- Marietta, Georgia, United States
Paul Mayne
Georgia Institute of Technology, CEE, Faculty Member
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Research Interests: Engineering and DFI
ABSTRACT Continuous seismic velocity measurements use a special automated wave source and advanced post-processing analyses to provide fast, detailed, and reliable profiles of shear wave velocity (Vs) with depth. Conventional geophysical... more
ABSTRACT Continuous seismic velocity measurements use a special automated wave source and advanced post-processing analyses to provide fast, detailed, and reliable profiles of shear wave velocity (Vs) with depth. Conventional geophysical techniques such as crosshole tests (CHTs) and downhole tests (DHTs) in boreholes are slow because they have several required steps: (1) rotary drilling, (2) installation of casing and grouting, (3) inclinometer measurements (for CHTs), and (4) deployment of geophones for seismic readings. Direct-push technologies include the use of seismic cones and seismic dilatometers that offer DHT-type Vs data at intervals of 1 m or less without the need for drilling, casing, grouting, or separate field events. The recent development of a new portable autoseis source allows the generation of reliable and consistent shear waves either intermittently or as frequently as every 1 to 10 s. Continuous shear wave measurements can provide improved detailing of the small-strain stiffness (G0) at frequent depth intervals and fast field production times. Appreciable sensitivity errors in Vs calculations can be experienced because of the extremely small time shifts between adjacent shear wave records, as well as significant signal noise due to vibration, external sources, and refracted waves. This paper details continuous-interval seismic piezocone testing and explains how to handle signal post-processing in both the time domain and the spectral frequency domain in order to obtain a reliable in situ Vs profile.
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A series of pore-water pressure dissipation records were acquired using a type 2 piezocone penetrometer sounding that was performed in the sensitive Leda clays underlying the Canadian Geotechnical Research site in South Gloucester,... more
A series of pore-water pressure dissipation records were acquired using a type 2 piezocone penetrometer sounding that was performed in the sensitive Leda clays underlying the Canadian Geotechnical Research site in South Gloucester, Ontario. This note presents the results of the piezocone penetration test (CPTu) sounding and the individual pore-water pressure decays with time that were measured at 1 m vertical intervals, ranging from depths of 2 to 23 m at the site. Using soil behavioral charts, the sounding confirmed the presence of soft sensitive clays. While many of the dissipations were predominantly monotonic, some dilatory response was also observed at shallow depths. Thus, a grouping of dissipatory behaviors was used to infer layers of similar clay characteristics. The results are offered as complementary data to existing in situ and laboratory information that have been collected at this important experimental test site.
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Plasma Magmavication of Soils by Nontransferred Arc. [Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 126, 387 (2000)]. Paul W. Mayne, Susan E. Burns, Louis J. Circeo. Abstract. Electrical plasma arcs create very ...
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Natural analogue studies can play a key role in deep geological radioactive disposal systems safety assessment. These studies can help develop a better understanding of complex natural processes and, therefore, provide valuable means of... more
Natural analogue studies can play a key role in deep geological radioactive disposal systems safety assessment. These studies can help develop a better understanding of complex natural processes and, therefore, provide valuable means of confidence building in the safety assessment. In evaluation of natural analogues, there are, however, several sources of uncertainties that stem from factors such as complexity; lack of data; and ignorance. Often, analysts have to simplify the mathematical models in order to cope with the various sources of complexity and this ads uncertainty to the model results. The uncertainties reflected in model predictions must be addressed to understand their impact on safety assessment and therefore, the utility of natural analogues. Fuzzy sets can be used to represent the information regarding the natural processes and their mutual connections. With this methodology we are able to quantify and propagate the epistemic uncertainties in both processes and, ther...
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Soil stiffness constitutive model parameters are required when investigating and/or modeling stress-related deformations in geotechnical problems. The seismic dilatometer test (SDMT) can be used to determine various stiffness related... more
Soil stiffness constitutive model parameters are required when investigating and/or modeling stress-related deformations in geotechnical problems. The seismic dilatometer test (SDMT) can be used to determine various stiffness related parameters. This paper discusses utilizing SDMT to determine the hardening plasticity parameters for the tangent modulus from primary oedometer loading (Eoed), secant modulus in drained triaxial test (E50) , and unloading/reloading modulus (Eur), along with the nonlinear small strain stiffness input parameters for the initial reference shear modulus (G0) at very small strains and shear strain (γ0.7) at which Gs=0.722G0. The SDMT also provides evaluations of the soil strength and stress history for input into numerical simulations.
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Soil classification by piezocone penetration tests (CPTU) is mainly accomplished using empirical soil behavior charts (SBT). While commonly-used SBT methods work well to separate fine-grained soils from granular coarse-grained soils, in... more
Soil classification by piezocone penetration tests (CPTU) is mainly accomplished using empirical soil behavior charts (SBT). While commonly-used SBT methods work well to separate fine-grained soils from granular coarse-grained soils, in many instances, the groupings often fail to properly identify different categories of clays, specifically: (a) "regular" clays that are inorganic and insensitive, (b) sensitive and quick clays; and (c) organic soils. Herein, a simple means of screening and sorting these three clay types is shown using three analytical CPTU expressions for evaluating the preconsolidation stress profile from net cone resistance, excess porewater pressure, and effective cone resistance. A number of case studies are utilized to convey the methodology.
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Initiating at the small-strain shear modulus (Gmax), the mechanical nonlinear stress-strain-strength behavior of soil manifests in the form of modulus reduction, typically expressed in normalized form as Gop/Gmax. Here, Gopis the... more
Initiating at the small-strain shear modulus (Gmax), the mechanical nonlinear stress-strain-strength behavior of soil manifests in the form of modulus reduction, typically expressed in normalized form as Gop/Gmax. Here, Gopis the operative shear modulus – a reduced stiffness value corresponding to strain levels that the soil is experiencing. Assessment of Gopis critical to reliable predictions of load-related deformations within the soil. Among the various categories of loading, deep foundations and pilings exhibit a typical mechanism of axial load transfer to the foundation soil. For friction type piles, the stiffness reduction mostly takes place along the pile shaft-soil interface. Within the framework of an analytical solution, the back analyses from the results of load tests on pile foundations, together with the knowledge of pile geometries and soil parameters, provide an outline for evaluation of Gopat different load increments. This paper explains the methodology employed to ...
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A modified piezocone penetration test (CPTu) analytical solution based on spherical cavity expansion and critical state soil mechanics (SCE–CSSM) is employed for assessing yield stress, undrained shear strength, and flow parameters in... more
A modified piezocone penetration test (CPTu) analytical solution based on spherical cavity expansion and critical state soil mechanics (SCE–CSSM) is employed for assessing yield stress, undrained shear strength, and flow parameters in sensitive Leda clay at the Gloucester test site. For sensitive and structured clays, the formulation relies on the mobilized effective stress friction angle ([Formula: see text]) defined at two parts of the stress–strain curve: (i) peak stress ([Formula: see text]) and (ii) maximum obliquity ([Formula: see text]). Input parameters for assessing the overconsolidation ratio ([Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is preconsolidation stress and [Formula: see text] is current effective vertical stress) from CPTu results include: undrained rigidity index (IR= G/su, where G is shear modulus and suis undrained shear strength), plastic volumetric strain potential (Λ = 1 – (Cs/Cc), where Csis swelling index and Ccis virgin compression index), and effect...
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... CE Database Search | Descriptions | Search Tips | Subject Heading List. Ground Vibrations During Dynamic Compaction. by Paul W. Mayne pp. 247-265 Purchase Information Permissions for Reuse Document type: Conference Proceeding Paper. ...
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... Discussion of "C + α /C c Concept and K o During Secondary Compression". See original paper by Balu Iyer , (Prof. Mgr., Geocon Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering , Vol. 115 , No. 2 ,... more
... Discussion of "C + α /C c Concept and K o During Secondary Compression". See original paper by Balu Iyer , (Prof. Mgr., Geocon Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) Journal of Geotechnical Engineering , Vol. 115 , No. 2 , February 1989 , pp. ...
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Issued as final reportThis item was temporarily removed from SMARTech at the request of the Georgia Tech Research Institute on May 8, 2009.Georgia Department of Transportatio
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Proceedings of sessions of Geo-Denver 2000, held in Denver, Colorado, August 5-8, 2000. Sponsored by the Geo-Institute of ASCE. This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 17 papers introducing the most recent devices and improved... more
Proceedings of sessions of Geo-Denver 2000, held in Denver, Colorado, August 5-8, 2000. Sponsored by the Geo-Institute of ASCE. This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 17 papers introducing the most recent devices and improved means of assessing ground conditions. In situ testing provides a direct means for evaluating natural and man-made ground conditions for geotechnical site characterization. The variety of available field tests is particularly useful for designing different types of foundation systems, assessing soil liquefaction potential, and verifying soil improvement works. Many in situ tests cam provide continuous and real-time data with multiple independent readings taken within a single sounding. Topics include: in situ testing for liquefaction evaluation; novel and innovative devices; data processing and interpretation; ground improvement evaluation by in situ tests; and field tests for rock formations.
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In this study, an established effective stress limit plasticity solution for piezocone penetration tests (CPTu) in clay developed by the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) for evaluating the effective stress friction angle (ϕ′) is... more
In this study, an established effective stress limit plasticity solution for piezocone penetration tests (CPTu) in clay developed by the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) for evaluating the effective stress friction angle (ϕ′) is extended to flat plate dilatometer tests (DMT) readings. A nexus between CPTu and DMT is built through spherical cavity expansion solutions for undrained penetration to link the cone tip resistance (qt) and shoulder porewater pressure (u2) from CPTu to the measured contact pressure (p0) and expansion pressure (p1) obtained from DMT in soft to firm intact clays. Data from 49 paired sets of CPTu-DMT soundings in a variety of clays are used to support and validate the links. A variety of soils ranging from lean to plastic clays and clayey silts from marine, alluvial, lacustrine, deltaic, and glaciofluvial origins are subjected to flat DMTs, and the measurements are utilized to evaluate the effective stress friction angle (ϕ′). Data from 46 clays are compiled to examine the DMT-interpreted ϕ′ values in comparison with laboratory benchmark ϕ′ values obtained from CAUC or isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests on high-quality samples. An approximate inversion of the theoretical solution is derived to allow ϕ′ profiles to be determined with depth. Four well-documented DMT examples, including two natural clay sites and two chamber test series (one pressurized and the other unpressurized), are presented to illustrate the NTH procedures.
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An existing effective stress limit plasticity solution for piezocone penetration tests (CPTu) is calibrated to evaluate the effective stress friction angle ([Formula: see text]) for undrained conditions for a variety of fine-grained soils... more
An existing effective stress limit plasticity solution for piezocone penetration tests (CPTu) is calibrated to evaluate the effective stress friction angle ([Formula: see text]) for undrained conditions for a variety of fine-grained soils ranging from natural lean to plastic clays and clayey silts from marine, alluvial, lacustrine, deltaic, and glaciofluvial origins. Data from 105 clay sites are compiled to examine the CPTu-interpreted [Formula: see text] values in comparison with laboratory benchmark values obtained from undrained consolidated anisotropic (CAUC) and undrained compression (CIUC) triaxial tests made on undisturbed samples. An approximate inversion of the theoretical solution is developed to allow profiles of [Formula: see text] to be evaluated with depth. Five well-documented case studies in Illinois, Louisiana, South Carolina, Ireland, and Massachusetts are presented to illustrate the application of the solution. Lastly, results from 1g chamber tests involving kaoli...
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A new method based on spherical cavity expansion theory is used to interrelate data from piezocone penetration tests (CPTUs) and flat plate dilatometer tests (DMTs) in soft to firm clays. Data from 27 clay sites are shown to confirm... more
A new method based on spherical cavity expansion theory is used to interrelate data from piezocone penetration tests (CPTUs) and flat plate dilatometer tests (DMTs) in soft to firm clays. Data from 27 clay sites are shown to confirm simple links that express the CPTU net resistance and excess porewater pressure in terms of th e DMT contact pressure and expansion pressure. As a result, the derived nexus is explored to predict the effective friction angle of soft to firm clays from DMT data using an existing CPTU limit plasticity solution. Two well-documented case studies are presented to illustrate the reasonable prediction of the effective friction angle in comparison with laboratory anisotropically consolidated undrained compression triaxial test results on undisturbed samples.
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The first relates to the conversion of the cone q c value to undrained shear strength and compares a range of predicted results using recent proposals with undrained shear strengths measured separately in the field. In the second, data... more
The first relates to the conversion of the cone q c value to undrained shear strength and compares a range of predicted results using recent proposals with undrained shear strengths measured separately in the field. In the second, data form a wide range of piezocone tests is used to demonstrate that the necessary correction to the cone q c value for intact clays can be achieved without any direct measurement of porewater pressure
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Drilled Shaft Axial Design Values: Predicted Versus Measured Response in a Calcareous Clay. [ASCE Conference Proceedings 256, 108 (2002)]. WM Camp, PE, Paul W. Mayne, Ph.D, PE, Dan A. Brown, Ph.D., PE. Abstract. A ...
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ver 2 decades of calibration between the DMT and measured foundation performance records have hown its value & reliability in settlement computations (e.g., Schmertmann, 1986; Mayne & Frost, 988; Marchetti, et al. 2001). The measured... more
ver 2 decades of calibration between the DMT and measured foundation performance records have hown its value & reliability in settlement computations (e.g., Schmertmann, 1986; Mayne & Frost, 988; Marchetti, et al. 2001). The measured dilatometer modulus (ED) is converted to a constrained odulus (M') per the procedures established by Marchetti (1980). For each sublayer, the uniaxial strain an be calculated as ε = ∆σv/M' and the resulting settlement in that sublayer is simply ρ = ε ∆z. The hange in stress at each sublayer can be obtained from classical elastic theory solutions (e.g., Poulos & avis, 1970; Mayne & Poulos, 1999). Settlements from all sublayers are summed to find the total oundation settlement:
Hybrid in-situ geotechnical tests provide an optimization of data collection by combining two or more techniques into a single sounding. The seismic piezocone penetration test (SCPTu) offers a versatile approach since it is economical and... more
Hybrid in-situ geotechnical tests provide an optimization of data collection by combining two or more techniques into a single sounding. The seismic piezocone penetration test (SCPTu) offers a versatile approach since it is economical and quickly provides vertical profiles of four independent measurements with depth: cone tip resistance (q T ), sleeve friction (f s ), penetration porewater pressure (u b ), and downhole shear wave velocity (V s ). The shear wave is a fundamental nondestructive property of all solids in civil engineering that corresponds to the small-strain stiffness, designated by the shear modulus (G 0 ). Recent research shows that G 0 applies to both static and dynamic properties, as well as to both undrained and drained loading conditions in geotechnical situations. Since the traditional penetration readings from the cone correspond to failure states, an entire stress-strainstrength curve can be derived at each depth from the SCPTu results. Applications are presen...
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Proceedings of Geo-Frontiers 2005, held in Austin, Texas, January 24-26, 2005. Sponsored by the Geo-Institute of ASCE. This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 44 papers that consider site characterization as an important first step... more
Proceedings of Geo-Frontiers 2005, held in Austin, Texas, January 24-26, 2005. Sponsored by the Geo-Institute of ASCE. This Geotechnical Special Publication contains 44 papers that consider site characterization as an important first step in all geotechnical projects, given that site-specific geomaterials are hidden beneath the ground surface. The use of drilling, sampling, geophysical techniques, with in-situ and laboratory testing can be combined to develop a set of data with which to formulate a simplified representation of the subsurface geostratigraphy and related soil parameters for analysis and design. This is best handled through analytical and/or constitutive models that can help organize the collected information into a coherent and rational framework. These frameworks can guide the interpretation of soil properties and parameters, resulting in the design of foundations, tunnels, earth dams, excavations, and seismic systems that are safe, economical, and perform well. Topics include: recent improvements in three-dimensional graphical visualizations of the subsurface; remote sensing; tomographic imaging techniques; advances in laboratory testing; detection of strata interfaces and thin layers; calibration of constitutive models, as related to site characterization; and research advances to improve the ability of geotechnical engineers to map the subsurface, discern anomalous conditions, anticipate construction problems, and better predict the response of the new facilities placed on or within the ground.