dur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dur"

English

Etymology 1

From German Dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard, firm, vigorous”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duːɹ/

Adjective

dur (not comparable)

1. (music, obsolete) Major; in the major mode.

   C dur

See also

• dur-brain (etymologically unrelated)

Further reading

• “dur”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “dur”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Etymology 2

Interjection

dur

1. Alternative form of duh (“indicating stupidity etc.”)
   • 2015, Liberty Kratz-Gullickson, Write Like a Girl, page 29:

     "Well, dur. I'm not that stupid, I knew that."

Etymology 3

Noun

dur (plural dur or durs)

1. (Belize, slang) A marijuana dealer.
   • 2023 June 13, Jules Vasquez, “Who Put Marybeth's Fraudulent Approval on Chester's Desk?”, in 7 News Belize‎^[2]:

     He began to tell me that Marybeth is accused or it is alleged she is one of the dur in Crooked Tree.

Anagrams

• Urd, rud, urd, Rud, RUD, Dru

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• duro

Etymology

Akin to Catalan dur, from Latin dūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdu(ɾ)/
• Rhymes: -u(ɾ)
• Syllabification: dur

Adjective

dur (plural durs)

1. hard

References

• “duro”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian دور (dūr).

Adjective

Other scripts

Cyrillic		дур
Abjad		دور

dur (comparative daha dur, superlative ən dur)

1. (Classical Azerbaijani) far

Further reading

• “dur” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈdu]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈduɾ]
• Rhymes: -u(ɾ)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin dūrus.

Adjective

dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

1. hard (resistant to pressure)

   Antonym: tou

2. difficult

   Synonym: difícil

   Antonym: fàcil

Derived terms

• aigua dura
• anar dur
• cap dur
• disc dur
• durament
• durbec
• duròmetre
• endurir
• ou dur
• pell dura

 

Related terms

• duresa
• durícia

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin dūcere, from Proto-Italic *doukō, from Proto-Indo-European *déwketi, from the root *dewk-.

Verb

dur (first-person singular present duc, first-person singular preterite duguí, past participle dut)

1. (transitive) to carry

   Synonym: portar

2. (transitive) to bring

   Synonym: portar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of dur (second conjugation, irregular, with velar infix)

infinitive			dur
gerund			duent
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		dut		duta
		plural		duts		dutes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	duc	duus, dus	duu, du	duem	dueu	duen
	imperfect	duia	duies	duia	dúiem	dúieu	duien
	future	duré	duràs	durà	durem	dureu	duran
	preterite	duguí	dugueres	dugué	duguérem	duguéreu	dugueren
	conditional	duria	duries	duria	duríem	duríeu	durien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	dugui	duguis	dugui	duguem	dugueu	duguin
	imperfect	dugués	duguessis	dugués	duguéssim	duguéssiu	duguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	duu, du	dugui	duguem	dueu	duguin
	negative (no)	—	no duguis	no dugui	no duguem	no dugueu	no duguin

In Balearic, second person plural present indicative is duis, first person plural present indicative is duim.

Derived terms

• dur a plaça
• dur a terme

Related terms

• abduir
• conduir
• deduir
• duta
• eduir
• induir
• introduir
• produir
• reduir
• seduir
• subduir
• traduir

 

Further reading

• “dur” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “dur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “dur” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “dur” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from German Dur.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdur]
• Hyphenation: dur

Noun

dur n (indeclinable)

1. (music) major

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

• duor

Etymology

From Latin dāre, present active infinitive of dō.

Verb

dur (first-person singular present da, past participle dut)

1. to give

Danish

Etymology

From German Dur, from Latin durus (“hard”).

Noun

dur

1. (music) major

Antonyms

• mol

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin dūrus.

Adjective

dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures) (ORB, broad)

1. hard

   Antonym: dox

References

• dur in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• dur in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”).

Pronunciation

• (Europe) IPA^(key): /dyʁ/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /d͡zʏʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -yʁ

Adjective

dur (feminine dure, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)

1. hard, tough (difficult to penetrate)
2. hard (not soft)
3. hard, tough (not easy, difficult)
4. harsh (e.g. harsh conditions)
5. (art) harsh (of a penstroke)

Derived terms

• à la dure
• avoir la peau dure
• avoir la vie dure
• croire dur comme fer
• c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer
• disque dur
• drogue dure
• dur à cuire
• dur de la feuille
• dur d’oreille
• dur en affaires
• durement
• dureté
• eau dure
• en dur
• palais dur
• pur et dur
• science dure
• signe dur

 

Adverb

dur

1. hard

   travailler dur ― to work hard

Noun

dur m (plural durs)

1. firmness, solidity

Noun

dur m (plural durs, feminine dure)

1. hard case (tough person)

Further reading

• “dur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• dru

Interlingua

Adjective

dur (comparative plus dur, superlative le plus dur)

1. hard, not soft

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit द्वार (dvāra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”).

Noun

dur (Arabic دوُر)

1. house

   Synonyms: abádi, khatumán, ku, kuš

2. door

Latvian

Verb

dur

1. inflection of durt:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of durt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of durt

Lombard

Alternative forms

• dür (Modern orthography)

Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).

Pronunciation

• (Milan) IPA^(key): /dyːr/

Adjective

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine and feminine plural dur) (Classical Milanese orthography)

1. hard
2. tough, harsh
3. stringy (of food)

References

• Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 2, 1843, p. 58

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew- (“hard, fast”). Attested from the 12th century.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural duras)

1. hard (resistant to pressure)
2. difficult

Derived terms

• durament

Related terms

• duretat

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdur/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ur
• Syllabification: dur

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *durь.

Noun

dur m inan

1. typhus (any of several similar diseases, characterized by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria)

   Synonym: tyfus

   dur brzuszny ― typhoid fever

   dur plamisty ― epidemic typhus

   dur powrotny ― relapsing fever

   dur rzekomy ― paratyphoid fever

2. (literary) daze, stupor, befuddlement (state of confusion caused by some strong stimulus, such as love)

   Synonym: zamroczenie

Declension

Declension of dur

	singular
nominative	dur
genitive	duru
dative	durowi
accusative	dur
instrumental	durem
locative	durze
vocative	durze

Related terms

adjective

• durny

 

noun

• dureń

 

verb

• durzyć impf

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German Dur.

Noun

dur m inan (indeclinable, related adjective durowy)

1. (music) major (scale)

   Synonym: major

   Antonyms: minor, moll

Adjective

dur (not comparable, no derived adverb)

1. (music) major (scale)

   Synonyms: durowy, major, majorowy

   Antonyms: minor, minorowy, moll, mollowy

Further reading

• dur I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• dur II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• dur in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romani

Etymology

From Sanskrit दूर (dūrá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s, from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Hindi दूर (dūr), Bengali দূর (dur), Kamkata-viri bādūř, Persian دور (dur).

Adverb

dur

1. far

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French dur, Latin dūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dur/

Adjective

dur m or n (feminine singular dură, masculine plural duri, feminine and neuter plural dure)

1. hard, tough

   Synonym: tare

2. rough, harsh, severe

   Synonyms: aspru, sever

Declension

Declension of dur

		singular			plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine	masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative/ accusative	indefinite	dur		dură	duri	dure
	definite	durul		dura	durii	durele
genitive/ dative	indefinite	dur		dure	duri	dure
	definite	durului		durei	durelor	durilor

Related terms

• duritate

Slovak

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dur]

Noun

dur m inan (genitive singular duru, nominative plural dury, genitive plural durov, declension pattern of dub)

1. (music) major scale

Declension

Declension of dur

	singular	plural
nominative	dur	dury
genitive	duru	durov
dative	duru	durom
accusative	dur	dury
locative	dure	duroch
instrumental	durom	durmi

References

• “dur”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Sursurunga

Adjective

dur

1. dirty

Further reading

• Sursurunga Organised Phonology Data (2011)
• Don Hutchisson, Sursurunga grammar essentials (1975)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ʉːr

Noun

dur c

1. (music) major scale

Related terms

• durackord
• durskala
• durton
• durtonard

References

• dur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)

Turkish

Turkish stop sign

Verb

dur

1. second-person singular imperative of durmak

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh dur, from Proto-Brythonic *dʉr, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /dɨːr/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /diːr/
• Rhymes: -ɨːr
• Homophone: dir (South Wales)

Noun

dur m (uncountable)

1. steel

Adjective

dur (feminine singular dur, plural dur, not comparable)

1. (made of) steel
2. (figurative) steely, hard, cruel

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dur	ddur	nur	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.