Legislation addressing the quality of groundwater and increasing concerns over public health call... more Legislation addressing the quality of groundwater and increasing concerns over public health calls for the development of analytical methods that can produce accurate and precise results at the ppt level. Passive sampling has been recognised as a helpful tool in identifying various organic pollutants in groundwater, even when their presence had not yet been identified through conventional groundwater quality monitoring. The article presents an analytical method involving a simple and cost-effective passive sampling device using Zorflex® activated carbon fibres (ACFs) for the qualitative monitoring of a broad range of organic pollutants in water in a single run. The applicability of the method developed was tested in three hydrogeological studies. In the first case, we present a non-targeted qualitative screening and a list of 892 different contaminants detected in the groundwater in Slovenia. In the second case, we discuss the presence and origin of organic compounds in the groundwa...
The unsaturated zone of an aquifer serves as a water reservoir which discharges water and eventua... more The unsaturated zone of an aquifer serves as a water reservoir which discharges water and eventual pollution to the saturated zone for a relatively long period after the cessation of surface input. Effective protection of a water resource requires detailed knowledge of transport mechanisms through the unsaturated zone with regard to its protective function. The article presents the application of
Coccidiostats are veterinary pharmaceuticals used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis. Th... more Coccidiostats are veterinary pharmaceuticals used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis. They pose a potential environmental risk because of their widespread use in veterinary medicine. In large quantities they are used as feed additives for poultry. They enter the environment mostly through the use of manure from treated animals, which is a substantial source of coccidiostats since up to 95 % of consumed coccidiostats are excreted unchanged. In Europe, 11 coccidiostats are permitted, which differ in their mechanism of action. Through soil fertilization on agricultural areas coccidiostats are transferred via manure into surface water and groundwater. They could be used as indicators of agricultural pollution. The presence, transport and concentration of coccidiostats in the environment are still largely unknown. This article provides an overview of coccidiostats, their use, efficiency and occurrence in the environment. It describes the factors influencing their occurrence in the environment. An overview of literature on the topic of coccidiostats in the environment is presented. In the case of the Drava field the potential environmental concentration of the coccidiostat monensin in the environment was established. The assessment took into account the number of chickens on a chosen farm, the related arable land and the properties of monensin. It was found that due to fertilization with chicken manure we can expect predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of monensin in soil up to 0,30 mg/kg and in groundwater up to 80,4 µg/l.
Emerging organic compounds EOC are substances which have been only recently determined as polluta... more Emerging organic compounds EOC are substances which have been only recently determined as pollutants, and substances which have been newly developed or discovered in the environment. EOC in groundwater can cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. They enter into the natural environment as a result of various anthropogenic activities. The article provides an overview of emerging organic pollutants that occur in groundwater. These compounds are drug residues, substances originating from personal care products, pesticides, veterinary products, food additives, nanomaterials, industrial and other compounds found in wastewater. The article describes the main sources and the presence of EOC in groundwater, pathways and potential impacts (risks). An overview of EOC detection research in the world is presented. Within the review of Slovenian studies the investigations dealing with the determination of wide spectrum of EOC presence in groundwater, with drug residues in groundwater and waste water, or with the development of analytical methods for these substances were analyzed. From the entire analysis we inferred that we must be aware of the possible presence of EOC risk in groundwater even in small concentrations. To reduce the yet to some extent unknown risks, it is necessary to determine EOC threshold values in groundwater and their impact. In the future it will be necessary to identify new pollutants, to develop new analytical methods to determine their sources and routes, and in particular, to establish monitoring for these substances.
The unsaturated zone of an aquifer serves as a water reservoir which discharges water and eventua... more The unsaturated zone of an aquifer serves as a water reservoir which discharges water and eventual pollution to the saturated zone for a relatively long period after the cessation of surface input. Effective protection of a water resource requires detailed knowledge of transport mechanisms through the unsaturated zone with regard to its protective function. The article presents the application of isotope methods in the study of groundwater transport processes in the unsaturated zone of Selniška Dobrava coarse gravel aquifer. Emphasis is given to the use of environmental isotopes as natural tracers in the study of groundwater dynamics in the unsaturated zone. The estimation of groundwater flow characteristics was based on experimental work in lysimeter. Based on long-time isotope investigations with the use of lumped parameter models some water flow parameters (mean residence time, mean matrix flow velocity) in the unsaturated zone were calculated. The results were compared with tracing experiment results in the same lysimeter.
Legislation addressing the quality of groundwater and increasing concerns over public health call... more Legislation addressing the quality of groundwater and increasing concerns over public health calls for the development of analytical methods that can produce accurate and precise results at the ppt level. Passive sampling has been recognised as a helpful tool in identifying various organic pollutants in groundwater, even when their presence had not yet been identified through conventional groundwater quality monitoring. The article presents an analytical method involving a simple and cost-effective passive sampling device using Zorflex® activated carbon fibres (ACFs) for the qualitative monitoring of a broad range of organic pollutants in water in a single run. The applicability of the method developed was tested in three hydrogeological studies. In the first case, we present a non-targeted qualitative screening and a list of 892 different contaminants detected in the groundwater in Slovenia. In the second case, we discuss the presence and origin of organic compounds in the groundwa...
The unsaturated zone of an aquifer serves as a water reservoir which discharges water and eventua... more The unsaturated zone of an aquifer serves as a water reservoir which discharges water and eventual pollution to the saturated zone for a relatively long period after the cessation of surface input. Effective protection of a water resource requires detailed knowledge of transport mechanisms through the unsaturated zone with regard to its protective function. The article presents the application of
Coccidiostats are veterinary pharmaceuticals used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis. Th... more Coccidiostats are veterinary pharmaceuticals used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis. They pose a potential environmental risk because of their widespread use in veterinary medicine. In large quantities they are used as feed additives for poultry. They enter the environment mostly through the use of manure from treated animals, which is a substantial source of coccidiostats since up to 95 % of consumed coccidiostats are excreted unchanged. In Europe, 11 coccidiostats are permitted, which differ in their mechanism of action. Through soil fertilization on agricultural areas coccidiostats are transferred via manure into surface water and groundwater. They could be used as indicators of agricultural pollution. The presence, transport and concentration of coccidiostats in the environment are still largely unknown. This article provides an overview of coccidiostats, their use, efficiency and occurrence in the environment. It describes the factors influencing their occurrence in the environment. An overview of literature on the topic of coccidiostats in the environment is presented. In the case of the Drava field the potential environmental concentration of the coccidiostat monensin in the environment was established. The assessment took into account the number of chickens on a chosen farm, the related arable land and the properties of monensin. It was found that due to fertilization with chicken manure we can expect predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of monensin in soil up to 0,30 mg/kg and in groundwater up to 80,4 µg/l.
Emerging organic compounds EOC are substances which have been only recently determined as polluta... more Emerging organic compounds EOC are substances which have been only recently determined as pollutants, and substances which have been newly developed or discovered in the environment. EOC in groundwater can cause adverse effects on the environment and human health. They enter into the natural environment as a result of various anthropogenic activities. The article provides an overview of emerging organic pollutants that occur in groundwater. These compounds are drug residues, substances originating from personal care products, pesticides, veterinary products, food additives, nanomaterials, industrial and other compounds found in wastewater. The article describes the main sources and the presence of EOC in groundwater, pathways and potential impacts (risks). An overview of EOC detection research in the world is presented. Within the review of Slovenian studies the investigations dealing with the determination of wide spectrum of EOC presence in groundwater, with drug residues in groundwater and waste water, or with the development of analytical methods for these substances were analyzed. From the entire analysis we inferred that we must be aware of the possible presence of EOC risk in groundwater even in small concentrations. To reduce the yet to some extent unknown risks, it is necessary to determine EOC threshold values in groundwater and their impact. In the future it will be necessary to identify new pollutants, to develop new analytical methods to determine their sources and routes, and in particular, to establish monitoring for these substances.
The unsaturated zone of an aquifer serves as a water reservoir which discharges water and eventua... more The unsaturated zone of an aquifer serves as a water reservoir which discharges water and eventual pollution to the saturated zone for a relatively long period after the cessation of surface input. Effective protection of a water resource requires detailed knowledge of transport mechanisms through the unsaturated zone with regard to its protective function. The article presents the application of isotope methods in the study of groundwater transport processes in the unsaturated zone of Selniška Dobrava coarse gravel aquifer. Emphasis is given to the use of environmental isotopes as natural tracers in the study of groundwater dynamics in the unsaturated zone. The estimation of groundwater flow characteristics was based on experimental work in lysimeter. Based on long-time isotope investigations with the use of lumped parameter models some water flow parameters (mean residence time, mean matrix flow velocity) in the unsaturated zone were calculated. The results were compared with tracing experiment results in the same lysimeter.
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potential environmental risk because of their widespread use in veterinary medicine. In large quantities they are
used as feed additives for poultry. They enter the environment mostly through the use of manure from treated
animals, which is a substantial source of coccidiostats since up to 95 % of consumed coccidiostats are excreted
unchanged. In Europe, 11 coccidiostats are permitted, which differ in their mechanism of action. Through soil
fertilization on agricultural areas coccidiostats are transferred via manure into surface water and groundwater.
They could be used as indicators of agricultural pollution. The presence, transport and concentration of coccidiostats
in the environment are still largely unknown. This article provides an overview of coccidiostats, their use, efficiency
and occurrence in the environment. It describes the factors influencing their occurrence in the environment. An
overview of literature on the topic of coccidiostats in the environment is presented. In the case of the Drava field
the potential environmental concentration of the coccidiostat monensin in the environment was established. The
assessment took into account the number of chickens on a chosen farm, the related arable land and the properties
of monensin. It was found that due to fertilization with chicken manure we can expect predicted environmental
concentrations (PEC) of monensin in soil up to 0,30 mg/kg and in groundwater up to 80,4 µg/l.
potential environmental risk because of their widespread use in veterinary medicine. In large quantities they are
used as feed additives for poultry. They enter the environment mostly through the use of manure from treated
animals, which is a substantial source of coccidiostats since up to 95 % of consumed coccidiostats are excreted
unchanged. In Europe, 11 coccidiostats are permitted, which differ in their mechanism of action. Through soil
fertilization on agricultural areas coccidiostats are transferred via manure into surface water and groundwater.
They could be used as indicators of agricultural pollution. The presence, transport and concentration of coccidiostats
in the environment are still largely unknown. This article provides an overview of coccidiostats, their use, efficiency
and occurrence in the environment. It describes the factors influencing their occurrence in the environment. An
overview of literature on the topic of coccidiostats in the environment is presented. In the case of the Drava field
the potential environmental concentration of the coccidiostat monensin in the environment was established. The
assessment took into account the number of chickens on a chosen farm, the related arable land and the properties
of monensin. It was found that due to fertilization with chicken manure we can expect predicted environmental
concentrations (PEC) of monensin in soil up to 0,30 mg/kg and in groundwater up to 80,4 µg/l.