model
   

Fine-tuning with LMFlow

LMFlow is a complete pipeline for fine-tuning large language models. The following steps provide an example of how to fine-tune the Minitron-8B-Base models using LMFlow with the alpaca dataset.

1. Install LMFlow

   git clone https://github.com/OptimalScale/LMFlow.git
   cd LMFlow
   bash install.sh
   

2. Prepare the dataset

   Download the alpaca dataset and preprocess it using the following command.

   cd data && ./download.sh alpaca && cd -

3. Fine-tune the model

   Fine-tune the Minitron-8B model on the Wikitext-103 dataset using the following command.

   bash ./scripts/run_finetune.sh \
     --model_name_or_path nvidia/Minitron-8B-Base \
     --dataset_path data/alpaca/train_conversation \
     --output_model_path output_models/finetuned_minitron

With LMFlow, you can also fine-tune the model on your custom dataset. The only thing you need to do is transform your dataset into the LMFlow data format. In addition to full-finetuniing, you can also fine-tune minitron efficiently with LoRA, LISA, Flash Attention, and other acceleration techniques.

License

Minitron is released under the NVIDIA Open Model License Agreement.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Ameya Sunil Mahabaleshwarkar, Hayley Ross, Brandon Rowlett, Oluwatobi Olabiyi, Ao Tang, and Yoshi Suhara for help with producing the instruction-tuned versions of MINITRON; additionally, James Shen for TRT-LLM support, and Sanjeev Satheesh, Oleksii Kuchaiev, Shengyang Sun, Jiaqi Zeng, Zhilin Wang, Yi Dong, Zihan Liu, Rajarshi Roy, Wei Ping, and Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar for help with datasets; Ao Tang for HF support. We’d also like to gratefully acknowledge the insightful discussion and feedback from Chenhan Yu and Daniel Korzekwa.

Citation

If you find our work helpful, please consider citing our paper:

@article{minitron2024,
      title={Compact Language Models via Pruning and Knowledge Distillation}, 
      author={Saurav Muralidharan and Sharath Turuvekere Sreenivas and Raviraj Joshi and Marcin Chochowski and Mostofa Patwary and Mohammad Shoeybi and Bryan Catanzaro and Jan Kautz and Pavlo Molchanov},
      journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.14679},
      year={2024},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.14679}, 
}