Papers by Md. Anwer Hossain
Journal of Governance, Security & Development
Bangladesh turned 50 in 2021 having made remarkable progress in population and development, such ... more Bangladesh turned 50 in 2021 having made remarkable progress in population and development, such as reducing total fertility and maternal mortality, boosting contraceptive prevalence, reducing infant and child mortality, increasing life expectancy at birth, and enhancing gender parity in schooling, women's empowerment, and overall development. This paper explores the past and determines the drivers of population change and development challenges, the current situation, and future trends and issues up to 2041—the year benchmarked for the country to attain 'developed' status. The study uses censuses, national-level surveys, population projections, and UN and World Bank data. Reducing total fertility, curbing child marriage, addressing adolescent motherhood and their unmet need for family planning, reducing high maternal mortality ratios, the double burden of diseases and malnutrition, addressing population ageing, high youth unemployment, low female labor force participati...
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PLOS ONE
Introduction Rohingya- the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN)- are largely characterized... more Introduction Rohingya- the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN)- are largely characterized by a high total fertility rate (TFR) and a low contraceptive prevalence rate. This study aimed to explore the reasons behind their high fertility behavior by utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior. Data and method We adopted a cross-sectional qualitative research approach. Fifteen semi-structured, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with the Rohingya husbands, wives, and community leaders (Majhi and Imam/Khatib) living in Camps 1 and 2 of Ukhiya Refugee Camp, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. We analyzed the qualitative data using the thematic analysis approach. Results The Muslim-majority FDMN predominantly constructed the fertility outcome as the will and order of Allah. On the one hand, the Rohingya parents highlighted various religious, political, economic, and social advantages of having more children, especially sons. On the other hand, beliefs about religious restriction, fe...
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Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction, 2022
Though the global population has been growing for hundreds of years at a rate that increased or d... more Though the global population has been growing for hundreds of years at a rate that increased or decreased with unprecedented booms or busts and consecutive rebounds, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to population alarmism that might put individual or couples’ rights and choices at stake. This paper draws on historical as well as contemporary shreds of evidence and argues that whether the countries of the world face a COVID-19-induced short-term baby boom or baby bust, the solution lies in prioritizing the reproductive health and rights of all people, and thereby, calls for a global recognition that there is no effective alternative other than upholding the rights and the choices of individuals in shifting fertility rates as per the need of each country.
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The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific
h 2 ( A recent article published in the Lancet Regional Health – Westrn Pacific refers to the fac... more h 2 ( A recent article published in the Lancet Regional Health – Westrn Pacific refers to the factors affecting child marriage and conraceptive use among the adolescent Rohingya girls (10-19 years) ho married before 18 1 . Though this study provides valuable inights into the factors that influence and determine the widespread revalence of child marriage and the low use of contraceptives mong the married Rohingya adolescents, some fundamental limiations exist. This study did not adopt a probability sampling techique, and also the sample size was relatively small. Another deographic profiling and needs assessment study found that 86.3% f the Rohingya women knew about at least one modern method f contraception 2 . Almost half (48.9%) of the currently married omen knew the place of service delivery for family planning ethods where the most cited delivery points were the NGO hositals or clinics (93.1%) 2 . Although the first cited article referred o the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) at 34.37% among the urrently married adolescents aged 10-19 1 , it was 33.7% among he married women aged 13-49 2 , which is quite similar. Thereore, given the evidenced low CPR among the Rohingya couples, pertinent question that needs immediate attention – ‘why is ontraception so low among the Rohingya displaced population in angladesh?’ A review of the available literature shows that religious prohiition is one of the vital causes behind low contraception usage mong the Rohingya community 1–3 . Views such as "women are orn to bear children," "a child is a gift of Allah (God)," and "trying o limit the number of children is a sin" are common among the ohingya community. Their common view toward contraception is einforced by the misbelief that family planning methods are assoiated with immoral behaviors 2 , 3 . This does not exist only among dolescent girls but also the other reproductive-aged women and heir family members in the decision-making role 4 . Also, the fear
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ABSTRACTIntroductionThe study related to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is scanty in the context ... more ABSTRACTIntroductionThe study related to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is scanty in the context of Bangladesh, despite the growing necessity of understanding the mass people’s vaccination-related behavior. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Bangladesh to fill the knowledge gap.MethodologyThis study adopted a cross-sectional study design to collect data from 1497 respondents using online (Google forms) and face-to-face interviews. We employed descriptive statistics and multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis.FindingsThe prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 41.1%. Men had less hesitancy (β = -0.046, p = 0.030) than women. The Muslims (β = 0.057, p = 0.009) and the respondents living in the city corporation areas (β = 0.132, p <0.001) had more hesitancy. There was significant variation in vaccine hesitancy by administrative divisions (geographic regions). The vaccine hesitancy tended...
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This study aimed to determine the prevalence and investigate the constellations of psychological ... more This study aimed to determine the prevalence and investigate the constellations of psychological determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Bangladeshi adult population utilizing the health belief model-HBM (perceived susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19, perceived benefits of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and cues to action), the theory of planned behavior-TPB (attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and anticipated regret), and the 5C psychological antecedents (confidence, constraints, complacency, calculation, and collective responsibility). We compared the predictability of these theoretical frameworks to see which framework explains the highest variance in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design. We collected data from a nationally representative sample of 1,497 respondents through both online and face-to-face interviews. We employed multiple linear regression analysis ...
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Background This study aimed to determine the prevalence and investigate the constellations of psy... more Background This study aimed to determine the prevalence and investigate the constellations of psychological determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Bangladeshi adult population utilizing the health belief model-HBM (perceived susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19, perceived benefits of and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, and cues to action), the theory of planned behavior-TPB (attitude toward COVId-19 vaccine, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and anticipated regret), and the novel 5C psychological antecedents (confidence, constraints, complacency, calculation, and collective responsibility). We compared the predictability of these theoretical frameworks to see which framework explains the highest variance in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional research design. We collected data from a nationally representative sample of 1497 respondents through both online and face-to-face interviews. We employed multiple lin...
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PLOS ONE, 2021
Introduction: Studies related to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are scanty in Bangladesh, despite... more Introduction: Studies related to the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy are scanty in Bangladesh, despite the growing necessity of understanding the population behavior related to vaccination. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Bangladesh to fill the knowledge gap.
Methods and Materials: This study adopted a cross-sectional design to collect data from 1497 respondents using online (Google forms) and face-to-face interviews from eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh between 1-7 February 2021. We employed descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 46.2%. The Muslims (aOR = 1.80, p < 0.01) and the respondents living in the city corporation areas (aOR = 2.14, p <0.001) had more hesitancy. There was significant variation in vaccine hesitancy by administrative divisions (geographic regions). Compared to the Sylhet division, the participants from Khulna (aOR = 1.31, p <0.001) had higher hesitancy. The vaccine hesitancy tended to decrease with increasing knowledge about the vaccine (aOR = 0.88, p<0.001) and the vaccination process (aOR= 0.91, p < 0.01). On the other hand, hesitancy increased with the increased negative attitudes towards the vaccine (aOR = 1.17, p<0.001) and conspiracy beliefs towards the COVID-19 vaccine (aOR = 1.04, p<0.01). The perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR = 0.85, p<0.001) were negatively associated with hesitancy, while perceived barriers (aOR = 1.16, p <0.001) were positively associated. The participants were more hesitant to accept the vaccine from a specific country of origin (India, USA, Europe).
Conclusions: Our findings warrant that a vigorous behavior change communication campaign should be designed and implemented to demystify negative public attitudes and conspiracy beliefs regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine in Bangladesh. The policymakers should also think about revisiting the policy of the online registration process to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, as online registration is a key structural barrier for many due to the persistent digital divide in the country. Finally, the government should consider the population’s preference regarding vaccines’ country of manufacture to reduce the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Stigma and Health, 2021
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Heliyon
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Frontiers in Public Health
This study assessed the preparedness regarding the preventive practices toward the coronavirus di... more This study assessed the preparedness regarding the preventive practices toward the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the adult population in Bangladesh. Data were collected through an online survey with a sample size of 1,056. We constructed four variables (individual, household, economic, and community and social distancing) related to preparedness based on the principal component analysis of eight items. We employed descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the accuracy rate of the overall preparedness scale was 68.9%. The preparedness level related to economic, individual, household, and community and social distancing was 64.9, 77.1, 50.4, and 83.2%, respectively. However, the economic preparedness significantly varied by sex, education, occupation, attitude, and worries related to COVID-19. Individual preparedness was significantly associated with education, residence, and attitudes. The household preparedness significantly ...
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The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 2021
Given the evidenced low CPR among the Rohingya couples,
a pertinent question that needs immediate... more Given the evidenced low CPR among the Rohingya couples,
a pertinent question that needs immediate attention – ‘why is
contraception so low among the Rohingya displaced population in
Bangladesh?’ This brief commentary paper aims to provide a comprehensive answer to that question.
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Essay Competition at the 3rd National Conference on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, 2021
In this paper, a critical assessment has been made about the situation of SRHR indicators in Bang... more In this paper, a critical assessment has been made about the situation of SRHR indicators in Bangladesh. Specifically, this paper had three objectives: to assess the current situation of the key SRHR indicators in Bangladesh; to gather evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on utilization of the SRH services in Bangladesh, to highlight key challenges as well as priority areas of SRHR for further development in Bangladesh.
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Papers by Md. Anwer Hossain
Methods and Materials: This study adopted a cross-sectional design to collect data from 1497 respondents using online (Google forms) and face-to-face interviews from eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh between 1-7 February 2021. We employed descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 46.2%. The Muslims (aOR = 1.80, p < 0.01) and the respondents living in the city corporation areas (aOR = 2.14, p <0.001) had more hesitancy. There was significant variation in vaccine hesitancy by administrative divisions (geographic regions). Compared to the Sylhet division, the participants from Khulna (aOR = 1.31, p <0.001) had higher hesitancy. The vaccine hesitancy tended to decrease with increasing knowledge about the vaccine (aOR = 0.88, p<0.001) and the vaccination process (aOR= 0.91, p < 0.01). On the other hand, hesitancy increased with the increased negative attitudes towards the vaccine (aOR = 1.17, p<0.001) and conspiracy beliefs towards the COVID-19 vaccine (aOR = 1.04, p<0.01). The perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR = 0.85, p<0.001) were negatively associated with hesitancy, while perceived barriers (aOR = 1.16, p <0.001) were positively associated. The participants were more hesitant to accept the vaccine from a specific country of origin (India, USA, Europe).
Conclusions: Our findings warrant that a vigorous behavior change communication campaign should be designed and implemented to demystify negative public attitudes and conspiracy beliefs regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine in Bangladesh. The policymakers should also think about revisiting the policy of the online registration process to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, as online registration is a key structural barrier for many due to the persistent digital divide in the country. Finally, the government should consider the population’s preference regarding vaccines’ country of manufacture to reduce the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
a pertinent question that needs immediate attention – ‘why is
contraception so low among the Rohingya displaced population in
Bangladesh?’ This brief commentary paper aims to provide a comprehensive answer to that question.
Methods and Materials: This study adopted a cross-sectional design to collect data from 1497 respondents using online (Google forms) and face-to-face interviews from eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh between 1-7 February 2021. We employed descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 46.2%. The Muslims (aOR = 1.80, p < 0.01) and the respondents living in the city corporation areas (aOR = 2.14, p <0.001) had more hesitancy. There was significant variation in vaccine hesitancy by administrative divisions (geographic regions). Compared to the Sylhet division, the participants from Khulna (aOR = 1.31, p <0.001) had higher hesitancy. The vaccine hesitancy tended to decrease with increasing knowledge about the vaccine (aOR = 0.88, p<0.001) and the vaccination process (aOR= 0.91, p < 0.01). On the other hand, hesitancy increased with the increased negative attitudes towards the vaccine (aOR = 1.17, p<0.001) and conspiracy beliefs towards the COVID-19 vaccine (aOR = 1.04, p<0.01). The perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination (aOR = 0.85, p<0.001) were negatively associated with hesitancy, while perceived barriers (aOR = 1.16, p <0.001) were positively associated. The participants were more hesitant to accept the vaccine from a specific country of origin (India, USA, Europe).
Conclusions: Our findings warrant that a vigorous behavior change communication campaign should be designed and implemented to demystify negative public attitudes and conspiracy beliefs regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine in Bangladesh. The policymakers should also think about revisiting the policy of the online registration process to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, as online registration is a key structural barrier for many due to the persistent digital divide in the country. Finally, the government should consider the population’s preference regarding vaccines’ country of manufacture to reduce the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
a pertinent question that needs immediate attention – ‘why is
contraception so low among the Rohingya displaced population in
Bangladesh?’ This brief commentary paper aims to provide a comprehensive answer to that question.