Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Apr 17, 2023
Interlocking paving bricks were produced with plastic wastes and sand using heating technique wit... more Interlocking paving bricks were produced with plastic wastes and sand using heating technique without other cementing or binding agent and water. Waste single-use plastics - polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and low density polyethylene (LDPE) sachet water films used respectively were sourced from dump site, washed, air dried, melted and mixed with sand of not more than 2 mm particle size to produce interlocking paving brick (IPB). Sand-plastic mix ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 and metal mould of 190 × 90 × 90 mm dimension were used. The compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, abrasion and water-absorption test results showed that IPB from LDPE-sand composite has better mechanical performance than IPB from PET-sand composite for all the mix ratios. The IPB from LDPE-sand composite of 3:1 mix ratio had a compressive strength of 31.11 N/mm2 and water absorption of 0.33% of its dry weight whereas its PET counterpart had compressive strength of 13.1 N/mm2 and water absorption of 0.5%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and abrasion results also showed that LDPE had better compatibility with sand particles. Waste single-use plastics can be used to produce high quality interlocking paving brick without cement and water and as well reduce the menace of waste PET bottles and LDPE films in our environment.
The development of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by Grätzel in 1991 provided a reliable substi... more The development of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by Grätzel in 1991 provided a reliable substitute to p-n junction photovoltaic cell in the production of clean green energy. Synthetic dyes have been used to fabricate DSSC with conversion efficiencies higher than 14%. Environmental hazard and high cost of metal complex dyes motivated researchers to focus on using natural dyes which are cheap, available and environmentally friendly in the manufacture of DSSC. One of the major challenges of natural dye sensitized solar cell (NDSSC) is low conversion efficiency. This review highlights the working principle of DSSC and techniques used by researchers in the area of photoanode, counter electrode, sensitizer, and electrolyte to improve NDSSC energy conversion efficiency.
Coir, plantain pseudo-stem and palm mat natural fibres were collected, decorticated, spun and con... more Coir, plantain pseudo-stem and palm mat natural fibres were collected, decorticated, spun and constructed into woven and non-woven geotextile fabrics. The woven and non-woven geotextiles (40x40cm) were laid on soil surface after planting groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds in a location having a mean annual rainfall of about 2500mm, mean daily temperature range 26-27 o C, and relative humidity 70-90%. Chemical compositions of the three geotextiles and the pre-planting and post-planting properties of the soils were determined. The heights of the groundnut plants were recorded weekly for six weeks after planting .Results indicated that the three geotextiles improved the soil properties and plant growth. However, geotextiles of woven pseudo-stem fibre after six weeks had better plant growth than the others with groundnut plant height of 33.51cm. It was also observed that woven geotextiles performed better in improving the fertility of the soil more than the non-woven geotextiles except for non-woven palm mat which performed better than woven palm mat. The improvement of soil fertility provided numerous opportunities towards enhancing farmers' income through different farming system that positively influenced extension delivery.
Knowledge about the indigenous traditional woven fabrics of Nigeria reveals the extent the people... more Knowledge about the indigenous traditional woven fabrics of Nigeria reveals the extent the people have advanced in the area of weaving and clothing need. Unfortunately, the indigenous weaving culture faces threat of extinction due to the introduction of machine made fabrics. Here, double twisted and single twisted polyester yarn was used as warp and weft respectively to weave a diaper design for polyester fabric which was used for interior decoration. The diaper weave was produced using a four-shaft hand loom and the steps involved were warping, beaming, heddling or drafting, reeding/denting, tie-up/gaiting, shedding, picking and beating up. The woven diaper polyester was cut and sewn for interior decoration. The diaper twill weave design produced has a front and a back side and was found to be durable, attractive and reliable. Soiling and stains were less noticeable on the uneven surface of the diaper designed twill weave than on a smooth surface, such as plain weaves and as a resu...
A lot of interesting advancements have been witnessed within the last two decades in the clothing... more A lot of interesting advancements have been witnessed within the last two decades in the clothing and textile industry. In this review, different methods of textile finishing are hereby explained. Whereas the conventional methods of finishing including wet and dry finishing techniques are still being practiced on cotton and woolen fabrics, advanced textile finishing techniques may include functionalization using nano-coatings, surface modification using hydrolyzable silanes, enzymes, microencapsulation, and the strengthening of synthetic fibres with nano-coatings and nano-clays, to mention but a few. These techniques induce different textures and performance characteristics onto the textile materials, making them textile materials for the future, otherwise “futuristic” textiles from apparels and garments to technical textiles that respond effectively to changes within the environment and human body. This would make it possible for futuristic textiles to be widely applied in a variet...
Knowledge about the indigenous traditional woven fabrics of Nigeria reveals the extent the people... more Knowledge about the indigenous traditional woven fabrics of Nigeria reveals the extent the people have advanced in the area of weaving and clothing need. Unfortunately, the indigenous weaving culture faces threat of extinction due to the introduction of machine made fabrics. Here, double twisted and single twisted polyester yarn was used as warp and weft respectively to weave a diaper design for polyester fabric which was used for interior decoration. The diaper weave was produced using a four-shaft hand loom and the steps involved were warping, beaming, heddling or drafting, reeding/denting, tie-up/gaiting, shedding, picking and beating up. The woven diaper polyester was cut and sewn for interior decoration. The diaper twill weave design produced has a front and a back side and was found to be durable, attractive and reliable. Soiling and stains were less noticeable on the uneven surface of the diaper designed twill weave than on a smooth surface, such as plain weaves and as a result makes them suitable for sturdy work clothing, draperies/curtains, durable upholsteries and furnishings. The fewer interlacing in this design as compared to other weaves allow the yarns to move more freely, and therefore they are softer and more pliable, and drape better than most plain-weave textiles. This design also recovers from creasing better than plain weaves do.
Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50˚C using sodium chloride (NaC... more Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50˚C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of the UV-Vis spectrosco-py indicated that colour yield of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 reduced when more than 1% (acid) and 5% (salt) concentration were used respectively for dyeing. NaCl however had the most inhibitive effect on the dye colour yield. The adsorption kinetics mechanism result fitted the pseudo-second-order-kinetic model with R 2 of 0.993.
Extraction of dye from dry fruit of Rothmannia whitfieldii was carried out using four different e... more Extraction of dye from dry fruit of Rothmannia whitfieldii was carried out using four different extraction methods. Solvent and acid extraction methods gave a colourless supernatant solution after extraction time of 45 minutes at 60˚C. The alkali method gave a deep brown coloured supernatant solution while the aqueous method gave a dark coloured supernatant solution after extraction under the same conditions. From the result of the FTIR spectros-copy characterization of the coloured solutions and the dry powder of Roth-mannia whitfieldii fruit, it was observed that only the alkali method extracted what can be called a dye with likely presence of tannins. The result also showed that the possible functional groups present in the supernatant solution after aqueous extraction are same with the functional groups present in the dry pulverized Rothmannia whitfieldii fruit. Hence, aqueous method did not extract any dye. Similarly, a mixture of the solution after aqueous extraction with drops of alkali solution produced a deep brown coloured solution indicating solubility of the dye component in alkali media.
The renewed interest in natural dyes across the globe is due to the obvious reasons of environmen... more The renewed interest in natural dyes across the globe is due to the obvious reasons of environmental hazards and toxic effects of synthetic dyes to the ecosystem. Unfortunately, most natural dye yielding plants and their properties are neither known nor documented. In this research work, dyes were extracted from locally prepared Baphia nitida plant cakes (uhie) and dry Rothmannia whitfieldii fruit (uri). Solvents used for the extraction are water, alkali, organic acid and organic solvent at 27°C and 65°C with a material to liquor ratio of 1:50. It was found that only sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution extracted dye from both plant sources while isopropanol ((CH 3) 2 CHOH) solvent extracted only from uhie. More dye was extracted at 65°C and the visible spectrophotometer gave results of wavelength of maximum absorption of the dye extracted using sodium hydroxide solution were 620nm for uhie dye and 670nm for uri dye. Analysis of dye extracts in the area of fabric dyeing using alum (KAl(SO 4) 2 .12H 2 O) as mordant and sodium dithionite (Na 2 S 2 O 4) as reducing agent, FTIR spectroscopy, colour fastness to washing and rubbing, indicated that both uri and uhie dyes may be direct dyes. Both dyes do not necessarily require mordant and reducing agents to dye cotton fabric at 27°C and 60°C.Better dye shades were obtained at 27°C for Uri dyes. From FTIR spectroscopy the possible presence of conjugated double bonds were observed in both dyes and tannins only in uri dye. Also both dyes did not stain adjacent cotton fabric during washing.
Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Apr 17, 2023
Interlocking paving bricks were produced with plastic wastes and sand using heating technique wit... more Interlocking paving bricks were produced with plastic wastes and sand using heating technique without other cementing or binding agent and water. Waste single-use plastics - polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and low density polyethylene (LDPE) sachet water films used respectively were sourced from dump site, washed, air dried, melted and mixed with sand of not more than 2 mm particle size to produce interlocking paving brick (IPB). Sand-plastic mix ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 and metal mould of 190 × 90 × 90 mm dimension were used. The compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, abrasion and water-absorption test results showed that IPB from LDPE-sand composite has better mechanical performance than IPB from PET-sand composite for all the mix ratios. The IPB from LDPE-sand composite of 3:1 mix ratio had a compressive strength of 31.11 N/mm2 and water absorption of 0.33% of its dry weight whereas its PET counterpart had compressive strength of 13.1 N/mm2 and water absorption of 0.5%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and abrasion results also showed that LDPE had better compatibility with sand particles. Waste single-use plastics can be used to produce high quality interlocking paving brick without cement and water and as well reduce the menace of waste PET bottles and LDPE films in our environment.
The development of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by Grätzel in 1991 provided a reliable substi... more The development of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by Grätzel in 1991 provided a reliable substitute to p-n junction photovoltaic cell in the production of clean green energy. Synthetic dyes have been used to fabricate DSSC with conversion efficiencies higher than 14%. Environmental hazard and high cost of metal complex dyes motivated researchers to focus on using natural dyes which are cheap, available and environmentally friendly in the manufacture of DSSC. One of the major challenges of natural dye sensitized solar cell (NDSSC) is low conversion efficiency. This review highlights the working principle of DSSC and techniques used by researchers in the area of photoanode, counter electrode, sensitizer, and electrolyte to improve NDSSC energy conversion efficiency.
Coir, plantain pseudo-stem and palm mat natural fibres were collected, decorticated, spun and con... more Coir, plantain pseudo-stem and palm mat natural fibres were collected, decorticated, spun and constructed into woven and non-woven geotextile fabrics. The woven and non-woven geotextiles (40x40cm) were laid on soil surface after planting groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) seeds in a location having a mean annual rainfall of about 2500mm, mean daily temperature range 26-27 o C, and relative humidity 70-90%. Chemical compositions of the three geotextiles and the pre-planting and post-planting properties of the soils were determined. The heights of the groundnut plants were recorded weekly for six weeks after planting .Results indicated that the three geotextiles improved the soil properties and plant growth. However, geotextiles of woven pseudo-stem fibre after six weeks had better plant growth than the others with groundnut plant height of 33.51cm. It was also observed that woven geotextiles performed better in improving the fertility of the soil more than the non-woven geotextiles except for non-woven palm mat which performed better than woven palm mat. The improvement of soil fertility provided numerous opportunities towards enhancing farmers' income through different farming system that positively influenced extension delivery.
Knowledge about the indigenous traditional woven fabrics of Nigeria reveals the extent the people... more Knowledge about the indigenous traditional woven fabrics of Nigeria reveals the extent the people have advanced in the area of weaving and clothing need. Unfortunately, the indigenous weaving culture faces threat of extinction due to the introduction of machine made fabrics. Here, double twisted and single twisted polyester yarn was used as warp and weft respectively to weave a diaper design for polyester fabric which was used for interior decoration. The diaper weave was produced using a four-shaft hand loom and the steps involved were warping, beaming, heddling or drafting, reeding/denting, tie-up/gaiting, shedding, picking and beating up. The woven diaper polyester was cut and sewn for interior decoration. The diaper twill weave design produced has a front and a back side and was found to be durable, attractive and reliable. Soiling and stains were less noticeable on the uneven surface of the diaper designed twill weave than on a smooth surface, such as plain weaves and as a resu...
A lot of interesting advancements have been witnessed within the last two decades in the clothing... more A lot of interesting advancements have been witnessed within the last two decades in the clothing and textile industry. In this review, different methods of textile finishing are hereby explained. Whereas the conventional methods of finishing including wet and dry finishing techniques are still being practiced on cotton and woolen fabrics, advanced textile finishing techniques may include functionalization using nano-coatings, surface modification using hydrolyzable silanes, enzymes, microencapsulation, and the strengthening of synthetic fibres with nano-coatings and nano-clays, to mention but a few. These techniques induce different textures and performance characteristics onto the textile materials, making them textile materials for the future, otherwise “futuristic” textiles from apparels and garments to technical textiles that respond effectively to changes within the environment and human body. This would make it possible for futuristic textiles to be widely applied in a variet...
Knowledge about the indigenous traditional woven fabrics of Nigeria reveals the extent the people... more Knowledge about the indigenous traditional woven fabrics of Nigeria reveals the extent the people have advanced in the area of weaving and clothing need. Unfortunately, the indigenous weaving culture faces threat of extinction due to the introduction of machine made fabrics. Here, double twisted and single twisted polyester yarn was used as warp and weft respectively to weave a diaper design for polyester fabric which was used for interior decoration. The diaper weave was produced using a four-shaft hand loom and the steps involved were warping, beaming, heddling or drafting, reeding/denting, tie-up/gaiting, shedding, picking and beating up. The woven diaper polyester was cut and sewn for interior decoration. The diaper twill weave design produced has a front and a back side and was found to be durable, attractive and reliable. Soiling and stains were less noticeable on the uneven surface of the diaper designed twill weave than on a smooth surface, such as plain weaves and as a result makes them suitable for sturdy work clothing, draperies/curtains, durable upholsteries and furnishings. The fewer interlacing in this design as compared to other weaves allow the yarns to move more freely, and therefore they are softer and more pliable, and drape better than most plain-weave textiles. This design also recovers from creasing better than plain weaves do.
Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50˚C using sodium chloride (NaC... more Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50˚C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of the UV-Vis spectrosco-py indicated that colour yield of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 reduced when more than 1% (acid) and 5% (salt) concentration were used respectively for dyeing. NaCl however had the most inhibitive effect on the dye colour yield. The adsorption kinetics mechanism result fitted the pseudo-second-order-kinetic model with R 2 of 0.993.
Extraction of dye from dry fruit of Rothmannia whitfieldii was carried out using four different e... more Extraction of dye from dry fruit of Rothmannia whitfieldii was carried out using four different extraction methods. Solvent and acid extraction methods gave a colourless supernatant solution after extraction time of 45 minutes at 60˚C. The alkali method gave a deep brown coloured supernatant solution while the aqueous method gave a dark coloured supernatant solution after extraction under the same conditions. From the result of the FTIR spectros-copy characterization of the coloured solutions and the dry powder of Roth-mannia whitfieldii fruit, it was observed that only the alkali method extracted what can be called a dye with likely presence of tannins. The result also showed that the possible functional groups present in the supernatant solution after aqueous extraction are same with the functional groups present in the dry pulverized Rothmannia whitfieldii fruit. Hence, aqueous method did not extract any dye. Similarly, a mixture of the solution after aqueous extraction with drops of alkali solution produced a deep brown coloured solution indicating solubility of the dye component in alkali media.
The renewed interest in natural dyes across the globe is due to the obvious reasons of environmen... more The renewed interest in natural dyes across the globe is due to the obvious reasons of environmental hazards and toxic effects of synthetic dyes to the ecosystem. Unfortunately, most natural dye yielding plants and their properties are neither known nor documented. In this research work, dyes were extracted from locally prepared Baphia nitida plant cakes (uhie) and dry Rothmannia whitfieldii fruit (uri). Solvents used for the extraction are water, alkali, organic acid and organic solvent at 27°C and 65°C with a material to liquor ratio of 1:50. It was found that only sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution extracted dye from both plant sources while isopropanol ((CH 3) 2 CHOH) solvent extracted only from uhie. More dye was extracted at 65°C and the visible spectrophotometer gave results of wavelength of maximum absorption of the dye extracted using sodium hydroxide solution were 620nm for uhie dye and 670nm for uri dye. Analysis of dye extracts in the area of fabric dyeing using alum (KAl(SO 4) 2 .12H 2 O) as mordant and sodium dithionite (Na 2 S 2 O 4) as reducing agent, FTIR spectroscopy, colour fastness to washing and rubbing, indicated that both uri and uhie dyes may be direct dyes. Both dyes do not necessarily require mordant and reducing agents to dye cotton fabric at 27°C and 60°C.Better dye shades were obtained at 27°C for Uri dyes. From FTIR spectroscopy the possible presence of conjugated double bonds were observed in both dyes and tannins only in uri dye. Also both dyes did not stain adjacent cotton fabric during washing.
Uploads
Papers