Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yós

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

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Etymology

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    Thematisation of *ís.[1]

    Pronoun

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    *yós or *Hyós[1][2]

    1. that, who, which (relative)

    Inflection

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    Thematic pronominal
    masculine feminine
    nominative *yós *yéh₂
    genitive *yósyo *yósyeh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *yós *yóh₁ *yóy
    accusative *yóm *yóh₁ *yóms
    genitive *yósyo *? *yóysoHom
    ablative *yósmead *? *yóymos, *yóybʰos
    dative *yósmey *? *yóymos, *yóybʰos
    locative *yósmi *? *yóysu
    instrumental *yónoh₁ *? *yṓys
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *yéh₂ *? *yéh₂es
    accusative *yā́m *? *yéh₂m̥s
    genitive *yósyeh₂s *? *yéh₂soHom
    ablative *yósyeh₂s *? *yéh₂mos, *yéh₂bʰos
    dative *yósyeh₂ey *? *yéh₂mos, *yéh₂bʰos
    locative *yósyeh₂ *? *yéh₂su
    instrumental *yéh₂(e)h₁ *? *yéh₂mis, *yéh₂bʰis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *yód *yóy *yéh₂
    accusative *yód *yóy *yéh₂
    genitive *yósyo *? *yóysoHom
    ablative *yósmead *? *yóymos, *yóybʰos
    dative *yósmey *? *yóymos, *yóybʰos
    locative *yósmi *? *yóysu
    instrumental *yónoh₁ *? *yṓys

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *jь (partially) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *yos, *yo
      • Celtiberian: ios
      • Gaulish: -ío
    • Proto-Hellenic: *yós
      • Ancient Greek: ὅς (hós)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyás (see there for further descendants)
    • Italic:
      • Latin: iam (< *jā́m)
    • Phrygian: ιος (ios /⁠jos⁠/)
    • Unsorted formations:

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 396
    2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τοῖος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1491
    4. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yátra”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University


    v • d • e
    PIE pronouns

    *éǵh₂ · *wéy · *túh₂ · *yū́ · *swé · *só · *ís · *kʷís · *h₁énos · *yós

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