prohibeo

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Latin

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Etymology

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From prō- +‎ habeō (“I have”). Compare Old English forhealdan for the formation.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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prohibeō (present infinitive prohibēre, perfect active prohibuī, supine prohibitum); second conjugation

  1. to hold back or before, keep or ward off, restrain; avert; prevent, hinder
    Synonyms: impediō, obstō, moror, arceō, cohibeō, supprimō, cūnctor, contineō, dētineō, retineō, refrēnō, tardō, intersaepiō, inclūdō, perimō, obstō, officiō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.540–541:
      “Hospitiō prohibēmur harēnae;
      bella cient, prīmāque vetant cōnsistere terrā.”
      “We [Trojans] are being kept back from the refuge of the beach; [the Carthaginians] provoke hostilities, and they forbid [us] to set foot on the first [part of your] land [i.e., the shoreline].”
      (Trojan envoy Ilioneus is addressing Queen Dido.)
  2. to forbid, prohibit
    Synonyms: abdīcō, vetō
  3. to keep, preserve, defend, protect
    Synonyms: salvō, tūtor, vindicō, servō, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, prōtegō, tegō, adsum, sustineō, dēfendō, tueor, arceō
    Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.525:
      “ōrāmus prohibē īnfandōs ā nāvibus ignīs”
      “We beg [you]: Keep dreadful fires [away] from [our] ships!”
      (Ilioneus petitions Queen Dido to protect the Trojan fleet now moored near Carthage.)
  4. to keep someone (accusative) off something (ablative)

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of prohibeō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present prohibeō prohibēs prohibet prohibēmus prohibētis prohibent
imperfect prohibēbam prohibēbās prohibēbat prohibēbāmus prohibēbātis prohibēbant
future prohibēbō prohibēbis prohibēbit prohibēbimus prohibēbitis prohibēbunt
perfect prohibuī prohibuistī prohibuit prohibuimus prohibuistis prohibuērunt,
prohibuēre
pluperfect prohibueram prohibuerās prohibuerat prohibuerāmus prohibuerātis prohibuerant
future perfect prohibuerō prohibueris prohibuerit prohibuerimus prohibueritis prohibuerint
sigmatic future1 prohibēssō prohibēssis prohibēssit prohibēssimus prohibēssitis prohibēssint
passive present prohibeor prohibēris,
prohibēre 		prohibētur prohibēmur prohibēminī prohibentur
imperfect prohibēbar prohibēbāris,
prohibēbāre 		prohibēbātur prohibēbāmur prohibēbāminī prohibēbantur
future prohibēbor prohibēberis,
prohibēbere 		prohibēbitur prohibēbimur prohibēbiminī prohibēbuntur
perfect prohibitus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect prohibitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect prohibitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present prohibeam prohibeās prohibeat prohibeāmus prohibeātis prohibeant
imperfect prohibērem prohibērēs prohibēret prohibērēmus prohibērētis prohibērent
perfect prohibuerim prohibuerīs prohibuerit prohibuerīmus prohibuerītis prohibuerint
pluperfect prohibuissem prohibuissēs prohibuisset prohibuissēmus prohibuissētis prohibuissent
sigmatic aorist1 prohibēssim prohibēssīs prohibēssīt prohibēssīmus prohibēssītis prohibēssint
passive present prohibear prohibeāris,
prohibeāre 		prohibeātur prohibeāmur prohibeāminī prohibeantur
imperfect prohibērer prohibērēris,
prohibērēre 		prohibērētur prohibērēmur prohibērēminī prohibērentur
perfect prohibitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect prohibitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — prohibē — — prohibēte —
future — prohibētō prohibētō — prohibētōte prohibentō
passive present — prohibēre — — prohibēminī —
future — prohibētor prohibētor — — prohibentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives prohibēre prohibuisse prohibitūrum esse prohibērī prohibitum esse prohibitum īrī
participles prohibēns — prohibitūrus — prohibitus prohibendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
prohibendī prohibendō prohibendum prohibendō prohibitum prohibitū

1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Old forms:

Derived terms

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Related terms

Descendants

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References

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  • “prohibeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “prohibeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • prohibeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • heaven forfend: di prohibeant, di meliora!
    • to welcome to one's house (opp. to shut one's door against some one): tecto, (in) domum suam aliquem recipere (opp. prohibere aliquem tecto, domo)
    • to strike off the burgess-roll: censu prohibere, excludere
    • to cut off all supplies of the enemy: intercludere, prohibere hostes commeatu
    • to be unable to land: portu, terra prohiberi (B. C. 3. 15)
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