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See also:
U+958B, 開
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-958B

[U+958A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+958C]
開 U+2F9EE, 開
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9EE
𨯺
[U+2F9ED]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 䦕
[U+2F9EF]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 169, +4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓一廿 (ANMT), four-corner 77441, composition (U+958B) or (U+2F9EE))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1331, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41233
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1835, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4286, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+958B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (door) + (latch) + (a pair of hands) — a pair of hands opening a latched door. and are combined into since the seal script.

Compare .

Etymology 1

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trad.
simp. *
alternative forms
𫔭 obsolete Singapore simplified

𨴉
𨳩
𨴂
𫔭 obsolete Singapore simplified

𨴉
𨳩
𨴂
𨵹
𨶘
𨵑
 

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-k(w)a-j (mouth; opening; spread; door; face; jaw). Cognate with (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “door”), Tibetan (kha, mouth), Tibetan སྒོ (sgo, door).

The word is possibly a colloquial variant of (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls) (Schuessler, 2007). Proto-Mien *kʰu̯ɔiᴬ (to open) (whence Iu Mien kʰɔi¹) and Thai ไข (kǎi) are Chinese loans (Ratliff, 2010).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kŭi - vernacular;
  • kăi - literary.
Note:
  • khui - vernacular;
  • khai - literary.
Note:
  • kui1 - vernacular;
  • kai1 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (29)
Final () (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter khoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰʌi/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰəi/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰəj/
Li
Rong
/kʰᴀi/
Wang
Li
/kʰɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
kāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hoi1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
kāi kāi
Middle
Chinese
‹ khoj › ‹ khoj ›
Old
Chinese
/*Nə-[k]ʰˁəj/ /*[k]ʰˁəj/
English to open (v.i.) to open (v.t.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 7348
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰɯːl/

Definitions

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  1. to open; to unlatch; to unfasten
    不到 [MSC, trad.]
    不到 [MSC, simp.]
    kāi budào zhè shàn mén. [Pinyin]
    I can't open the door.
    商店商店  ―  Shāngdiàn kāi dào bā diǎn.  ―  The shop opens till eight o'clock.
  2. to start; to turn on; to switch on
    電燈电灯  ―  kāi diàndēng  ―  to switch the light on
    電腦电脑  ―  kāi diànnǎo  ―  to turn on the computer
  3. to make an opening; to open up
      ―  kāihuāng  ―  to open up wasteland
    運河运河  ―  kāi yùnhé  ―  to dig a canal
      ―  zài qiáng shàng kāi ge dòng  ―  to make a hole in the wall
  4. (of a flower) to open out; to bloom
      ―  Huā kāi le.  ―  The flower is blooming.
  5. (of a frozen river) to thaw
  6. to split; to divide; to cut
    [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 hoi1 ji6 [Jyutping]  ―  one split into two
  7. to begin; to start
      ―  kāigōng  ―  to start working
      ―  kāixué  ―  to start school
  8. to start; to set up; to open
    燒臘烧腊 [Cantonese]  ―  hoi1 gaan1 siu1 laap6 pou3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to open a roasted meats shop
    銀行帳戶 [MSC, trad.]
    银行帐户 [MSC, simp.]
    kāi le ge yínxíng zhànghù. [Pinyin]
    I opened a bank account.
  9. to remove (a ban or restriction)
      ―  kāijìn  ―  to lift a ban
      ―  kāizhāi  ―  to resume a meat diet
  10. to boil (bubble and turn to vapour)
    沒有没有  ―  Shuǐ kāi le méiyǒu?  ―  Has the water boiled?
  11. to write out (a prescription, check, invoice, etc.)
    支票支票  ―  kāi zhīpiào  ―  to write a check
    我們學生 [MSC, trad.]
    我们学生 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen kāi le yī zhāng xuéshēng bìdú shūdān. [Pinyin]
    We made a list of required books for students.
    醫生抗生素 [Cantonese, trad.]
    医生抗生素 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ji1 sang1 hoi1 zo2 di1 kong3 sang1 sou3 bei2 ngo5. [Jyutping]
    The doctor prescribed me some antibiotics.
  12. to book (a hotel room)
  13. to operate/run a business
  14. to hold (a meeting, exhibition, etc.)
      ―  kāihuì  ―  to hold a meeting
    partyparty [Cantonese]  ―  hoi1 paa1 ti4 [Jyutping]  ―  to hold a party
  15. to pay
    工資工资  ―  kāi gōngzī  ―  to pay wages
  16. to operate; to drive (a vehicle)
      ―  kāichē  ―  to drive a car
      ―  kāipào  ―  to fire a cannon
    船長對岸 [MSC, trad.]
    船长对岸 [MSC, simp.]
    Chuánzhǎng bǎ chuán kāi dào duì'àn qù. [Pinyin]
    The captain sailed the boat to the opposite bank.
    火車已經火车已经  ―  Huǒchē yǐjīng kāi le.  ―  The train has already departed.
    做咩 [Cantonese, trad.]
    做咩 [Cantonese, simp.]
    hoi1 gam3 faai3 zou6 me1 zek1? [Jyutping]
    What's the point of driving so fast?
  17. (Cantonese) to make a liquid mixture
    奶粉奶粉 [Cantonese]  ―  hoi1 naai5 fan2 [Jyutping]  ―  to make milk from formula
  18. apart; away
      ―  sànkāi  ―  to separate and strew; to scatter; to disperse
      ―  zǒukāi  ―  to move out of the way
    [Cantonese]  ―  co5 hoi1 [Jyutping]  ―  to sit farther away
    唔好 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔好 [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 hou2 jau4 gam3 hoi1. [Jyutping]
    Don't swim so far away.
  19. (informal) Short for 開除开除 (kāichú, “to fire; to sack; to discharge; to dismiss”).
  20. (informal) to eat up
  21. (Cantonese, archaic) Progressive aspect particle, used to express that an event is/was in progress.
  22. (Cantonese) Inceptive and continuous aspect particle, used to express that an event has started and continues on for a while.
  23. (Cantonese) Habitual aspect particle.
    有冇乜嘢 [Cantonese, trad.]
    有冇乜嘢 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 jau5 mou5 sik6 hoi1 di1 mat1 je5 joek6 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Are you taking any medications?
  24. (Cantonese) Converbal aspect particle used to express a condition or rationale.
    豉油 [Cantonese, trad.]
    𩠌豉油 [Cantonese, simp.]
    heoi3 hoi1 maai5 sung3, bong1 ngo5 maai5 zeon1 si6 jau4 aa1. [Jyutping]
    When you go and do your groceries, buy a bottle of soy sauce for me.
  25. (Chinese phonetics) Short for 開口开口 (kāikǒu, “open-mouthed”).
  26. (Hokkien) to spend (money)
  27. a surname
Synonyms
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Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of to open, to turn on): (guān)
  • (antonym(s) of apart):
Compounds
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Descendants
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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (かい) (kai)
  • Vietnamese: khai ()

Others:

  • Lao: ໄຂ (khai, open)
  • Thai: ไข (kǎi, open)
  • Vietnamese: khơi
  • Zhuang: hai (open)

Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. *
alternative forms K

Borrowed from English K (karat).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. karat (measure of gold purity)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad.
simp. *

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (physics) Short for 開爾文开尔文 (kāi'ěrwén, “kelvin”).

Etymology 4

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trad.
simp. *
alternative forms

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Definitions

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  1. (dialectal Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) Perfective aspect particle.
Synonyms
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Japanese

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Ryakuji for 開, based on ryakuji for ; compare also and 𫔭.

Kanji

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(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. open

Readings

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of to open):

Derived terms

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
かい
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC khoj).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(かい) (kai

  1. open
  2. start; beginning

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC khoj). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄀᆡ (koy) (Yale: koy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (yeol gae))

  1. hanja form? of (open)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: khai[1][2][3][4]
: Nôm readings: khơi[5], khui[5]

  1. (literary) chữ Hán form of khai (to open, to start, to begin).
  2. Nôm form of khui (to open, to pry open).

References

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