ghw - Golang HardWare discovery/inspection library

ghw is a small Golang library providing hardware inspection and discovery for Linux and Windows. There currently exists partial support for MacOSX.

Design Principles

• No root privileges needed for discovery

  ghw goes the extra mile to be useful without root priveleges. We query for host hardware information as directly as possible without relying on shellouts to programs like dmidecode that require root privileges to execute.

  Elevated privileges are indeed required to query for some information, but ghw will never error out if blocked from reading that information. Instead, ghw will print a warning message about the information that could not be retrieved. You may disable these warning messages with GHW_DISABLE_WARNINGS environment variable.

• Well-documented code and plenty of example code

  The code itself should be well-documented with lots of usage examples.

• Interfaces should be consistent across modules

  Each module in the library should be structured in a consistent fashion, and the structs returned by various library functions should have consistent attribute and method names.

Inspecting != Monitoring

ghw is a tool for gathering information about your hardware's capacity and capabilities.

It is important to point out that ghw does NOT report information that is temporary or variable. It is NOT a system monitor nor is it an appropriate tool for gathering data points for metrics that change over time. If you are looking for a system that tracks usage of CPU, memory, network I/O or disk I/O, there are plenty of great open source tools that do this! Check out the Prometheus project for a great example.

Usage

You can use the functions in ghw to determine various hardware-related information about the host computer:

• Memory
• CPU
• Block storage
• Topology
• Network
• PCI
• GPU
• Chassis
• BIOS
• Baseboard
• Product
• YAML and JSON serialization

Overriding the root mountpoint ghw uses

The default root mountpoint that ghw uses when looking for information about the host system is /. So, for example, when looking up CPU information on a Linux system, ghw.CPU() will use the path /proc/cpuinfo.

If you are calling ghw from a system that has an alternate root mountpoint, you can either set the GHW_CHROOT environment variable to that alternate path, or call the module constructor function with the ghw.WithChroot() modifier.

For example, if you are executing from within an application container that has bind-mounted the root host filesystem to the mount point /host, you would set GHW_CHROOT to /host so that ghw can find /proc/cpuinfo at /host/proc/cpuinfo.

Alternately, you can use the ghw.WithChroot() function like so:

cpu, err := ghw.CPU(ghw.WithChroot("/host"))

Overriding the per-mountpoint ghw uses

When running inside containers, it could be a bit cumbersome to just override the root mountpoint. Inside containers, when granting access to the host file systems, is more common to bind-mount them in non standard location, like /sys on /host-sys or /proc on /host-proc. Is rarer to mount them in a common subtree (e.g. /sys on /host/sys and /proc on /host/proc...)

To better cover this use case, ghw allows to programmatically override the initial component of filesystems subtrees, allowing to access sysfs (or procfs or...) mounted on non-standard locations.

cpu, err := ghw.CPU(ghw.WithPathOverrides(ghw.PathOverrides{
	"/proc": "/host-proc",
	"/sys": "/host-sys",
}))

Please note

• this feature works in addition and is composable with the WithChroot/GHW_CHROOT feature.
• ghw doesn't support yet environs variable to override individual mountpoints, because this could lead to significant environs variables proliferation.

Consuming snapshots

You can make ghw read from snapshots (created with ghw-snapshot) using environment variables or programmatically. Please check SNAPSHOT.md to learn more about how ghw creates and consumes snapshots.

The environment variable GHW_SNAPSHOT_PATH let users specify a snapshot that ghw will automatically consume. All the needed chroot changes will be automatically performed. By default, the snapshot is unpacked on a temporary directory managed by ghw, and cleaned up when no longer needed, avoiding leftovers.

The rest of the environment variables are relevant iff GHW_SNAPSHOT_PATH is given. GHW_SNAPSHOT_ROOT let users specify the directory on which the snapshot should be unpacked. This moves the ownership of that directory from ghw to users. For this reason, ghw will not clean up automatically the content unpacked in GHW_SNAPSHOT_ROOT.

GHW_SNAPSHOT_EXCLUSIVE is relevant iff GHW_SNAPSHOT_ROOT is given. Set it to any value to toggle it on. This tells ghw that the directory is meant only to contain the given snapshot, thus ghw will not attempt to unpack it (and will go ahead silently!) unless the directory is empty. You can use both GHW_SNAPSHOT_ROOT and GHW_SNAPSHOT_EXCLUSIVE to make sure ghw unpacks the snapshot only once regardless of how many ghw packages (e.g. cpu, memory) access it.

Set GHW_SNAPSHOT_PRESERVE to any value to enable it. If set, ghw will not clean up the unpacked snapshot once done, leaving it into the system.

cpu, err := ghw.CPU(ghw.WithSnapshot(ghw.SnapshotOptions{
	Path: "/path/to/linux-amd64-d4771ed3300339bc75f856be09fc6430.tar.gz",
}))


myRoot := "/my/safe/directory"
cpu, err := ghw.CPU(ghw.WithSnapshot(ghw.SnapshotOptions{
	Path: "/path/to/linux-amd64-d4771ed3300339bc75f856be09fc6430.tar.gz",
	Root: &myRoot,
}))

myOtherRoot := "/my/other/safe/directory"
cpu, err := ghw.CPU(ghw.WithSnapshot(ghw.SnapshotOptions{
	Path:      "/path/to/linux-amd64-d4771ed3300339bc75f856be09fc6430.tar.gz",
	Root:      &myOtherRoot,
	Exclusive: true,
}))

Creating snapshots

You can create ghw snapshots in two ways. You can just consume the ghw-snapshot tool, or you can create them programmatically from your golang code. We explore now the latter case.

Snapshotting takes two phases:

1. clone the relevant pseudofiles/pseudodirectories into a temporary tree This tree is usually deleted once the packing is successful.
2. pack the cloned tree into a tar.gz

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"os"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw/pkg/snapshot"
)

// ...

scratchDir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "ghw-snapshot-*")
if err != nil {
	fmt.Printf("Error creating clone directory: %v", err)
}
defer os.RemoveAll(scratchDir)

// this step clones all the files and directories ghw cares about
if err := snapshot.CloneTreeInto(scratchDir); err != nil {
	fmt.Printf("error cloning into %q: %v", scratchDir, err)
}

// optionally, you may add extra content into your snapshot.
// ghw will ignore the extra content.
// Glob patterns like `filepath.Glob` are supported.
fileSpecs := []string{
	"/proc/cmdline",
}

// options allows the client code to optionally deference symlinks, or copy
// them into the cloned tree as symlinks
var opts *snapshot.CopyFileOptions
if err := snapshot.CopyFilesInto(fileSpecs, scratchDir, opts); err != nil {
	fmt.Printf("error cloning extra files into %q: %v", scratchDir, err)
}

// automates the creation of the gzipped tarball out of the given tree.
if err := snapshot.PackFrom("my-snapshot.tgz", scratchDir); err != nil {
	fmt.Printf("error packing %q into %q: %v", scratchDir, *output, err)
}

Disabling warning messages

When ghw isn't able to retrieve some information, it may print certain warning messages to stderr. To disable these warnings, simply set the GHW_DISABLE_WARNINGS environs variable:

$ ghwc memory
WARNING:
Could not determine total physical bytes of memory. This may
be due to the host being a virtual machine or container with no
/var/log/syslog file, or the current user may not have necessary
privileges to read the syslog. We are falling back to setting the
total physical amount of memory to the total usable amount of memory
memory (24GB physical, 24GB usable)

$ GHW_DISABLE_WARNINGS=1 ghwc memory
memory (24GB physical, 24GB usable)

You can disable warning programmatically using the WithDisableWarnings option:

import (
	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

mem, err := ghw.Memory(ghw.WithDisableWarnings())

WithDisableWarnings is a alias for the WithNullAlerter option, which in turn leverages the more general Alerter feature of ghw.

You may supply a Alerter to ghw to redirect all the warnings there, like logger objects (see for example golang's stdlib log.Logger). Alerter is in fact the minimal logging interface ghw needs. To learn more, please check the option.Alerterinterface and theghw.WithAlerter()` function.

Memory

The basic building block of the memory support in ghw is the ghw.MemoryArea struct. A "memory area" is a block of memory which share common properties. In the simplest case, the whole system memory fits in a single memory area; in more complex scenarios, like multi-NUMA systems, many memory areas may be present in the system (e.g. one for each NUMA cell).

The ghw.MemoryArea struct contains the following fields:

• ghw.MemoryInfo.TotalPhysicalBytes contains the amount of physical memory on the host
• ghw.MemoryInfo.TotalUsableBytes contains the amount of memory the system can actually use. Usable memory accounts for things like the kernel's resident memory size and some reserved system bits

Information about the host computer's memory can be retrieved using the ghw.Memory() function which returns a pointer to a ghw.MemoryInfo struct. ghw.MemoryInfo is a superset of ghw.MemoryArea. Thus, it contains all the fields found in the ghw.MemoryArea (replicated for clarity) plus some:

• ghw.MemoryInfo.TotalPhysicalBytes contains the amount of physical memory on the host
• ghw.MemoryInfo.TotalUsableBytes contains the amount of memory the system can actually use. Usable memory accounts for things like the kernel's resident memory size and some reserved system bits
• ghw.MemoryInfo.SupportedPageSizes is an array of integers representing the size, in bytes, of memory pages the system supports
• ghw.MemoryInfo.Modules is an array of pointers to ghw.MemoryModule structs, one for each physical DIMM. Currently, this information is only included on Windows, with Linux support planned.

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	memory, err := ghw.Memory()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting memory info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Println(memory.String())
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

memory (24GB physical, 24GB usable)

Physical versus Usable Memory

There has been some confusion regarding the difference between the total physical bytes versus total usable bytes of memory.

Some of this confusion has been due to a misunderstanding of the term "usable". As mentioned above, ghw does inspection of the system's capacity.

A host computer has two capacities when it comes to RAM. The first capacity is the amount of RAM that is contained in all memory banks (DIMMs) that are attached to the motherboard. ghw.MemoryInfo.TotalPhysicalBytes refers to this first capacity.

There is a (usually small) amount of RAM that is consumed by the bootloader before the operating system is started (booted). Once the bootloader has booted the operating system, the amount of RAM that may be used by the operating system and its applications is fixed. ghw.MemoryInfo.TotalUsableBytes refers to this second capacity.

You can determine the amount of RAM that the bootloader used (that is not made available to the operating system) by subtracting ghw.MemoryInfo.TotalUsableBytes from ghw.MemoryInfo.TotalPhysicalBytes:

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	memory, err := ghw.Memory()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting memory info: %v", err)
	}

        phys := memory.TotalPhysicalBytes
        usable := memory.TotalUsableBytes

	fmt.Printf("The bootloader consumes %d bytes of RAM\n", phys - usable)
}

Example output from my personal workstation booted into a Windows10 operating system with a Linux GRUB bootloader:

The bootloader consumes 3832720 bytes of RAM

CPU

The ghw.CPU() function returns a ghw.CPUInfo struct that contains information about the CPUs on the host system.

ghw.CPUInfo contains the following fields:

• ghw.CPUInfo.TotalCores has the total number of physical cores the host system contains
• ghw.CPUInfo.TotalThreads has the total number of hardware threads the host system contains
• ghw.CPUInfo.Processors is an array of ghw.Processor structs, one for each physical processor package contained in the host

Each ghw.Processor struct contains a number of fields:

• ghw.Processor.ID is the physical processor uint32 ID according to the system
• ghw.Processor.NumCores is the number of physical cores in the processor package
• ghw.Processor.NumThreads is the number of hardware threads in the processor package
• ghw.Processor.Vendor is a string containing the vendor name
• ghw.Processor.Model is a string containing the vendor's model name
• ghw.Processor.Capabilities is an array of strings indicating the features the processor has enabled
• ghw.Processor.Cores is an array of ghw.ProcessorCore structs that are packed onto this physical processor

A ghw.ProcessorCore has the following fields:

• ghw.ProcessorCore.ID is the uint32 identifier that the host gave this core. Note that this does not necessarily equate to a zero-based index of the core within a physical package. For example, the core IDs for an Intel Core i7 are 0, 1, 2, 8, 9, and 10
• ghw.ProcessorCore.Index is the zero-based index of the core on the physical processor package
• ghw.ProcessorCore.NumThreads is the number of hardware threads associated with the core
• ghw.ProcessorCore.LogicalProcessors is an array of logical processor IDs assigned to any processing unit for the core

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"strings"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	cpu, err := ghw.CPU()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting CPU info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", cpu)

	for _, proc := range cpu.Processors {
		fmt.Printf(" %v\n", proc)
		for _, core := range proc.Cores {
			fmt.Printf("  %v\n", core)
		}
		if len(proc.Capabilities) > 0 {
			// pretty-print the (large) block of capability strings into rows
			// of 6 capability strings
			rows := int(math.Ceil(float64(len(proc.Capabilities)) / float64(6)))
			for row := 1; row < rows; row = row + 1 {
				rowStart := (row * 6) - 1
				rowEnd := int(math.Min(float64(rowStart+6), float64(len(proc.Capabilities))))
				rowElems := proc.Capabilities[rowStart:rowEnd]
				capStr := strings.Join(rowElems, " ")
				if row == 1 {
					fmt.Printf("  capabilities: [%s\n", capStr)
				} else if rowEnd < len(proc.Capabilities) {
					fmt.Printf("                 %s\n", capStr)
				} else {
					fmt.Printf("                 %s]\n", capStr)
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

cpu (1 physical package, 6 cores, 12 hardware threads)
 physical package #0 (6 cores, 12 hardware threads)
  processor core #0 (2 threads), logical processors [0 6]
  processor core #1 (2 threads), logical processors [1 7]
  processor core #2 (2 threads), logical processors [2 8]
  processor core #3 (2 threads), logical processors [3 9]
  processor core #4 (2 threads), logical processors [4 10]
  processor core #5 (2 threads), logical processors [5 11]
  capabilities: [msr pae mce cx8 apic sep
                 mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36
                 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse
                 sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall
                 nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon
                 pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc
                 cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor
                 ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16
                 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt
                 aes lahf_lm pti retpoline tpr_shadow vnmi
                 flexpriority ept vpid dtherm ida arat]

Block storage

Information about the host computer's local block storage is returned from the ghw.Block() function. This function returns a pointer to a ghw.BlockInfo struct.

The ghw.BlockInfo struct contains two fields:

• ghw.BlockInfo.TotalPhysicalBytes contains the amount of physical block storage on the host
• ghw.BlockInfo.Disks is an array of pointers to ghw.Disk structs, one for each disk drive found by the system

Each ghw.Disk struct contains the following fields:

• ghw.Disk.Name contains a string with the short name of the disk, e.g. "sda"
• ghw.Disk.SizeBytes contains the amount of storage the disk provides
• ghw.Disk.PhysicalBlockSizeBytes contains the size of the physical blocks used on the disk, in bytes
• ghw.Disk.IsRemovable contains a boolean indicating if the disk drive is removable
• ghw.Disk.DriveType is the type of drive. It is of type ghw.DriveType which has a ghw.DriveType.String() method that can be called to return a string representation of the bus. This string will be "HDD", "FDD", "ODD", or "SSD", which correspond to a hard disk drive (rotational), floppy drive, optical (CD/DVD) drive and solid-state drive.
• ghw.Disk.StorageController is the type of storage controller/drive. It is of type ghw.StorageController which has a ghw.StorageController.String() method that can be called to return a string representation of the bus. This string will be "SCSI", "IDE", "virtio", "MMC", or "NVMe"
• ghw.Disk.NUMANodeID is the numeric index of the NUMA node this disk is local to, or -1
• ghw.Disk.Vendor contains a string with the name of the hardware vendor for the disk drive
• ghw.Disk.Model contains a string with the vendor-assigned disk model name
• ghw.Disk.SerialNumber contains a string with the disk's serial number
• ghw.Disk.WWN contains a string with the disk's World Wide Name
• ghw.Disk.Partitions contains an array of pointers to ghw.Partition structs, one for each partition on the disk

Each ghw.Partition struct contains these fields:

• ghw.Partition.Name contains a string with the short name of the partition, e.g. "sda1"
• ghw.Partition.Label contains the label for the partition itself. On Linux systems, this is derived from the ID_PART_ENTRY_NAME udev entry for the partition.
• ghw.Partition.FilesystemLabel contains the label for the filesystem housed on the partition. On Linux systems, this is derived from the ID_FS_NAME udev entry for the partition.
• ghw.Partition.SizeBytes contains the amount of storage the partition provides
• ghw.Partition.MountPoint contains a string with the partition's mount point, or "" if no mount point was discovered
• ghw.Partition.Type contains a string indicated the filesystem type for the partition, or "" if the system could not determine the type
• ghw.Partition.IsReadOnly is a bool indicating the partition is read-only
• ghw.Partition.Disk is a pointer to the ghw.Disk object associated with the partition. This will be nil if the ghw.Partition struct was returned by the ghw.DiskPartitions() library function.
• ghw.Partition.UUID is a string containing the partition UUID on Linux, the partition UUID on MacOS and nothing on Windows. On Linux systems, this is derived from the ID_PART_ENTRY_UUID udev entry for the partition.

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	block, err := ghw.Block()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting block storage info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", block)

	for _, disk := range block.Disks {
		fmt.Printf(" %v\n", disk)
		for _, part := range disk.Partitions {
			fmt.Printf("  %v\n", part)
		}
	}
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

block storage (1 disk, 2TB physical storage)
 sda HDD (2TB) SCSI [@pci-0000:04:00.0-scsi-0:1:0:0 (node #0)] vendor=LSI model=Logical_Volume serial=600508e000000000f8253aac9a1abd0c WWN=0x600508e000000000f8253aac9a1abd0c
  /dev/sda1 (100MB)
  /dev/sda2 (187GB)
  /dev/sda3 (449MB)
  /dev/sda4 (1KB)
  /dev/sda5 (15GB)
  /dev/sda6 (2TB) [ext4] mounted@/

Note that ghw looks in the udev runtime database for some information. If you are using ghw in a container, remember to bind mount /dev/disk and /run into your container, otherwise ghw won't be able to query the udev DB or sysfs paths for information.

Topology

NOTE: Topology support is currently Linux-only. Windows support is planned.

Information about the host computer's architecture (NUMA vs. SMP), the host's node layout and processor caches can be retrieved from the ghw.Topology() function. This function returns a pointer to a ghw.TopologyInfo struct.

The ghw.TopologyInfo struct contains two fields:

• ghw.TopologyInfo.Architecture contains an enum with the value ghw.NUMA or ghw.SMP depending on what the topology of the system is
• ghw.TopologyInfo.Nodes is an array of pointers to ghw.TopologyNode structs, one for each topology node (typically physical processor package) found by the system

Each ghw.TopologyNode struct contains the following fields:

• ghw.TopologyNode.ID is the system's uint32 identifier for the node
• ghw.TopologyNode.Cores is an array of pointers to ghw.ProcessorCore structs that are contained in this node
• ghw.TopologyNode.Caches is an array of pointers to ghw.MemoryCache structs that represent the low-level caches associated with processors and cores on the system
• ghw.TopologyNode.Distance is an array of distances between NUMA nodes as reported by the system.
• ghw.TopologyNode.Memory is a struct describing the memory attached to this node. Please refer to the documentation of ghw.MemoryArea.

See above in the CPU section for information about the ghw.ProcessorCore struct and how to use and query it.

Each ghw.MemoryCache struct contains the following fields:

• ghw.MemoryCache.Type is an enum that contains one of ghw.DATA, ghw.INSTRUCTION or ghw.UNIFIED depending on whether the cache stores CPU instructions, program data, or both
• ghw.MemoryCache.Level is a positive integer indicating how close the cache is to the processor
• ghw.MemoryCache.SizeBytes is an integer containing the number of bytes the cache can contain
• ghw.MemoryCache.LogicalProcessors is an array of integers representing the logical processors that use the cache

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	topology, err := ghw.Topology()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting topology info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", topology)

	for _, node := range topology.Nodes {
		fmt.Printf(" %v\n", node)
		for _, cache := range node.Caches {
			fmt.Printf("  %v\n", cache)
		}
	}
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

topology SMP (1 nodes)
 node #0 (6 cores)
  L1i cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 3,9
  L1i cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 2,8
  L1i cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 11,5
  L1i cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 10,4
  L1i cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 0,6
  L1i cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 1,7
  L1d cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 11,5
  L1d cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 10,4
  L1d cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 3,9
  L1d cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 1,7
  L1d cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 0,6
  L1d cache (32 KB) shared with logical processors: 2,8
  L2 cache (256 KB) shared with logical processors: 2,8
  L2 cache (256 KB) shared with logical processors: 3,9
  L2 cache (256 KB) shared with logical processors: 0,6
  L2 cache (256 KB) shared with logical processors: 10,4
  L2 cache (256 KB) shared with logical processors: 1,7
  L2 cache (256 KB) shared with logical processors: 11,5
  L3 cache (12288 KB) shared with logical processors: 0,1,10,11,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Network

Information about the host computer's networking hardware is returned from the ghw.Network() function. This function returns a pointer to a ghw.NetworkInfo struct.

The ghw.NetworkInfo struct contains one field:

• ghw.NetworkInfo.NICs is an array of pointers to ghw.NIC structs, one for each network interface controller found for the systen

Each ghw.NIC struct contains the following fields:

• ghw.NIC.Name is the system's identifier for the NIC
• ghw.NIC.MacAddress is the MAC address for the NIC, if any
• ghw.NIC.IsVirtual is a boolean indicating if the NIC is a virtualized device
• ghw.NIC.Capabilities is an array of pointers to ghw.NICCapability structs that can describe the things the NIC supports. These capabilities match the returned values from the ethtool -k <DEVICE> call on Linux
• ghw.NIC.PCIAddress is the PCI device address of the device backing the NIC. this is not-nil only if the backing device is indeed a PCI device; more backing devices (e.g. USB) will be added in future versions.

The ghw.NICCapability struct contains the following fields:

• ghw.NICCapability.Name is the string name of the capability (e.g. "tcp-segmentation-offload")
• ghw.NICCapability.IsEnabled is a boolean indicating whether the capability is currently enabled/active on the NIC
• ghw.NICCapability.CanEnable is a boolean indicating whether the capability may be enabled

package main

import (
    "fmt"

    "github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
    net, err := ghw.Network()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Error getting network info: %v", err)
    }

    fmt.Printf("%v\n", net)

    for _, nic := range net.NICs {
        fmt.Printf(" %v\n", nic)

        enabledCaps := make([]int, 0)
        for x, cap := range nic.Capabilities {
            if cap.IsEnabled {
                enabledCaps = append(enabledCaps, x)
            }
        }
        if len(enabledCaps) > 0 {
            fmt.Printf("  enabled capabilities:\n")
            for _, x := range enabledCaps {
                fmt.Printf("   - %s\n", nic.Capabilities[x].Name)
            }
        }
    }
}

Example output from my personal laptop:

net (3 NICs)
 docker0
  enabled capabilities:
   - tx-checksumming
   - tx-checksum-ip-generic
   - scatter-gather
   - tx-scatter-gather
   - tx-scatter-gather-fraglist
   - tcp-segmentation-offload
   - tx-tcp-segmentation
   - tx-tcp-ecn-segmentation
   - tx-tcp-mangleid-segmentation
   - tx-tcp6-segmentation
   - udp-fragmentation-offload
   - generic-segmentation-offload
   - generic-receive-offload
   - tx-vlan-offload
   - highdma
   - tx-lockless
   - netns-local
   - tx-gso-robust
   - tx-fcoe-segmentation
   - tx-gre-segmentation
   - tx-gre-csum-segmentation
   - tx-ipxip4-segmentation
   - tx-ipxip6-segmentation
   - tx-udp_tnl-segmentation
   - tx-udp_tnl-csum-segmentation
   - tx-gso-partial
   - tx-sctp-segmentation
   - tx-esp-segmentation
   - tx-vlan-stag-hw-insert
 enp58s0f1
  enabled capabilities:
   - rx-checksumming
   - generic-receive-offload
   - rx-vlan-offload
   - tx-vlan-offload
   - highdma
 wlp59s0
  enabled capabilities:
   - scatter-gather
   - tx-scatter-gather
   - generic-segmentation-offload
   - generic-receive-offload
   - highdma
   - netns-local

PCI

ghw contains a PCI database inspection and querying facility that allows developers to not only gather information about devices on a local PCI bus but also query for information about hardware device classes, vendor and product information.

NOTE: Parsing of the PCI-IDS file database is provided by the separate github.com/jaypipes/pcidb library. You can read that library's README for more information about the various structs that are exposed on the ghw.PCIInfo struct.

The ghw.PCI() function returns a ghw.PCIInfo struct. The ghw.PCIInfo struct contains a number of fields that may be queried for PCI information:

• ghw.PCIInfo.Devices is a slice of pointers to ghw.PCIDevice structs that describe the PCI devices on the host system
• ghw.PCIInfo.Classes is a map, keyed by the PCI class ID (a hex-encoded string) of pointers to pcidb.Class structs, one for each class of PCI device known to ghw (DEPRECATED, will be removed in ghw v1.0. Use the github.com/jaypipes/pcidb library for exploring PCI database information)
• ghw.PCIInfo.Vendors is a map, keyed by the PCI vendor ID (a hex-encoded string) of pointers to pcidb.Vendor structs, one for each PCI vendor known to ghw (DEPRECATED, will be removed in ghw v1.0. Use the github.com/jaypipes/pcidb library for exploring PCI database information)
• ghw.PCIInfo.Products is a map, keyed by the PCI product ID (a hex-encoded string) of pointers to pcidb.Product structs, one for each PCI product known to ghw (DEPRECATED, will be removed in ghw v1.0. Use the github.com/jaypipes/pcidb library for exploring PCI database information)

NOTE: PCI products are often referred to by their "device ID". We use the term "product ID" in ghw because it more accurately reflects what the identifier is for: a specific product line produced by the vendor.

The ghw.PCIDevice struct has the following fields:

• ghw.PCIDevice.Vendor is a pointer to a pcidb.Vendor struct that describes the device's primary vendor. This will always be non-nil.
• ghw.PCIDevice.Product is a pointer to a pcidb.Product struct that describes the device's primary product. This will always be non-nil.
• ghw.PCIDevice.Subsystem is a pointer to a pcidb.Product struct that describes the device's secondary/sub-product. This will always be non-nil.
• ghw.PCIDevice.Class is a pointer to a pcidb.Class struct that describes the device's class. This will always be non-nil.
• ghw.PCIDevice.Subclass is a pointer to a pcidb.Subclass struct that describes the device's subclass. This will always be non-nil.
• ghw.PCIDevice.ProgrammingInterface is a pointer to a pcidb.ProgrammingInterface struct that describes the device subclass' programming interface. This will always be non-nil.
• ghw.PCIDevice.Driver is a string representing the device driver the system is using to handle this device. Can be empty string if this information is not available. If the information is not available, this doesn't mean at all the device is not functioning, but only the fact ghw was not able to retrieve this information.

The ghw.PCIAddress (which is an alias for the ghw.pci.address.Address struct) contains the PCI address fields. It has a ghw.PCIAddress.String() method that returns the canonical Domain:Bus:Device.Function ([D]BDF) representation of this Address.

The ghw.PCIAddress struct has the following fields:

• ghw.PCIAddress.Domain is a string representing the PCI domain component of the address.
• ghw.PCIAddress.Bus is a string representing the PCI bus component of the address.
• ghw.PCIAddress.Device is a string representing the PCI device component of the address.
• ghw.PCIAddress.Function is a string representing the PCI function component of the address.

NOTE: Older versions (pre-v0.9.0) erroneously referred to the Device field as the Slot field. As noted by @pearsonk in #220, this was a misnomer.

Finding a PCI device by PCI address

In addition to the above information, the ghw.PCIInfo struct has the following method:

• ghw.PCIInfo.GetDevice(address string)

The following code snippet shows how to call the ghw.PCIInfo.ListDevices() method and output a simple list of PCI address and vendor/product information:

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	pci, err := ghw.PCI()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting PCI info: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("host PCI devices:\n")
	fmt.Println("====================================================")

	for _, device := range pci.Devices {
		vendor := device.Vendor
		vendorName := vendor.Name
		if len(vendor.Name) > 20 {
			vendorName = string([]byte(vendorName)[0:17]) + "..."
		}
		product := device.Product
		productName := product.Name
		if len(product.Name) > 40 {
			productName = string([]byte(productName)[0:37]) + "..."
		}
		fmt.Printf("%-12s\t%-20s\t%-40s\n", device.Address, vendorName, productName)
	}
}

on my local workstation the output of the above looks like the following:

host PCI devices:
====================================================
0000:00:00.0	Intel Corporation   	5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub to ESI Port
0000:00:01.0	Intel Corporation   	5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub PCI Express Roo...
0000:00:02.0	Intel Corporation   	5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub PCI Express Roo...
0000:00:03.0	Intel Corporation   	5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub PCI Express Roo...
0000:00:07.0	Intel Corporation   	5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub PCI Express Roo...
0000:00:10.0	Intel Corporation   	7500/5520/5500/X58 Physical and Link ...
0000:00:10.1	Intel Corporation   	7500/5520/5500/X58 Routing and Protoc...
0000:00:14.0	Intel Corporation   	7500/5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub System Man...
0000:00:14.1	Intel Corporation   	7500/5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub GPIO and S...
0000:00:14.2	Intel Corporation   	7500/5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub Control St...
0000:00:14.3	Intel Corporation   	7500/5520/5500/X58 I/O Hub Throttle R...
0000:00:19.0	Intel Corporation   	82567LF-2 Gigabit Network Connection
0000:00:1a.0	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Contr...
0000:00:1a.1	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Contr...
0000:00:1a.2	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Contr...
0000:00:1a.7	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB2 EHCI Cont...
0000:00:1b.0	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) HD Audio Contr...
0000:00:1c.0	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) PCI Express Ro...
0000:00:1c.1	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) PCI Express Po...
0000:00:1c.4	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) PCI Express Ro...
0000:00:1d.0	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Contr...
0000:00:1d.1	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Contr...
0000:00:1d.2	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB UHCI Contr...
0000:00:1d.7	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) USB2 EHCI Cont...
0000:00:1e.0	Intel Corporation   	82801 PCI Bridge
0000:00:1f.0	Intel Corporation   	82801JIR (ICH10R) LPC Interface Contr...
0000:00:1f.2	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) SATA AHCI Cont...
0000:00:1f.3	Intel Corporation   	82801JI (ICH10 Family) SMBus Controller
0000:01:00.0	NEC Corporation     	uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller
0000:02:00.0	Marvell Technolog...	88SE9123 PCIe SATA 6.0 Gb/s controller
0000:02:00.1	Marvell Technolog...	88SE912x IDE Controller
0000:03:00.0	NVIDIA Corporation  	GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti]
0000:03:00.1	NVIDIA Corporation  	UNKNOWN
0000:04:00.0	LSI Logic / Symbi...	SAS2004 PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS-2 ...
0000:06:00.0	Qualcomm Atheros    	AR5418 Wireless Network Adapter [AR50...
0000:08:03.0	LSI Corporation     	FW322/323 [TrueFire] 1394a Controller
0000:3f:00.0	Intel Corporation   	UNKNOWN
0000:3f:00.1	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series QuickPath Architectu...
0000:3f:02.0	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series QPI Link 0
0000:3f:02.1	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series QPI Physical 0
0000:3f:02.2	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Mirror Port Link 0
0000:3f:02.3	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Mirror Port Link 1
0000:3f:03.0	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:03.1	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:03.4	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:04.0	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:04.1	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:04.2	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:04.3	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:05.0	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:05.1	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:05.2	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:05.3	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:06.0	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:06.1	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:06.2	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...
0000:3f:06.3	Intel Corporation   	Xeon 5600 Series Integrated Memory Co...

The following code snippet shows how to call the ghw.PCIInfo.GetDevice() method and use its returned ghw.PCIDevice struct pointer:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	pci, err := ghw.PCI()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting PCI info: %v", err)
	}

	addr := "0000:00:00.0"
	if len(os.Args) == 2 {
		addr = os.Args[1]
	}
	fmt.Printf("PCI device information for %s\n", addr)
	fmt.Println("====================================================")
	deviceInfo := pci.GetDevice(addr)
	if deviceInfo == nil {
		fmt.Printf("could not retrieve PCI device information for %s\n", addr)
		return
	}

	vendor := deviceInfo.Vendor
	fmt.Printf("Vendor: %s [%s]\n", vendor.Name, vendor.ID)
	product := deviceInfo.Product
	fmt.Printf("Product: %s [%s]\n", product.Name, product.ID)
	subsystem := deviceInfo.Subsystem
	subvendor := pci.Vendors[subsystem.VendorID]
	subvendorName := "UNKNOWN"
	if subvendor != nil {
		subvendorName = subvendor.Name
	}
	fmt.Printf("Subsystem: %s [%s] (Subvendor: %s)\n", subsystem.Name, subsystem.ID, subvendorName)
	class := deviceInfo.Class
	fmt.Printf("Class: %s [%s]\n", class.Name, class.ID)
	subclass := deviceInfo.Subclass
	fmt.Printf("Subclass: %s [%s]\n", subclass.Name, subclass.ID)
	progIface := deviceInfo.ProgrammingInterface
	fmt.Printf("Programming Interface: %s [%s]\n", progIface.Name, progIface.ID)
}

Here's a sample output from my local workstation:

PCI device information for 0000:03:00.0
====================================================
Vendor: NVIDIA Corporation [10de]
Product: GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti] [1c82]
Subsystem: UNKNOWN [8613] (Subvendor: ASUSTeK Computer Inc.)
Class: Display controller [03]
Subclass: VGA compatible controller [00]
Programming Interface: VGA controller [00]

GPU

Information about the host computer's graphics hardware is returned from the ghw.GPU() function. This function returns a pointer to a ghw.GPUInfo struct.

The ghw.GPUInfo struct contains one field:

• ghw.GPUInfo.GraphicCards is an array of pointers to ghw.GraphicsCard structs, one for each graphics card found for the systen

Each ghw.GraphicsCard struct contains the following fields:

• ghw.GraphicsCard.Index is the system's numeric zero-based index for the card on the bus
• ghw.GraphicsCard.Address is the PCI address for the graphics card
• ghw.GraphicsCard.DeviceInfo is a pointer to a ghw.PCIDevice struct describing the graphics card. This may be nil if no PCI device information could be determined for the card.
• ghw.GraphicsCard.Node is an pointer to a ghw.TopologyNode struct that the GPU/graphics card is affined to. On non-NUMA systems, this will always be nil.

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	gpu, err := ghw.GPU()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting GPU info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", gpu)

	for _, card := range gpu.GraphicsCards {
		fmt.Printf(" %v\n", card)
	}
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

gpu (1 graphics card)
 card #0 @0000:03:00.0 -> class: 'Display controller' vendor: 'NVIDIA Corporation' product: 'GP107 [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti]'

NOTE: You can read more about the fields of the ghw.PCIDevice struct if you'd like to dig deeper into PCI subsystem and programming interface information

NOTE: You can read more about the fields of the ghw.TopologyNode struct if you'd like to dig deeper into the NUMA/topology subsystem

Chassis

The host's chassis information is accessible with the ghw.Chassis() function. This function returns a pointer to a ghw.ChassisInfo struct.

The ghw.ChassisInfo struct contains multiple fields:

• ghw.ChassisInfo.AssetTag is a string with the chassis asset tag
• ghw.ChassisInfo.SerialNumber is a string with the chassis serial number
• ghw.ChassisInfo.Type is a string with the chassis type code
• ghw.ChassisInfo.TypeDescription is a string with a description of the chassis type
• ghw.ChassisInfo.Vendor is a string with the chassis vendor
• ghw.ChassisInfo.Version is a string with the chassis version

NOTE: These fields are often missing for non-server hardware. Don't be surprised to see empty string or "None" values.

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	chassis, err := ghw.Chassis()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting chassis info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", chassis)
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

chassis type=Desktop vendor=System76 version=thelio-r1

NOTE: Some of the values such as serial numbers are shown as unknown because the Linux kernel by default disallows access to those fields if you're not running as root. They will be populated if it runs as root or otherwise you may see warnings like the following:

WARNING: Unable to read chassis_serial: open /sys/class/dmi/id/chassis_serial: permission denied

You can ignore them or use the Disabling warning messages feature to quiet things down.

BIOS

The host's basis input/output system (BIOS) information is accessible with the ghw.BIOS() function. This function returns a pointer to a ghw.BIOSInfo struct.

The ghw.BIOSInfo struct contains multiple fields:

• ghw.BIOSInfo.Vendor is a string with the BIOS vendor
• ghw.BIOSInfo.Version is a string with the BIOS version
• ghw.BIOSInfo.Date is a string with the date the BIOS was flashed/created

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	bios, err := ghw.BIOS()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting BIOS info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", bios)
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

bios vendor=System76 version=F2 Z5 date=11/14/2018

Baseboard

The host's baseboard information is accessible with the ghw.Baseboard() function. This function returns a pointer to a ghw.BaseboardInfo struct.

The ghw.BaseboardInfo struct contains multiple fields:

• ghw.BaseboardInfo.AssetTag is a string with the baseboard asset tag
• ghw.BaseboardInfo.SerialNumber is a string with the baseboard serial number
• ghw.BaseboardInfo.Vendor is a string with the baseboard vendor
• ghw.BaseboardInfo.Product is a string with the baseboard name on Linux and Product on Windows
• ghw.BaseboardInfo.Version is a string with the baseboard version

NOTE: These fields are often missing for non-server hardware. Don't be surprised to see empty string or "None" values.

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	baseboard, err := ghw.Baseboard()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting baseboard info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", baseboard)
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

baseboard vendor=System76 version=thelio-r1

NOTE: Some of the values such as serial numbers are shown as unknown because the Linux kernel by default disallows access to those fields if you're not running as root. They will be populated if it runs as root or otherwise you may see warnings like the following:

WARNING: Unable to read board_serial: open /sys/class/dmi/id/board_serial: permission denied

You can ignore them or use the Disabling warning messages feature to quiet things down.

Product

The host's product information is accessible with the ghw.Product() function. This function returns a pointer to a ghw.ProductInfo struct.

The ghw.ProductInfo struct contains multiple fields:

• ghw.ProductInfo.Family is a string describing the product family
• ghw.ProductInfo.Name is a string with the product name
• ghw.ProductInfo.SerialNumber is a string with the product serial number
• ghw.ProductInfo.UUID is a string with the product UUID
• ghw.ProductInfo.SKU is a string with the product stock unit identifier (SKU)
• ghw.ProductInfo.Vendor is a string with the product vendor
• ghw.ProductInfo.Version is a string with the product version

NOTE: These fields are often missing for non-server hardware. Don't be surprised to see empty string, "Default string" or "None" values.

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	product, err := ghw.Product()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting product info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%v\n", product)
}

Example output from my personal workstation:

product family=Default string name=Thelio vendor=System76 sku=Default string version=thelio-r1

NOTE: Some of the values such as serial numbers are shown as unknown because the Linux kernel by default disallows access to those fields if you're not running as root. They will be populated if it runs as root or otherwise you may see warnings like the following:

WARNING: Unable to read product_serial: open /sys/class/dmi/id/product_serial: permission denied

You can ignore them or use the Disabling warning messages feature to quiet things down.

Serialization

All of the ghw XXXInfo structs -- e.g. ghw.CPUInfo -- have two methods for producing a serialized JSON or YAML string representation of the contained information:

• JSONString() returns a string containing the information serialized into JSON. It accepts a single boolean parameter indicating whether to use indentation when outputting the string
• YAMLString() returns a string containing the information serialized into YAML

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	"github.com/jaypipes/ghw"
)

func main() {
	mem, err := ghw.Memory()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Error getting memory info: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("%s", mem.YAMLString())
}

the above example code prints the following out on my local workstation:

memory:
  supported_page_sizes:
  - 1073741824
  - 2097152
  total_physical_bytes: 25263415296
  total_usable_bytes: 25263415296

Calling external programs

By default ghw may call external programs, for example ethtool, to learn about hardware capabilities. In some rare circumstances it may be useful to opt out from this behaviour and rely only on the data provided by pseudo-filesystems, like sysfs. The most common use case is when we want to consume a snapshot from ghw. In these cases the information provided by tools will be most likely inconsistent with the data from the snapshot - they will run on a different host! To prevent ghw from calling external tools, set the environs variable GHW_DISABLE_TOOLS to any value, or, programmatically, check the WithDisableTools function. The default behaviour of ghw is to call external tools when available.

WARNING:

• on all platforms, disabling external tools make ghw return less data. Unless noted otherwise, there is no fallback flow if external tools are disabled.
• on darwin, disabling external tools disable block support entirely

Developers

Contributions to ghw are welcomed! Fork the repo on GitHub and submit a pull request with your proposed changes. Or, feel free to log an issue for a feature request or bug report.

Running tests

You can run unit tests easily using the make test command, like so:

[jaypipes@uberbox ghw]$ make test
go test github.com/jaypipes/ghw github.com/jaypipes/ghw/cmd/ghwc
ok      github.com/jaypipes/ghw 0.084s
?       github.com/jaypipes/ghw/cmd/ghwc    [no test files]