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absence

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Absence

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English absence, from Old French absence, ausence, from Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“from, away from”) + sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

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  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/, /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩ts/
  • (General American)
    • IPA(key): /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/, /ˈæb.sn̩ts/
    • (in the medical sense) IPA(key): /ˈæbsɒns/, /æbˈsɒns/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: (in the medical sense) -ɒns

Noun

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absence (usually uncountable, plural absences)

  1. A state of being away or withdrawn from a place or from companionship
    Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
  2. The period of someone being away. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    During Jane's absence, Mark will be taking charge.
  3. Failure to be present where one is expected, wanted, or needed; nonattendance; deficiency. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    • 2018 September 15, Barney Ronay, “Finely tuned Liverpool are really getting into Jürgen Klopp’s groove”, in The Guardian‎[1]:
      Harry Kane was an absence in that first half. He touched the ball 11 times despite Spurs taking 62% of possession.
    • 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:
      Then, in January, a creeping tsunami of train cancellations, triggered by major staff absences as a result of the aggressive transmissibility of Omicron, heaped further misery on rail users.
  4. Lack; deficiency; nonexistence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    He had an absence of enthusiasm.
    • 1826, James Kent, Commentaries on American Law:
      in the absence of higher and more authoritative sanctions the ordinances of foreign states, the opinions of eminent statesmen, and the writings of distinguished jurists, are regarded as of great consideration on questions not settled by conventional law
  5. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind). [First attested in the early 18th century.][1]
    absence of mind
  6. (medicine) Temporary loss or disruption of consciousness, with sudden onset and recovery, and common in epilepsy. [First attested in the mid 20th century.][1]
  7. (fencing) Lack of contact between blades.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “absence”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8.

Anagrams

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Czech

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French absence, from Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“of, by, from”) + sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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absence f

  1. absence

Declension

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Declension of absence (soft feminine)
singular plural
nominative absence absence
genitive absence absencí
dative absenci absencím
accusative absenci absence
vocative absence absence
locative absenci absencích
instrumental absencí absencemi
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Further reading

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  • “absence”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “absence”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

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Etymology

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From French absence.

Noun

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absence c (singular definite absencen, plural indefinite absencer)

  1. (medicine) petit mal

Inflection

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Declension of absence
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative absence absencen absencer absencerne
genitive absences absencens absencers absencernes

Synonyms

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References

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French

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Etymology

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From Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“to be away or absent”), from ab (“of, by, from”) + sum (“to be”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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absence f (plural absences)

  1. absence (state of being absent or withdrawn)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Czech: absence
  • → Danish: absence
  • → German: Absence
  • → Luxembourgish: Absence
  • → Romanian: absență

Further reading

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Middle English

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Etymology

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From Old French absence, ausence, from Latin absentia, from absēns (“absent”), present active participle of absum (“I am away or absent”), from ab (“of, by, from”) + sum (“I am”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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absence (plural absences)

  1. Being away or elsewhere; absence.
  2. Nonattendance or nonexistence; failure to appear.
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Descendants

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References

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  • Stratmann, Francis Henry with Henry Bradley (First published 1891) A Dictionary of Middle English‎[2], London: Oxford University Press, published 1954, page 3
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