mugir

Catalan

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Latin mūgīre. First attested in c. 1400.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [muˈʒi]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [muˈd͡ʒiɾ]

Verb

mugir (first-person singular present mugeixo, first-person singular preterite mugí, past participle mugit)

1. to moo; to low

   Synonym: bramular

Conjugation

    Conjugation of mugir (third conjugation, with -eix-)

infinitive			mugir
gerund			mugint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		mugit		mugida
		plural		mugits		mugides
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	mugeixo	mugeixes	mugeix	mugim	mugiu	mugeixen
	imperfect	mugia	mugies	mugia	mugíem	mugíeu	mugien
	future	mugiré	mugiràs	mugirà	mugirem	mugireu	mugiran
	preterite	mugí	mugires	mugí	mugírem	mugíreu	mugiren
	conditional	mugiria	mugiries	mugiria	mugiríem	mugiríeu	mugirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	mugeixi	mugeixis	mugeixi	mugim	mugiu	mugeixin
	imperfect	mugís	mugissis	mugís	mugíssim	mugíssiu	mugissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	mugeix	mugeixi	mugim	mugiu	mugeixin
	negative (no)	—	no mugeixis	no mugeixi	no mugim	no mugiu	no mugeixin

Derived terms

• mugit

Further reading

• “mugir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “mugir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “mugir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Etymology

Alteration of the inherited Old French muir, muire, based on the original etymology, Latin mūgīre

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /my.ʒiʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

mugir

1. to moo

   Entends mugir les vaches. ― Listen to the cows mooing.

2. to roar
   • 1792, Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (lyrics and music), “La Marseillaise”:

     Entendez-vous dans les campagnes / Mugir ces féroces soldats ?

     Do you hear, in the countryside / The roar of those ferocious soldiers?

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of mugir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	mugir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	mugissant /my.ʒi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		mugi /my.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	mugis /my.ʒi/	mugis /my.ʒi/	mugit /my.ʒi/	mugissons /my.ʒi.sɔ̃/	mugissez /my.ʒi.se/	mugissent /my.ʒis/
	imperfect	mugissais /my.ʒi.sɛ/	mugissais /my.ʒi.sɛ/	mugissait /my.ʒi.sɛ/	mugissions /my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	mugissiez /my.ʒi.sje/	mugissaient /my.ʒi.sɛ/
	past historic2	mugis /my.ʒi/	mugis /my.ʒi/	mugit /my.ʒi/	mugîmes /my.ʒim/	mugîtes /my.ʒit/	mugirent /my.ʒiʁ/
	future	mugirai /my.ʒi.ʁe/	mugiras /my.ʒi.ʁa/	mugira /my.ʒi.ʁa/	mugirons /my.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/	mugirez /my.ʒi.ʁe/	mugiront /my.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	mugirais /my.ʒi.ʁɛ/	mugirais /my.ʒi.ʁɛ/	mugirait /my.ʒi.ʁɛ/	mugirions /my.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/	mugiriez /my.ʒi.ʁje/	mugiraient /my.ʒi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	mugisse /my.ʒis/	mugisses /my.ʒis/	mugisse /my.ʒis/	mugissions /my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	mugissiez /my.ʒi.sje/	mugissent /my.ʒis/
	imperfect2	mugisse /my.ʒis/	mugisses /my.ʒis/	mugît /my.ʒi/	mugissions /my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	mugissiez /my.ʒi.sje/	mugissent /my.ʒis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	mugis /my.ʒi/	—	mugissons /my.ʒi.sɔ̃/	mugissez /my.ʒi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Synonyms

• meugler

Further reading

• “mugir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese mogir, mugir, from Latin mūgīre (“to moo”), from Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg-.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /muˈʒi(ʁ)/ [muˈʒi(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /muˈʒi(ʁ)/ [muˈʒi(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /muˈʒi(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /muˈʒi(ʁ)/ [muˈʒi(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /muˈʒi(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /muˈʒiɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /muˈʒiɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /muˈʒi.ɾi/

• Homophone: mugi (Brazil)
• Hyphenation: mu‧gir

Verb

mugir (first-person singular present mujo, first-person singular preterite mugi, past participle mugido)

1. to moo (to make a lowing sound)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of mugir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	mugir
Personal	mugir	mugires	mugir	mugirmos	mugirdes	mugirem
Gerund
	mugindo
Past participle
Masculine	mugido			mugidos
Feminine	mugida			mugidas
Indicative
Present	mujo	muges	muge	mugimos	mugis	mugem
Imperfect	mugia	mugias	mugia	mugíamos	mugíeis	mugiam
Preterite	mugi	mugiste	mugiu	mugimos	mugistes	mugiram
Pluperfect	mugira	mugiras	mugira	mugíramos	mugíreis	mugiram
Future	mugirei	mugirás	mugirá	mugiremos	mugireis	mugirão
Conditional	mugiria	mugirias	mugiria	mugiríamos	mugiríeis	mugiriam
Subjunctive
Present	muja	mujas	muja	mujamos	mujais	mujam
Imperfect	mugisse	mugisses	mugisse	mugíssemos	mugísseis	mugissem
Future	mugir	mugires	mugir	mugirmos	mugirdes	mugirem
Imperative
Affirmative		muge	muja	mujamos	mugi	mujam
Negative (não)		não mujas	não muja	não mujamos	não mujais	não mujam

Related terms

• mugido

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin mūgīre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muˈxiɾ/ [muˈxiɾ]
• Rhymes: -iɾ
• Syllabification: mu‧gir

Verb

mugir (first-person singular present mujo, first-person singular preterite mugí, past participle mugido)

1. (intransitive) to moo

Conjugation

    Conjugation of mugir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			mugir
gerund			mugiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		mugido		mugida
		plural		mugidos		mugidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	mujo	mugestú mugísvos	muge	mugimos	mugís	mugen
	imperfect	mugía	mugías	mugía	mugíamos	mugíais	mugían
	preterite	mugí	mugiste	mugió	mugimos	mugisteis	mugieron
	future	mugiré	mugirás	mugirá	mugiremos	mugiréis	mugirán
	conditional	mugiría	mugirías	mugiría	mugiríamos	mugiríais	mugirían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	muja	mujastú mujásvos2	muja	mujamos	mujáis	mujan
	imperfect (ra)	mugiera	mugieras	mugiera	mugiéramos	mugierais	mugieran
	imperfect (se)	mugiese	mugieses	mugiese	mugiésemos	mugieseis	mugiesen
	future1	mugiere	mugieres	mugiere	mugiéremos	mugiereis	mugieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		mugetú mugívos	muja	mujamos	mugid	mujan
	negative		no mujas	no muja	no mujamos	no mujáis	no mujan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Related terms

• mugido
• mugiente

 

Further reading

• “mugir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28