Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiljô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *wiljaną (“to want”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwil.jɔːː/

Noun

*wiljô m

1. will, wish, desire

Inflection

Declension of *wiljô (an-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*wiljô	*wiljaniz
Vocative	*wiljô	*wiljaniz
Accusative	*wiljanų	*wiljanunz
Genitive	*wiliniz	*wiljanǫ̂
Dative	*wilini	*wiljammaz
Instrumental	*wilinē	*wiljammiz

Derived terms

• *Wiljahelmaz
• *wilinōną
• *wiljōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *willjō
  • Old English: willa
    • Middle English: wille
      • English: will
      • Scots: wil, will
  • Old Frisian: willa, wella
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: wel

      Mooring: wale

    • Saterland Frisian: wolle
    • West Frisian: wolle
  • Old Saxon: willio
    • Middle Low German: wille
      • German Low German: Wille, Will
  • Old Dutch: willo
    • Middle Dutch: wille
      • Dutch: wil
        • Afrikaans: wil
        • Negerhollands: wil, wille
      • Limburgish: wil
  • Old High German: willo, willio
    • Middle Low German: wille
      • Cimbrian: bill
      • German: Wille
      • Luxembourgish: Wëllen
• Old Norse: vili (stem vilj-)
  • Icelandic: vilji m
  • Faroese: vilji m
  • Norwegian Bokmål: vilje m
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: vilje m, vile m (nonstandard, dialectal)
  • Jamtish: vili m
  • Elfdalian: wile m
  • Old Swedish: vili m, vilie m, vilia f
    • Swedish: vilja f, vilje
      • → Elfdalian: wila f
  • Old Danish: vilje, vilge, vilgie
    • Danish: vilje
  • Gutnish: vilä m
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰 (wilja)
• Vandalic: *wilja- (in personal names)

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN