Democratization and the Resurgence of Military Regimes in West Africa, 2024
Democratization as a process and global phenomenon is being undermined in West Africa as a result... more Democratization as a process and global phenomenon is being undermined in West Africa as a result of a spate of military interregnum in recent times. The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s ushered in a period of dramatic transition to civil rule globally and in West Africa in particular, during which the military class returned to the barracks to undertake the professional role of preserving and protecting the territorial integrity of a nation. The paper attempts to examine the key factors that propel the return of the military to the political scene in the subregion through the forceful seizure of power from the democratically elected governments in the Niger Republic, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Guinea. Some of the reasons put forward by the coup plotters include tenure elongation, insecurity, economic crisis, and unnecessary interference in domestic affairs by the Western powers, especially France. This paper is guided by the frustration-aggression theory. The paper used qualitative data and content analysis as its methodology. The paper found that there is consensus among the military officers that took over power in some West African countries that economic mismanagement, security challenges, corruption, and maladministration account for the military takeover in the sub-region. The paper recommends that the political elite should be mindful of the needs and aspirations of the people and work towards evolving an economically prosperous and peaceful polity, which is the panacea to military intervention.
Jalingo Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 2023
Series of events and developments in the complex relationship between the European Union (EU) and... more Series of events and developments in the complex relationship between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) led to the 2016 Brexit referendum which ushered Britain's official withdrawal from the EU on 30 th January, 2020. The study explores the issues and challenges that triggered Britain's departure from the European Union. The study used secondary data from books, articles, policy documents and bilateral briefings. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The study is guided by the Integration Theory of international relations. The findings of the study showed that Brexit was driven by numerous issues, including disparities in development, sovereignty, inequality, anti-immigration movement, populism, and British national identity. Additionally, the paper presents various challenges the United Kingdom encountered during Brexit's negotiation process and in its post-Brexit journey. Based on the findings, the study recommends that EU should review its existing laws to prevent unnecessary exit by any member state, and as well encourage member countries to retain peculiar priorities to ensure unity in diversity in order to strengthen the European integration project.
The Implications of the International Criminal Court Rulings on African Leaders: A Critical Assessment, 2023
he International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to deal with the unabated global cases of w... more he International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to deal with the unabated global cases of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and to deter intending war lords and Ta uthoritarian leaders. The activities of the court have increasingly been beamed on Africa because of the incessant conflicts pervading the continent with accompanying violation of human rights. The unnecessary search light on Africa raises questions of selective treatment by the court and the need to ensure equity in its global coverage of crimes against humanity. The paper utilized secondary data and qualitative analysis as its methodology. The paper is premised on Finnis (1980) Interest Theory of Human Rights. The theory argued that citizens within a given state have rights that should be preserved and protected by the state. The rights of the citizens such as freedom of speech, security, assembly, association and self-determination are their interest which the state should not violate. The paper found that African leaders have become the major source of intimidation and degradation by the court, while leaders in the Middle East and Europe are left scotfree. The paper recommends that African countries should collectively pull out of the signatory to the court as a protest to the bullying of the continent.
The Effect of Public Opinion on the Formulation and Implementation of Foreign Policy in Nigeria, 2021
Basically every state actor in the international system has an outline of action it pursues as it... more Basically every state actor in the international system has an outline of action it pursues as it relates with other states. Sometimes internal or external factors affect the formulation and implementation of foreign policy of a nation which translates to an aggregate agenda which determines the worldview of a state as it interacts with other sovereign states. This study examines the contributions of Nigerian citizens to the formulation and implementation of her foreign policy. Qualitative data and content analysis is adopted as methodology for this paper. Elite Theory put forward by Mosca (1939) is adopted as the guide for the paper. Elite Theory emphasizes the dominance of the ruling class in policy formulation and implementation thereby marginalizing other groups in the society. The paper found out that to a large extent political leaders and government officials influence the formulation and implementation of foreign policy in Nigeria, even though there are instances in which individuals, civil society organizations, political parties and the media shape foreign policy outcome in Nigeria which this paper intended to examine. The paper recommends that the government should create an enabling environment for citizens to contribute to foreign policy initiatives, through that medium public opinion will serve as a democratic pillar in driving forward the interest of the people and make government accountable.
Democratization and the Resurgence of Military Regimes in West Africa, 2024
Democratization as a process and global phenomenon is being undermined in West Africa as a result... more Democratization as a process and global phenomenon is being undermined in West Africa as a result of a spate of military interregnum in recent times. The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s ushered in a period of dramatic transition to civil rule globally and in West Africa in particular, during which the military class returned to the barracks to undertake the professional role of preserving and protecting the territorial integrity of a nation. The paper attempts to examine the key factors that propel the return of the military to the political scene in the subregion through the forceful seizure of power from the democratically elected governments in the Niger Republic, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Guinea. Some of the reasons put forward by the coup plotters include tenure elongation, insecurity, economic crisis, and unnecessary interference in domestic affairs by the Western powers, especially France. This paper is guided by the frustration-aggression theory. The paper used qualitative data and content analysis as its methodology. The paper found that there is consensus among the military officers that took over power in some West African countries that economic mismanagement, security challenges, corruption, and maladministration account for the military takeover in the sub-region. The paper recommends that the political elite should be mindful of the needs and aspirations of the people and work towards evolving an economically prosperous and peaceful polity, which is the panacea to military intervention.
Jalingo Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 2023
Series of events and developments in the complex relationship between the European Union (EU) and... more Series of events and developments in the complex relationship between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) led to the 2016 Brexit referendum which ushered Britain's official withdrawal from the EU on 30 th January, 2020. The study explores the issues and challenges that triggered Britain's departure from the European Union. The study used secondary data from books, articles, policy documents and bilateral briefings. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The study is guided by the Integration Theory of international relations. The findings of the study showed that Brexit was driven by numerous issues, including disparities in development, sovereignty, inequality, anti-immigration movement, populism, and British national identity. Additionally, the paper presents various challenges the United Kingdom encountered during Brexit's negotiation process and in its post-Brexit journey. Based on the findings, the study recommends that EU should review its existing laws to prevent unnecessary exit by any member state, and as well encourage member countries to retain peculiar priorities to ensure unity in diversity in order to strengthen the European integration project.
The Implications of the International Criminal Court Rulings on African Leaders: A Critical Assessment, 2023
he International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to deal with the unabated global cases of w... more he International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to deal with the unabated global cases of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and to deter intending war lords and Ta uthoritarian leaders. The activities of the court have increasingly been beamed on Africa because of the incessant conflicts pervading the continent with accompanying violation of human rights. The unnecessary search light on Africa raises questions of selective treatment by the court and the need to ensure equity in its global coverage of crimes against humanity. The paper utilized secondary data and qualitative analysis as its methodology. The paper is premised on Finnis (1980) Interest Theory of Human Rights. The theory argued that citizens within a given state have rights that should be preserved and protected by the state. The rights of the citizens such as freedom of speech, security, assembly, association and self-determination are their interest which the state should not violate. The paper found that African leaders have become the major source of intimidation and degradation by the court, while leaders in the Middle East and Europe are left scotfree. The paper recommends that African countries should collectively pull out of the signatory to the court as a protest to the bullying of the continent.
The Effect of Public Opinion on the Formulation and Implementation of Foreign Policy in Nigeria, 2021
Basically every state actor in the international system has an outline of action it pursues as it... more Basically every state actor in the international system has an outline of action it pursues as it relates with other states. Sometimes internal or external factors affect the formulation and implementation of foreign policy of a nation which translates to an aggregate agenda which determines the worldview of a state as it interacts with other sovereign states. This study examines the contributions of Nigerian citizens to the formulation and implementation of her foreign policy. Qualitative data and content analysis is adopted as methodology for this paper. Elite Theory put forward by Mosca (1939) is adopted as the guide for the paper. Elite Theory emphasizes the dominance of the ruling class in policy formulation and implementation thereby marginalizing other groups in the society. The paper found out that to a large extent political leaders and government officials influence the formulation and implementation of foreign policy in Nigeria, even though there are instances in which individuals, civil society organizations, political parties and the media shape foreign policy outcome in Nigeria which this paper intended to examine. The paper recommends that the government should create an enabling environment for citizens to contribute to foreign policy initiatives, through that medium public opinion will serve as a democratic pillar in driving forward the interest of the people and make government accountable.
Concept and Practice of International Civil Service and Administration, 2022
driven by imperialism and arms race depicted the level of tension and insecurity which beclouded ... more driven by imperialism and arms race depicted the level of tension and insecurity which beclouded the international system. The precarious situation in Europe that led to the outbreak of World War II dictated by the realist posture of statesmen warranted the need for the creation of the United Nations Organization in 1945 for collective security, conflict management, disarmament and free trade among nations (Johari, 2012). Earlier on, in the Greek City States, there was the existence of an international governmental organization known as the Delian League. According to Jacobson (1979, p. 9): The Delian League had a relatively long life. It was founded in 478B.C. and was not disbanded until 404 B.C. Then it was recreated in 378-377 B.C and remained in being until 338 B.C. At times during its existence, the Delian League became more an instrument for Athenian domination than a mechanism for collaboration among autonomous allies.
HISBAH AND THE FIGHT AGAINST CRIME IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: FOCUS ON KANO STATE, 2021
The return to democratic rule in 1999 provided space for the resurgence of hitherto constrained o... more The return to democratic rule in 1999 provided space for the resurgence of hitherto constrained opinions and grudges under military regimes to resuscitate. Democracy engenders freedom, liberty and respect of human rights. The debate over the implementation of Shari'ah legal system in Nigeria has been a serious debate across the country.
Uploads
Papers