At the reveille of dynasty XIX, Seti I inherited an Asiatic Empire that was, in truth, no more th... more At the reveille of dynasty XIX, Seti I inherited an Asiatic Empire that was, in truth, no more than an Egyptian sphere of influence in that region. This pharaoh invested in military campaigns, understanding the importance of permanent control of coastal and strategic cities around the Mediterranean, creating, de facto, an Asiatic Empire. This control was based on constant military occupation and set the tone for the second and third pharaohs of this dynasty. The new persistent dominion over Asiatic lands is illustrated by stelae celebrating the victories of Seti I in Western Asia, the central focus of this study, that firstly intends to present and analyze the supra-mentioned monuments, describing them, and when possible, present their inscriptions, and addressing the very relevant question that was on the genesis of their own creation: how important the Asiatic lands became to Egypt.
Ancient Egyptian furniture has long amazed the World. Books and articles about it have been print... more Ancient Egyptian furniture has long amazed the World. Books and articles about it have been printed throughout the last century and a half, and the reason is mostly connected to the artistry of the final product, so dissimilar from what is usually found nowadays on most places. Following this tradition however intending to add a more detailed analyzes of the chosen furniture, the present essay will focus on two chairs, dated from the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt and, as the first centenary of the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamun will be on November the 4 th of 2022, the two pieces were selected from the funerary paraphernalia found inside KV 62. This essay, therefore, proposes to present a detailed material analysis of the components of the so-called "Ecclesiastical Throne" of Tutankhamun, in order to establish a comprehensive connection to what was intended to transmit on a symbolical level. The hypothesis departs from the notion that the belief systems, which encompasses myths, symbolism and even magic, were an integral part of Egyptian culture and were infused in all that was produced by this Civilization. The proposal of this essay will be to through a careful analysis of the material, including the iconography seen in one of the chairs, present the most probable symbolism that was intended to be understood when the chairs were both in the Land of Horus and proceeded with its owner to the Realm of Osiris, in his final voyage to the World of the Occidentals.
We invite scholars to send us their articles and/or reviews! RES ANTIQUITATIS is an editorial pro... more We invite scholars to send us their articles and/or reviews! RES ANTIQUITATIS is an editorial project of the Centre for the Humanities (CHAM) that aims to become a space for interdisciplinary reflection and debate on Antiquity.
UID/HIS/04666/2013It has been a transversal trait of most civilizations, a fact not expressively ... more UID/HIS/04666/2013It has been a transversal trait of most civilizations, a fact not expressively mentioned for its customary recurrence, the practice of transporting on one’s neck, or body, protective elements, such as amulets (sA, mkt) or even talismans (wDA). Now- adays one usually sees silver– or gold–made symbols imbued with amuletic properties: one’s need for their day–to–day belief system and life. In ancient Egypt that would simply not be done! Perhaps the most outstanding examples, and so the more recognizable, are some of the pieces that were found inside KV 62, that the glazed eyes of our modern world cal- led jewels. In this essay, we do propose to take a closer look and make a careful analytical deconstruction of the so–called jewels to arrive at their components, considering both their separate constituent elements, the incrusted stones and other materials, their organization and repetition patterns and their undeniable religious connections.Even more, we propose to ana...
UID/HIS/04666/2019On the twenty-ninth year of Tuthmoses III reign, a new rebellion against the ce... more UID/HIS/04666/2019On the twenty-ninth year of Tuthmoses III reign, a new rebellion against the central power of Egypt started on the distant lands of Lebanon. In a swift strategic move, the pharaoh sent his army through the Mediterranean, bypassing Canaan and appearing in what might have felt as a blink of an eye in the Lebanon coast, conquering Ullaza and Ardata. This move was not a novelty for the ancient Egyptians of the New Kingdom, it had been used before, although more as a strategy to circumvent the mighty Mitanni, however never as a persistent military offensive tactic. What one proposes to present in this paper is exactly what could have changed on the Egyptian mind to generate such a different set of tactical responses? Is the answer in the view the pharaoh had of the world and the way Egypt should act on it to protect itself? What about the use of new military strategies, where did they come from? Was it a legacy from a country that had to forge its unity once again a cen...
UID/HIS/04666/2013Pretende-se estudar noções de “Tempo Mítico” e “Tempo Real”, “Tempo Linear” e “... more UID/HIS/04666/2013Pretende-se estudar noções de “Tempo Mítico” e “Tempo Real”, “Tempo Linear” e “Tempo Cíclico”. Ao mesmo Tempo, será possível estudar conceitos como “Manipulação de Memória”, “Memória Colectiva” e “Memória Individual” aplicados à civilização do Antigo Egipto.publishersversionpublishe
VIIIth European Conference of Egyptologists: CECE8, 2020
The publication provides an overview of current research and its perspectives covering various sp... more The publication provides an overview of current research and its perspectives covering various spheres of interest in present-day Egyptology and a scholarly discussion on various approaches to studies of ancient Egypt in all its aspects and forms. The reader may find 26 papers, including those on pottery, sculpture, language, history, architecture, religion and religious texts, views on empire creation, loyalism and more detailed pieces on amulets, museum collections, household religion and the concept of sin, children’s magical protection, religion mirrored in twenty-first dynasty personal correspondence, Esna, the group-statue of Pendua and Nefertari Kushite architectural programmes, the settlement at Tell Nabasha, the Saite-Persian cemetery at Abusir, project presentation and aegyptiaca in Portugal. Many of the issues were discussed during the Eighth European Conference of Egyptologists. Egypt 2017: Research Perspectives that was hosted by the New University of Lisbon and collaborator institutions in Portugal. The series of European meetings of Egyptologists was initiated in Warsaw in 1999. The Second and Third symposia were also held in Warsaw in 2001 and 2004, and the Fourth conference was organised in Budapest in 2006. The Fifth Conference was organised in Pułtusk in 2009, and the Sixth in Cracow, and the Seventh in Zagreb. The book is edited in co-operation by M.H. Trindade Lopes, J. Popielska-Grzybowska, J. Iwaszczuk and R.G. Gurgel Pereira.
At the reveille of dynasty XIX, Seti I inherited an Asiatic Empire that was, in truth, no more th... more At the reveille of dynasty XIX, Seti I inherited an Asiatic Empire that was, in truth, no more than an Egyptian sphere of influence in that region. This pharaoh invested in military campaigns, understanding the importance of permanent control of coastal and strategic cities around the Mediterranean, creating, de facto, an Asiatic Empire. This control was based on constant military occupation and set the tone for the second and third pharaohs of this dynasty. The new persistent dominion over Asiatic lands is illustrated by stelae celebrating the victories of Seti I in Western Asia, the central focus of this study, that firstly intends to present and analyze the supra-mentioned monuments, describing them, and when possible, present their inscriptions, and addressing the very relevant question that was on the genesis of their own creation: how important the Asiatic lands became to Egypt.
Ancient Egyptian furniture has long amazed the World. Books and articles about it have been print... more Ancient Egyptian furniture has long amazed the World. Books and articles about it have been printed throughout the last century and a half, and the reason is mostly connected to the artistry of the final product, so dissimilar from what is usually found nowadays on most places. Following this tradition however intending to add a more detailed analyzes of the chosen furniture, the present essay will focus on two chairs, dated from the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt and, as the first centenary of the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamun will be on November the 4 th of 2022, the two pieces were selected from the funerary paraphernalia found inside KV 62. This essay, therefore, proposes to present a detailed material analysis of the components of the so-called "Ecclesiastical Throne" of Tutankhamun, in order to establish a comprehensive connection to what was intended to transmit on a symbolical level. The hypothesis departs from the notion that the belief systems, which encompasses myths, symbolism and even magic, were an integral part of Egyptian culture and were infused in all that was produced by this Civilization. The proposal of this essay will be to through a careful analysis of the material, including the iconography seen in one of the chairs, present the most probable symbolism that was intended to be understood when the chairs were both in the Land of Horus and proceeded with its owner to the Realm of Osiris, in his final voyage to the World of the Occidentals.
We invite scholars to send us their articles and/or reviews! RES ANTIQUITATIS is an editorial pro... more We invite scholars to send us their articles and/or reviews! RES ANTIQUITATIS is an editorial project of the Centre for the Humanities (CHAM) that aims to become a space for interdisciplinary reflection and debate on Antiquity.
UID/HIS/04666/2013It has been a transversal trait of most civilizations, a fact not expressively ... more UID/HIS/04666/2013It has been a transversal trait of most civilizations, a fact not expressively mentioned for its customary recurrence, the practice of transporting on one’s neck, or body, protective elements, such as amulets (sA, mkt) or even talismans (wDA). Now- adays one usually sees silver– or gold–made symbols imbued with amuletic properties: one’s need for their day–to–day belief system and life. In ancient Egypt that would simply not be done! Perhaps the most outstanding examples, and so the more recognizable, are some of the pieces that were found inside KV 62, that the glazed eyes of our modern world cal- led jewels. In this essay, we do propose to take a closer look and make a careful analytical deconstruction of the so–called jewels to arrive at their components, considering both their separate constituent elements, the incrusted stones and other materials, their organization and repetition patterns and their undeniable religious connections.Even more, we propose to ana...
UID/HIS/04666/2019On the twenty-ninth year of Tuthmoses III reign, a new rebellion against the ce... more UID/HIS/04666/2019On the twenty-ninth year of Tuthmoses III reign, a new rebellion against the central power of Egypt started on the distant lands of Lebanon. In a swift strategic move, the pharaoh sent his army through the Mediterranean, bypassing Canaan and appearing in what might have felt as a blink of an eye in the Lebanon coast, conquering Ullaza and Ardata. This move was not a novelty for the ancient Egyptians of the New Kingdom, it had been used before, although more as a strategy to circumvent the mighty Mitanni, however never as a persistent military offensive tactic. What one proposes to present in this paper is exactly what could have changed on the Egyptian mind to generate such a different set of tactical responses? Is the answer in the view the pharaoh had of the world and the way Egypt should act on it to protect itself? What about the use of new military strategies, where did they come from? Was it a legacy from a country that had to forge its unity once again a cen...
UID/HIS/04666/2013Pretende-se estudar noções de “Tempo Mítico” e “Tempo Real”, “Tempo Linear” e “... more UID/HIS/04666/2013Pretende-se estudar noções de “Tempo Mítico” e “Tempo Real”, “Tempo Linear” e “Tempo Cíclico”. Ao mesmo Tempo, será possível estudar conceitos como “Manipulação de Memória”, “Memória Colectiva” e “Memória Individual” aplicados à civilização do Antigo Egipto.publishersversionpublishe
VIIIth European Conference of Egyptologists: CECE8, 2020
The publication provides an overview of current research and its perspectives covering various sp... more The publication provides an overview of current research and its perspectives covering various spheres of interest in present-day Egyptology and a scholarly discussion on various approaches to studies of ancient Egypt in all its aspects and forms. The reader may find 26 papers, including those on pottery, sculpture, language, history, architecture, religion and religious texts, views on empire creation, loyalism and more detailed pieces on amulets, museum collections, household religion and the concept of sin, children’s magical protection, religion mirrored in twenty-first dynasty personal correspondence, Esna, the group-statue of Pendua and Nefertari Kushite architectural programmes, the settlement at Tell Nabasha, the Saite-Persian cemetery at Abusir, project presentation and aegyptiaca in Portugal. Many of the issues were discussed during the Eighth European Conference of Egyptologists. Egypt 2017: Research Perspectives that was hosted by the New University of Lisbon and collaborator institutions in Portugal. The series of European meetings of Egyptologists was initiated in Warsaw in 1999. The Second and Third symposia were also held in Warsaw in 2001 and 2004, and the Fourth conference was organised in Budapest in 2006. The Fifth Conference was organised in Pułtusk in 2009, and the Sixth in Cracow, and the Seventh in Zagreb. The book is edited in co-operation by M.H. Trindade Lopes, J. Popielska-Grzybowska, J. Iwaszczuk and R.G. Gurgel Pereira.
For more than thirty centuries pharaohs built relentlessly cities for the living and the dead alo... more For more than thirty centuries pharaohs built relentlessly cities for the living and the dead along the Nile and beyond it. From the ancient and mystic Uaset to the Ramesside dynasty Per-Ramesses, countless cities were built, rebuilt and vanished in the sands of history but almost none acquired the mythological status of Akhetaten, the Horizon of the Aten, today commonly known as Tell El-Amarna, or simply Amarna, maybe because of it’s sudden appearance and short lived inhabitance, or perhaps because of the dream that materialized her and all the people that tried to built something so much different.
The biographical material on this city and its pharaoh is considerable, it is a recurrent theme, both in scientific and in fiction literature, but the present book offers an exquisite view on the most pure and scientific aspects of the subject, one that could not be ignored, and presented by no other than Professor Barry Kemp who is conducting excavations and research in Amarna since 1977, a personal work history that is bound to provide one with amazing details about the subject. Well-known Egyptologist, Barry Kemp is a Professor in Egyptology in the University of Cambridge. His services on the fields of education, archaeology and international relations in Egypt were acknowledged in 2011 by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, who presented Professor Barry Kemp with a most distinguished honor, a CBE.
The book in review is quite a find. The amount of information is priceless and above all is absolutely based in archaeological findings, therefore facts, and a dialogue between those findings, something that gives a bit of fresh air to the “Amarna History”. [...]
The present dissertation reflects the compilation of an essentially bibliographic and iconographi... more The present dissertation reflects the compilation of an essentially bibliographic and iconographic study contemplating twelve pieces of furniture dating from the ancient Egypt, New Kingdom Period. It is firstly presented a brief study of the materials used for the construction of the various furniture pieces produced in the upper mentioned historical period and subsequently analyzed the material symbolic aspects. It is also summarily presented some of the construction techniques adopted for the construction of ritual and domestic furniture during the dynasties XVIII -XX. One then follows to the analyses of these twelve objects regarding its material composition and eventual symbolic meaning, based on the prior conducted research. This part is presented in two chapters. Several questions are raised throughout this study, being the pressing "Has there been transfer of home furnishings to the funerary context " and "Would the funerary contents have had furniture exclusively made for this purpose”. The findings will show compared data from the universe of the chosen furniture and will offer some explanatory hypotheses regarding the present subject.
This document presents a comprehensive compilation of ancient Egyptian foods consumed during the ... more This document presents a comprehensive compilation of ancient Egyptian foods consumed during the dynastic period. It starts with an analyses of Bread and Beer, followed by Fish, several types of meat, their conservation and cooking techniques, Fruit and Vegetables, Condiments, fat, oil, honey, cakes and finally wine.
It is also analyzed the food in its Social and Religious Contexts.
This document presents a comprehensive development of Ancient Egyptian Cities and Villages since ... more This document presents a comprehensive development of Ancient Egyptian Cities and Villages since the Pre-Dynasti to the New Kingdom. It is also analyzed comparatively several workers villages from different periods and the urban plan of Tell el-Amarna.
In the second part the house and its furnitures are the subject of interest. They are studied regarding three different sources: the Middle Kingdom Funerary Models; the New Kingdom Tomb paintings; the immensely rich information compiled from the archaeological excavations of the past two centuries in Egypt.
Egyptians were always severe about their own dichotomies. This characterized their society and wa... more Egyptians were always severe about their own dichotomies. This characterized their society and was a source of equilibrium, of maat. One could focus on several aspects that made the People of the Nile a Civilization, but one tends to stand out. This paper intends to establish that one of the civilizational pillars of Ancient Egypt was a profound belief in magic and its power, and for the benefit of its power and protection, some of Egyptian otherwise rigid views could be slightly ignored. To explore the weight of magic, central to Ancient Egyptian Civilization, one will analyse and present elements of the extraordinary tales of Papyrus Westcar that illustrate its importance on a most special occasion where magic and foresight played a pivotal role on the very succession of the Throne of Horus. The use and practice of magic, although a fairly common exercise, was, however, quite a sensitive and difficult subject. Perhaps for that, the Egyptian duality seemed to fade when magic was concerned and the question " how could a foreigner be welcomed, loved, desired and even invited to stay ad eternum inside the dominions of the Two Lands, on the midst of this civilization? " seemed to loose all its importance when one is talking about magicians and wizards. This was clearly stated by Donadoni and introduces another subject that this paper proposes to explore, and eventually answer: " The curious case where the classification of foreigners as uncivilized people, and Egyptians as civilized, was not applied to some [the foreigner magicians] ". The exploration of this question will help understand the importance of magic to the ancient Egyptian Civilization and will contribute to clarify how this so non-terran subject was in fact, as others that transcended human comprehension, at the core of this society who flourished for more than three millennia.
Of all the dimensional concepts manipulated by ancient Egyptians, perhaps time was one of the mos... more Of all the dimensional concepts manipulated by ancient Egyptians, perhaps time was one of the most meticulously used to satisfy legitimacy claims to the Throne of Horus. The most visible exercise of this type is, without question, the List of Pharaohs on the Temple of Seti I, Abydos. In it, it is presented a clear lineage, since the beginnings of dynastic Egypt, of Pharaohs that lead directly to and fully justify the claim of Seti I to the Thorne of Egypt. Furthermore, all those isefetic pharaohs, Hatsehpsut included, were removed from an otherwise clear and linear representation of human time in ancient Egypt. The manipulation of time, in this case, had two objectives. Firstly, intended to provide the tools for a clear legitimacy claim of a new dynasty. Secondly, it showed that time, for ancient Egyptians, was important, but workable to some degree. The maatic aspect of the list was incredibly more important than its scientific accuracy. This was the purest of times a civilization could have, the linear aspect of this dimension, so well known for all that exist, and have existed, in this planet. The human time. Deriving from the same intense need of legitimation, one finds another font with an incredibly more complex notion of time, following however the same purpose but at a divine scale. The Papyrus Westcar displays fabulous stories, contemplated as facts, in a long gone age, the first dynasties of the Old Kingdom, when magic and Pharaohs lived side by side. Here time is clearly mythological. The uncertainty of the time when the Papyrus Westcar was really produced allows one to contemplate several new dynasties ascension to power with the protection of these stories (from the IXth to the middle of the XVIIIth) with a base on Djedis' premonition and Khufus' acceptant of it. More so, the divine role of the gods in the birth of those who would initiate a new dynasty was a clear message that a lineage could, indeed, be broken and substituted by a new one, even of non-royal origin. These two lines of thought allow some interesting questions to emerge. Was the perception of time, and time itself, manipulated by those in command of Egypt's' destinies, to guarantee their own position in power with as less turmoil as possible? Did the search for legitimacy justified time manipulation? Ultimately one can always wonder about the scope of importance of time in ancient Egypt: was it a mass concern for all the Egyptians or a preoccupation that only the elite had? Linear time and mythological time seems to have been a concern of a very specific group in Egypt, with a clear agenda in mind. But so it has always been when absolute power over the Two Lands was at stake…
By the Eighteenth Dynasty, Egyptians had a " clear knowledge of the afterlife reality " regarding... more By the Eighteenth Dynasty, Egyptians had a " clear knowledge of the afterlife reality " regarding such aspects as how to, successfully, cross the dangers found travelling to the World of the Occidentals, what to bring for their final journey and with whom they would eventually cross their paths with. One intends to focus on this last detail and correlate it with some funerary items found inside a tomb that translated this intent – the importance of who would be encountered en route. One proposes a focus on KV 46, for its peculiar contents, specifically items that did not belong to its owners. There could be more than a reason for its presence on this site. They could have simply been tokens of love, respect or gratitude to the ones now on the pr Dt. However some items in particular raise interesting questions about the reasons why they were placed inside a tomb. The interest arises mainly from the message that they carried, beyond the one seen. One proposes, " Some of these items were less a gift to the departed and more a message of those who, one day, would follow them ". Perhaps, on this subject and in this tomb, the clearest example, used in this essay as the prime example, is the so-called Chair of Sat-Amon and it is this piece of furniture, more to the point, its writings and its bas-reliefs that could stand as proof and intent of what is proposed above. This simple idea would certainly change quite considerably the general one where the Funerary paraphernalia is viewed as items with the purpose of serving only the deceased. They could also be serving another one, still alive and very concerned with his, or hers, own passing. Worried enough to send furniture with relevant messages to appease what lied beyond.
This essay presents a comparative study of ancient Egyptian vessels that sailed both the Nile and... more This essay presents a comparative study of ancient Egyptian vessels that sailed both the Nile and the Seas during the eighteenth dynasty of the New Kingdom. We will start with the ships that have navigated the Nile. They will be analysed in two different spheres. It is firstly proposed to observe the vessels used in the Nile as the main Egyptian artery for transportation of people and goods. Secondly, considering a more religious and mythological perspective, the iconography of the barque used in several representations to illustrate the daily travel of Re in the underworld, during his perpetual cycle to be reborn each day, will also be addressed. This study will then approach two particular Seas where ships, far different from those used on the Nile, sailed to satisfy the needs of the Egyptians during the dynasty XVIII. Seafaring vessels where launched into the Mediterranean, mainly under Tuthmoses III military campaigns, to maintain the Syrian-Palestinian corridor under Egyptian control. Both the type of ships and the military strategies will be here analysed. It is conclusive that these strategies resulted on the enormous advantage that a swift displacement of a large number of troops by sea, from Egypt to far away lands in rebellion, had in the maintenance of Tuthmoses III Empire. Regarding the Red Sea, the use of ships by Hatshepsut deserves a closer look, mainly to establish a counterpoint with the military sea ships of Tuthmoses III. Was the commercial nature of the Expedition of Hatshepsut to tA nTr, via Mersa Gawasis and the Red Sea, made using sea ships with different designs from those of Tuthmoses III? Or did the ancient Egyptians only develop one design of ships to the Seas and another to the Nile? To answer these questions and understand the Egyptian armada, the specificity of its vessels and their designs, a comprehensive analysis of archaeological findings and iconographic fonts is proposed, among them the richest representations of the Expedition to tA nTr, found in Hatshepsuts’ Deir el-Bahri Temple, will be of insurmountable value to establish the type of ship used in specific endeavours. Lastly, the use of ships in the Mediterranean with a military purpose will be understood and supported by several academic works that focus this exact theme. It is the objective of this essay to illustrate, as detailed as possible, the industrious mind of ancient Egyptians, the adaptability to different waters, the development of adequate ship designs and sailing techniques needed to conquer both the River and the Sea. Ultimately, it will be showed how a civilization surrounded by desert was able to develop a clear way to control the opposite element, the water. This was done in such a great and efficient way that created not only the possibility to maintain and increase Egypt’s’ domain over an extremely vast territory but also to keep alive vibrant commercial relations with other civilizations and ultimately sustain an enormous sphere of political influence during more then half a millennium.
Antiquity Including the "East" as "Western Identity", 2023
The usages of the past, and of antiquity, were felt throughout history, reflecting the fabric of ... more The usages of the past, and of antiquity, were felt throughout history, reflecting the fabric of apologetic and ideological narratives. Antiquity is studied to understand time to understand the way in which the past is received, integrated, and used. This work gathers seven essays featuring case studies on ancient cultural identity via interdisciplinary approaches. Interdisciplinarity, thanks to the intersection of history, archaeology, and linguistics, corresponds to the transversal, comprehensive, and complex look essential to understand the intrinsic value of antiquity in each time and in each present. Ancient history and archaeology demonstrate how diverse the ancient world truly was. Socio-cultural change and dynamics in contact situations between groups of distinct cultures produced constant innovations and adaptations. In this book, the reader will access debates on intercultural experiences from the perspective of Phoenician colonists in Spain; the formation of a particular Greek identity built by Greek colonists in Sicily; the dramatic social and cultural transformations in the southern Levant following the regional transition to the Bronze Age; the integration of pre-Islamic Somalia in a trade network connected to the Mediterranean, from the Bronze to Iron ages; the multicultural influences inspiring the Book of Genesis; the cultural identity of early Christians as the New Testament is developed under the influence of Near Eastern traditions; and the complex multi-cultural and multi-ethnic dialogue behind the process of formation of Koine Greek during Byzantine times.
Images, Perceptions and Productions in and of Antiquity, 2023
This book provides access to new and exclusive research in several Antiquity and Antiquity-relate... more This book provides access to new and exclusive research in several Antiquity and Antiquity-related fields and subjects. Revolving around four general subjects (Ancient Egypt, the Ancient Near and Middle East, the Classical World, and the Reception of Antiquity), it will provide access to new works spanning from archaeology, literature, art, and reception studies, among others, allowing the reader to gain insights into some of the most current subjects of investigation in modern academia. To view the Table of Contents, and to learn more about the contributors to the volume, please click here.
"This work is comprised of a large ensemble of geographic, temporal, and thematic reflections that intend to discuss the forms, topics, paradigms, and narratives of civilizations, both Ancient and those that structure the so-called Occidental Civilisation.
During the 19th and part of the 20th centuries, these civilizations––those considered the cradle of civilization––constructed the field known as Ancient History and connected it to Greco-Roman Antiquity based on classical texts.
The origins of civilization in Africa and Asia broke the construction of Egyptology and Assyriology. Still, some authors, who acted as defenders of an overly consecrated past, quickly created an “Ancient Oriental Age” or some “Pre-Classic Civilisations” given the status of a sort of antechamber for the birth of civilization traits “par excellence”. And so, Antiquity and the idea of Antiquity were kept a prisoner of a vision that served the European criteria for civilization.
To counter this reality, several authors who had been profoundly inspired by cultural studies restored Ancient History via the deconstruction of its hypotheses and traditional themes. Many linguistic and literary studies contributed to this, which led to greater attention being paid to the language and a new wave of questioning of its fonts, which resulted in an investigation into Antiquity that was profoundly more informed about the limits of its assumptions and generalizations.
Images, Perceptions, and Productions in and of Antiquity ix
Other significant contributions to this change were the intensification and ampliation of the “scope” of archaeological studies about Antiquity in the second half of the 20th century. Classical archaeology and the archaeological branches of Assyriology and Egyptology led to a discussion regarding material culture in Antiquity and a new threshold being marked. Finally, by the end of the 20th century, with the emergence of the field of study focussing on the reception of the “classics” and the use of the past in the contemporary world, the final blow was given to the reports that nationalized origins and legacies. The Eurocentric character of Ancient History fell for good. The world grew, widened, and Africa and Asia emerged and constructed the so-called Occidental Civilisation.
—Maria Helena Trindade Lopes"
ANCIENT EGYPT 2017. PERSPECTIVES OF RESEARCH , 2020
The publication provides an overview of current research and its perspectives covering various sp... more The publication provides an overview of current research and its perspectives covering various spheres of interest in present-day Egyptology and a scholarly discussion on various approaches to studies of ancient Egypt in all its aspects and forms. The reader may find 26 papers, including those on pottery, sculpture, language, history, architecture, religion and religious texts, views on empire creation, loyalism and more detailed pieces on amulets, museum collections, household religion and the concept of sin, children’s magical protection, religion mirrored in twenty-first dynasty personal correspondence, Esna, the group-statue of Pendua and Nefertari Kushite architectural programmes, the settlement at Tell Nabasha, the Saite-Persian cemetery at Abusir, project presentation and aegyptiaca in Portugal.
Many of the issues were discussed during the Eighth European Conference of Egyptologists. Egypt 2017: Research Perspectives that was hosted by the New University of Lisbon and collaborator institutions in Portugal. The series of European meetings of Egyptologists was initiated in Warsaw in 1999. The Second and Third symposia were also held in Warsaw in 2001 and 2004, and the Fourth conference was organised in Budapest in 2006. The Fifth Conference was organised in Pułtusk in 2009, and the Sixth in Cracow, and the Seventh in Zagreb.
The book is edited in co-operation by M.H. Trindade Lopes, J. Popielska-Grzybowska, J. Iwaszczuk and R.G. Gurgel Pereira.
Uploads
Papers by André Patrício
The biographical material on this city and its pharaoh is considerable, it is a recurrent theme, both in scientific and in fiction literature, but the present book offers an exquisite view on the most pure and scientific aspects of the subject, one that could not be ignored, and presented by no other than Professor Barry Kemp who is conducting excavations and research in Amarna since 1977, a personal work history that is bound to provide one with amazing details about the subject. Well-known Egyptologist, Barry Kemp is a Professor in Egyptology in the University of Cambridge. His services on the fields of education, archaeology and international relations in Egypt were acknowledged in 2011 by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, who presented Professor Barry Kemp with a most distinguished honor, a CBE.
The book in review is quite a find. The amount of information is priceless and above all is absolutely based in archaeological findings, therefore facts, and a dialogue between those findings, something that gives a bit of fresh air to the “Amarna History”. [...]
Keywords: Furniture, New Kingdom, Symbolism.
It is also analyzed the food in its Social and Religious Contexts.
In the second part the house and its furnitures are the subject of interest. They are studied regarding three different sources: the Middle Kingdom Funerary Models; the New Kingdom Tomb paintings; the immensely rich information compiled from the archaeological excavations of the past two centuries in Egypt.
We will start with the ships that have navigated the Nile. They will be analysed in two different spheres. It is firstly proposed to observe the vessels used in the Nile as the main Egyptian artery for transportation of people and goods. Secondly, considering a more religious and mythological perspective, the iconography of the barque used in several representations to illustrate the daily travel of Re in the underworld, during his perpetual cycle to be reborn each day, will also be addressed.
This study will then approach two particular Seas where ships, far different from those used on the Nile, sailed to satisfy the needs of the Egyptians during the dynasty XVIII.
Seafaring vessels where launched into the Mediterranean, mainly under Tuthmoses III military campaigns, to maintain the Syrian-Palestinian corridor under Egyptian control. Both the type of ships and the military strategies will be here analysed. It is conclusive that these strategies resulted on the enormous advantage that a swift displacement of a large number of troops by sea, from Egypt to far away lands in rebellion, had in the maintenance of Tuthmoses III Empire.
Regarding the Red Sea, the use of ships by Hatshepsut deserves a closer look, mainly to establish a counterpoint with the military sea ships of Tuthmoses III. Was the commercial nature of the Expedition of Hatshepsut to tA nTr, via Mersa Gawasis and the Red Sea, made using sea ships with different designs from those of Tuthmoses III? Or did the ancient Egyptians only develop one design of ships to the Seas and another to the Nile?
To answer these questions and understand the Egyptian armada, the specificity of its vessels and their designs, a comprehensive analysis of archaeological findings and iconographic fonts is proposed, among them the richest representations of the Expedition to tA nTr, found in Hatshepsuts’ Deir el-Bahri Temple, will be of insurmountable value to establish the type of ship used in specific endeavours. Lastly, the use of ships in the Mediterranean with a military purpose will be understood and supported by several academic works that focus this exact theme.
It is the objective of this essay to illustrate, as detailed as possible, the industrious mind of ancient Egyptians, the adaptability to different waters, the development of adequate ship designs and sailing techniques needed to conquer both the River and the Sea. Ultimately, it will be showed how a civilization surrounded by desert was able to develop a clear way to control the opposite element, the water. This was done in such a great and efficient way that created not only the possibility to maintain and increase Egypt’s’ domain over an extremely vast territory but also to keep alive vibrant commercial relations with other civilizations and ultimately sustain an enormous sphere of political influence during more then half a millennium.
"This work is comprised of a large ensemble of geographic, temporal, and thematic reflections that intend to discuss the forms, topics, paradigms, and narratives of civilizations, both Ancient and those that structure the so-called Occidental Civilisation.
During the 19th and part of the 20th centuries, these civilizations––those considered the cradle of civilization––constructed the field known as Ancient History and connected it to Greco-Roman Antiquity based on classical texts.
The origins of civilization in Africa and Asia broke the construction of Egyptology and Assyriology. Still, some authors, who acted as defenders of an overly consecrated past, quickly created an “Ancient Oriental Age” or some “Pre-Classic Civilisations” given the status of a sort of antechamber for the birth of civilization traits “par excellence”. And so, Antiquity and the idea of Antiquity were kept a prisoner of a vision that served the European criteria for civilization.
To counter this reality, several authors who had been profoundly inspired by cultural studies restored Ancient History via the deconstruction of its hypotheses and traditional themes. Many linguistic and literary studies contributed to this, which led to greater attention being paid to the language and a new wave of questioning of its fonts, which resulted in an investigation into Antiquity that was profoundly more informed about the limits of its assumptions and generalizations.
Images, Perceptions, and Productions in and of Antiquity ix
Other significant contributions to this change were the intensification and ampliation of the “scope” of archaeological studies about Antiquity in the second half of the 20th century. Classical archaeology and the archaeological branches of Assyriology and Egyptology led to a discussion regarding material culture in Antiquity and a new threshold being marked. Finally, by the end of the 20th century, with the emergence of the field of study focussing on the reception of the “classics” and the use of the past in the contemporary world, the final blow was given to the reports that nationalized origins and legacies. The Eurocentric character of Ancient History fell for good. The world grew, widened, and Africa and Asia emerged and constructed the so-called Occidental Civilisation.
—Maria Helena Trindade Lopes"
Many of the issues were discussed during the Eighth European Conference of Egyptologists. Egypt 2017: Research Perspectives that was hosted by the New University of Lisbon and collaborator institutions in Portugal. The series of European meetings of Egyptologists was initiated in Warsaw in 1999. The Second and Third symposia were also held in Warsaw in 2001 and 2004, and the Fourth conference was organised in Budapest in 2006. The Fifth Conference was organised in Pułtusk in 2009, and the Sixth in Cracow, and the Seventh in Zagreb.
The book is edited in co-operation by M.H. Trindade Lopes, J. Popielska-Grzybowska, J. Iwaszczuk and R.G. Gurgel Pereira.