MBA and Executive Education

The outpatient pharmaceutical expenditure in developed countries represents a huge percentage of the total health budget, because of that, it is necessary to use tools aimed to control and guarantee an efficient use of these resources. Improving the current construction of the indicator of pharmaceutical expenditure in order to have a more adjusted tool of pharmaceutical expenditure control. We introduce the concept of "equivalent patient" in the standardization of outpatient pharmaceutical expenditure, considering in its design several socio demographic variables in order to supersede the previous model which just considered the "Co-payment status" for adjusting the outpatient pharmaceutical expenditure. We considered variables as age, sex, co-payment status and nationality to elaborate the concept of equivalent patient. By applying the standardization method we obtained 160 groups of consumption with weights from 0,10 to 4,39 equivalent patients. We obtained a ...

El desarrollo sostenible es un término ambiguo que forma parte del lenguaje cotidiano; sin embargo, es importante aplicarlo con rigor. El texto insiste en la importancia de utilizar la concepción �fuerte� de la sostenibilidad y usar el análisis de la insostenibilidad actual como punto de partida. A partir de ella, se defiende el establecimiento de las prioridades para la toma de decisiones propuestas por la economía ecológica para avanzar hacia la sostenibilidad global.