serenus
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Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kseresnos, related to *kseros (“dry”), whence perhaps also serēscō (“to become dry”). See also Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós), Sanskrit क्षार (kṣārá).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /seˈreː.nus/, [s̠ɛˈreːnʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /seˈre.nus/, [seˈrɛːnus]
Adjective
[edit]serēnus (feminine serēna, neuter serēnum, adverb serēnē); first/second-declension adjective
- Clear, fair, bright, serene, tranquil.
- That clears the sky or brings fair weather.
- (figuratively) Cheerful, glad, joyous, bright; clear, fair, calm, placid, serene
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.285–286:
- “‘[...] Quae causa indigna serēnōs / foedāvit voltūs? [...].’”
- “‘What shameful cause disfigured your serene face?’”
(Aeneas dreams he is speaking to the dead and disfigured Hector. The Latin plural “serenos voltus,” here translated as English singular, implies a heroic character which projects steadfast calm despite changing circumstances.)
- “‘What shameful cause disfigured your serene face?’”
- “‘[...] Quae causa indigna serēnōs / foedāvit voltūs? [...].’”
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | serēnus | serēna | serēnum | serēnī | serēnae | serēna | |
| Genitive | serēnī | serēnae | serēnī | serēnōrum | serēnārum | serēnōrum | |
| Dative | serēnō | serēnae | serēnō | serēnīs | |||
| Accusative | serēnum | serēnam | serēnum | serēnōs | serēnās | serēna | |
| Ablative | serēnō | serēnā | serēnō | serēnīs | |||
| Vocative | serēne | serēna | serēnum | serēnī | serēnae | serēna | |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “serēnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 556
- ^ The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989.
Further reading
[edit]- “serenus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “serenus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- serenus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “serenus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers