Research Interests:
This chapter describes how the aim of duplex surface engineering includes chronological application of two surface modification technologies for the production of a surface, with collective properties. Duplex treatment of nitriding and... more
This chapter describes how the aim of duplex surface engineering includes chronological application of two surface modification technologies for the production of a surface, with collective properties. Duplex treatment of nitriding and carbonitriding of austenitic stainless steel is of high technical importance owing to its capability to increase hardness, corrosion and wear resistance of treated surface. Duplex treatment has been utilized to enhance the surface mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304). The microstructure of nitrided surface indicates the development of nitride phases, Fe4N, Fe2N, CrN, Cr2N and γN whereas, duplex treated films shows the formation of FeC, Fe3C, Fe7C3, Cr3C2, Cr7C3, along with nitride phases like Fe3N. Both nitrided and duplex treated samples show the formation of cauliflower like grains. Surface micro hardness of treated substrates has been dependent on the variation of crystallite size and increased by 1.26 times the hardness o...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In this study, Zirconium doped Zn1−xZrxO (with x = 0.00–0.10) samples have been prepared by formal solid-state reaction technique. The Zr doped ZnO samples annealed at 1100 °C and characterized by different characterization techniques,... more
In this study, Zirconium doped Zn1−xZrxO (with x = 0.00–0.10) samples have been prepared by formal solid-state reaction technique. The Zr doped ZnO samples annealed at 1100 °C and characterized by different characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) used to study the structural properties. XRD pattern showed that lattice parameters, “a”, “c”, unit cell volume and Zn–O bond length increase with doping content (x ≤ 0.04) where as these decrease with x > 0.04. On the other hand, reverse trend observed with lattice distortion. The crystallite size decreases with increasing doping content of Zr. FTIR employed to investigate functional chemical bonding properties of different elements and compounds present in materials. The low, medium and high frequency absorption bands observed at 630, 1500 and 3435 cm−1, which were...