溺

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See also: 尿
溺 U+6EBA, 溺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EBA
← 溹
[U+6EB9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 溻 →
[U+6EBB]
溺 U+F9EC, 溺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EC
← 匿
[U+F9EB] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 吝 →
[U+F9ED]

Translingual

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Han character

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溺 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水弓一一 (ENMM), four-corner 37127, composition ⿰氵弱)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 641, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17990
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1048, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1710, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6EBA

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 溺
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (弱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嫋 *neːwʔ
弱 *njewɢ
溺 *njewɢ, *neːwɢ
蒻 *njewɢ
搦 *rneːwɢ, *rnaːwɢ
愵 *neːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njewɢ, *neːwɢ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 弱 (OC *njewɢ).

Etymology 1

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trad. 溺
simp. # 溺
alternative forms 㲻
氼

Schuessler (2007) proposes the following possibilities:

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 溺
Mandarin Beijing /ni⁵¹/
Harbin /ni⁵³/
Tianjin /ni⁵³/
Jinan /ȵi²¹/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ni³¹²/
Xi'an /ni²¹/
Xining /mji²¹³/
Yinchuan /ni¹³/
Lanzhou /ȵi¹³/
Ürümqi /ȵi²¹³/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵie³¹/
/ȵi³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /liʔ⁵/
Hefei /liəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /niəʔ²/
Pingyao /ȵiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /niəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ni²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /ȵi²⁴/
Xiangtan /ȵi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /nit̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /nek̚²/
Nanning /nek̚²²/
Hong Kong /nek̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /niʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ni²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /nek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /niɔk̚⁵/
Rime
Character 溺
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 錫 (127)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴歷切
Baxter nek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/nek̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/nek̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/nɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/nɛjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/nek̚/
Wang
Li 		/niek̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/niek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		nì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		nik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 溺
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		nì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nˁewk/
English to sink in water

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 溺
Reading # 2/2
No. 10952
Phonetic
component 		弱
Rime
group 		藥
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		惄
Old
Chinese 		/*neːwɢ/

Definitions

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溺

  1. to drown; to submerge
  2. to indulge; to be addicted
  3. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 溺
simp. # 溺

Pronunciation

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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 溺
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		niào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ newH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kə.nˁewk-s/
English urine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

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溺

  1. Alternative form of 尿 (“urine; to urinate”)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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trad. 溺
simp. # 溺

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 溺
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 藥 (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而灼切
Baxter nyak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵiɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑiɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵɨak̚/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiak̚/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭak̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ruò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		joek6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 溺
Reading # 1/2
No. 10948
Phonetic
component 		弱
Rime
group 		藥
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		若
Old
Chinese 		/*njewɢ/

Definitions

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溺

  1. ‡ Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “name of a river”)
  2. † Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “weak”)

Japanese

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Kanji

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溺

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to drown
  2. (rare) urine

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
溺
にょう
Grade: S
goon
For pronunciation and definitions of 溺 – see the following entry.
【尿にょう】S
[noun] [from 1275] urine
(This term, 溺, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 溺 (MC nek).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

溺 (eumhun 빠질 닉 (ppajil nik), word-initial (South Korea) 빠질 익 (ppajil ik))

  1. hanja form? of 닉/익 (“drown”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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Related to Middle Chinese 尿 (MC newH).

Hanja

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溺 (eumhun 오줌 뇨 (ojum nyo), word-initial (South Korea) 오줌 요 (ojum yo))

  1. Alternative form of 尿 (“hanja form? of 뇨/요 (“urine”)”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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溺: Hán Nôm readings: nịch, niệu, nịu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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