brak
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Adjective
[edit]brak (comparative more brak, superlative most brak)
- (South Africa) Brackish.
- 1995, Bill Sheat, Gerald Schofield, Complete Gardening in Southern Africa, page 437:
- Brak soils, which continue to be a subject of research, are unlikely to provide a major stumbling block […] However, brak conditions and their effects underline many of the principles of good soil management […]
Noun
[edit]brak (plural braks)
- (South Africa) A dog of mixed breed; a mongrel.
Anagrams
[edit]Crimean Tatar
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Russian брак (brak), from German Brack (“defective goods, defect, flaw”).
Noun
[edit]brak
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary][1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
- “brak”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)
Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Czech brak, from Middle Low German brak. Compare Polish brak.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]brak m inan
- trash, leftovers, refuse (what is designated as bad; what is is leftover after what is good is taken)
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “brak”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “brak”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “brak”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Dutch brac. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Adjective
[edit]brak (comparative brakker, superlative brakst)
Inflection
[edit]Declension of brak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | brak | |||
inflected | brakke | |||
comparative | brakker | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | brak | brakker | het brakst het brakste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | brakke | brakkere | brakste |
n. sing. | brak | brakker | brakste | |
plural | brakke | brakkere | brakste | |
definite | brakke | brakkere | brakste | |
partitive | braks | brakkers | — |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Dutch bracke. Compare German Bracke, French braque, English brach, Italian bracco, Spanish braco. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Noun
[edit]brak m or f (plural brakken, diminutive brakje n)
Etymology 3
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]brak
Anagrams
[edit]Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]brak
- Romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]brak n (genitive singular braks, no plural)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- brak og brestir (a colossal din)
Further reading
[edit]- “brak” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
Kashubian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]brak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something)
- Synonym: niedostatk
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “brak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2], volume 1, page 117
- “brak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Old Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Middle Low German brak.[1] Compare Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]brak m inan
- choice (what is taken n. selected from a group of individuals of the same kind)
- trash, leftovers, refuse (what is designated as bad; what is is leftover after what is good is taken)
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | brak | braky | braci, brakové |
genitive | braka, braku | brakú | brakóv |
dative | braku | brakoma | brakóm |
accusative | brak | braky | braky |
vocative | brače | braky | braci, brakové |
locative | bracě, braku | brakú | braciech |
instrumental | brakem | brakoma | braky |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
[edit]- Czech: brak
References
[edit]- ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “brak”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “brak”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Middle Low German brak. First attested in 1452. Compare Old Czech brak.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]brak m animacy unattested
- choice, selection
- 1912-1930 [1452], Monumenta Iuris cura praepositorum Chartophylacio Maximo Varsoviensi, volume III, page 223:
- Hannus ... tenetur prouido Laurencio... sexagenarium al. sachczyg drzewa, hoc debet sibi presentare in Gdansko in prima aqua in prato sub eleccione al. pod brakem
- [Hannus ... tenetur prouido Laurencio... sexagenarium al. zachcyg drzewa, hoc debet sibi presentare in Gdansko in prima aqua in prato sub eleccione al. pod brakiem]
Derived terms
[edit]- brakować impf
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “brak”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “brak”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “brak”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “brak”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “brak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]brak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]
- defect (fault or malfunction)
- Synonyms: defekt, feler, minus, niedostatek, wada
- faulty product (defective item that is the result of creation)
- (obsolete) choice; selection
- Synonym: wybór
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Trivia
[edit]According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), brak (noun) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 28 times in scientific texts, 19 times in news, 63 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 12 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 137 times, making it the 437th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
Verb
[edit]brak impf (defective)
- (impersonal) there is/are no; to be wanting [with genitive ‘what there is not’ and dative ‘for/on whom’]
- Synonym: brakować
- Na parkingu brak wolnych miejsc. ― There is no vacant space in the parking lot.
Conjugation
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Kashubian: brak
References
[edit]- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “brak (noun)”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 32
Further reading
[edit]- brak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- brak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “brak”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 199
- brak in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borkъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]brȃk m (Cyrillic spelling бра̑к)
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Silesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]brak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something)
- Synonym: niydostatek
- (Cieszyn Silesia) type, kind
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- brak in silling.org
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]brak n
- a loud crashing sound like the sound of a large tree falling or a structure collapsing
- Trädet föll med ett brak
- The tree came down with a crash
- Ett brak hördes från vardagsrummet
- A loud crash was heard from the living room
Declension
[edit]Declension of brak | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | brak | braket | brak | braken |
Genitive | braks | brakets | braks | brakens |
Derived terms
[edit]- brak- (see there for more derived terms)
- brakare (“loud fart”)
- brakfis (“loud fart”)
- brakskit (“loud fart”)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- brak in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- brak in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- brak in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Uzbek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian брак (brak), from Polish brak, from Middle Low German brak (“flaw, defect; breaking”).
Noun
[edit]brak (plural braklar)
Declension
[edit]* Note: The type of possessive is not specified.
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- South African English
- English terms with quotations
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Crimean Tatar terms borrowed from Russian
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from Russian
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from German
- Crimean Tatar lemmas
- Crimean Tatar nouns
- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Old Czech
- Czech terms derived from Middle Low German
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech velar-stem masculine inanimate nouns
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑk
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑk/1 syllable
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch adjectives
- Dutch colloquialisms
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch nouns with multiple genders
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch verb forms
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/aːk
- Rhymes:Icelandic/aːk/1 syllable
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic neuter nouns
- Icelandic uncountable nouns
- Kashubian terms derived from Old Polish
- Kashubian terms derived from Middle Low German
- Kashubian terms borrowed from Polish
- Kashubian terms derived from Polish
- Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ak
- Rhymes:Kashubian/ak/1 syllable
- Kashubian lemmas
- Kashubian nouns
- Kashubian masculine nouns
- Kashubian inanimate nouns
- Old Czech terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Old Czech terms derived from Middle Low German
- Old Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Czech lemmas
- Old Czech nouns
- Old Czech masculine nouns
- Old Czech inanimate nouns
- Old Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Old Czech hard masculine o-stem nouns
- Old Polish terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Old Polish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Polish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ak
- Rhymes:Polish/ak/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Polish verbs
- Polish defective verbs
- Polish imperfective verbs
- Polish impersonal verbs
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- sh:Marriage
- Silesian terms derived from Middle Low German
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/ak
- Rhymes:Silesian/ak/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian nouns
- Silesian masculine nouns
- Silesian inanimate nouns
- Cieszyn Silesian
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Uzbek terms borrowed from Russian
- Uzbek terms derived from Russian
- Uzbek terms derived from Polish
- Uzbek terms derived from Middle Low German
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek nouns