海
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Translingual
[edit]Japanese | 海 |
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Simplified | 海 |
Traditional | 海 |
Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
[edit]In Chinese, the bottom right component is 母 with 2 dots, yielding 海. In Japanese shinjitai, this component is simplified to 毋 (1 cross stroke), yielding 海 (氵+毎). Both forms are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint – see Han unification.
Han character
[edit]海 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7 in Chinese and Korean, 水+6 in Japanese, 10 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 水人田卜 (EOWY) or 水人田十 (EOWJ), four-corner 38157, composition ⿰氵每(GHTKV or U+FA45) or ⿰氵毎(J or U+2F901))
Derived characters
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 625, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17450
- Dae Jaweon: page 1023, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1627, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6D77
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
海 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 海 | ||
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Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
呣 | *mɯ |
拇 | *mɯʔ |
母 | *mɯʔ |
胟 | *mɯʔ |
姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
畮 | *mɯʔ |
踇 | *mɯʔ |
苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
毋 | *ma |
梅 | *mɯː |
酶 | *mɯː |
鋂 | *mɯː |
每 | *mɯːʔ |
毎 | *mɯːs |
痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
晦 | *hmɯːs |
誨 | *hmɯːs |
悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
霉 | *mrɯl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *hmlɯːʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).
Etymology
[edit]Probably related to 晦 (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”); in numerous Zhou texts 海 is described as 晦 (Schuessler, 2007). Compare the parallelism in Chinese: 溟 (OC *meːŋ, *meːŋʔ, “ocean”) < 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”).
STEDT compares 海 (OC *hmlɯːʔ) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hai3
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хэ (he, II)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoi2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): hoi2
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): hoi2
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoi2
- Gan (Wiktionary): hai3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): hai2
- Northern Min (KCR): huǒi
- Eastern Min (BUC): hāi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5he / 3he
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hai3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hǎi
- Wade–Giles: hai3
- Yale: hǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hae
- Palladius: хай (xaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: hai3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xaai
- Sinological IPA (key): /xai⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хэ (he, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xɛ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hoi2
- Yale: hói
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi2
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hoi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hᵘɔi⁵⁵/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: hoi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔi²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: hai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hai²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hói
- Hakka Romanization System: hoiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hoi3
- Sinological IPA: /hoi̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hai2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xai⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huǒi
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuɛ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /hai³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: hai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /xai̯⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 海 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /xai²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /xai²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /xai¹³/ | |
Jinan | /xɛ⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /xɛ⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /xai⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /xai⁵³/ | |
Xining | /xɛ⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /xɛ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /xɛ⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /xai⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /xai⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /xai⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /xai⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /xæ⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /xae²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /xe̞²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /xai⁵³/ |
Pingyao | /xæ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /xɛ⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /he³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /he̞⁵¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /he̞⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /he³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /xɛ³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /xuə³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xai⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /xai⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /hai²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hoi³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /hoi³¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɔi³⁵/ |
Nanning | /hɔi³⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /hɔi³⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hai⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hai³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xuɛ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hai⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hai²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: xojX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hmlɯːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]海
- sea; ocean
- big lake
- (Cantonese) wide river
- (of containers, amount, etc.) big; large
- overseas; abroad
- (figurative) sea; abundance; infiniteness
- (dialectal, colloquial) profuse; numerous
- (dialectal, colloquial) unrestrainedly; randomly; casually
- a surname. Hai (mainland China, Taiwan), Hoi (Hong Kong)
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 海 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 海 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 海 |
Taiwan | 海 | |
Malaysia | 海 | |
Singapore | 海 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 海 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 海 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 海 |
Wuhan | 海 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 海 |
Hefei | 海 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 海 |
Hong Kong | 海 | |
Yangjiang | 海 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 海 |
Hakka | Meixian | 海 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 海 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 海 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 海 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 海 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 海 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 海 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 海 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 海 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 海 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 海 |
Chaozhou | 海 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 海 |
Suzhou | 海 | |
Wenzhou | 海 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 海 |
Shuangfeng | 海 |
Compounds
[edit]- 下海 (xiàhǎi)
- 三海 (Sānhǎi)
- 上海 (Shànghǎi)
- 上海灘/上海滩 (Shànghǎitān)
- 中南海 (Zhōngnánhǎi)
- 中國海/中国海 (Zhōngguóhǎi)
- 中海 (zhōnghǎi)
- 人海 (rénhǎi)
- 仙海
- 佛海 (fóhǎi)
- 內海/内海 (nèihǎi)
- 內陸海/内陆海
- 八仙過海,各顯神通/八仙过海,各显神通 (bāxiānguòhǎi, gèxiǎnshéntōng)
- 公海 (gōnghǎi)
- 出海 (chūhǎi)
- 制海
- 制海權/制海权
- 劉海/刘海 (liúhǎi)
- 劉海蟾/刘海蟾
- 北極海/北极海 (Běijíhǎi)
- 北海 (Běihǎi)
- 北海岸
- 北海道 (Běihǎidào)
- 南海 (Nánhǎi)
- 南海子
- 四海 (sìhǎi)
- 地中海 (Dìzhōnghǎi)
- 填海 (tiánhǎi)
- 外海 (wàihǎi)
- 大海 (dàhǎi)
- 大海撈針/大海捞针 (dàhǎilāozhēn)
- 大陸海/大陆海
- 威海 (Wēihǎi)
- 威海衛/威海卫 (Wēihǎiwèi)
- 學海/学海 (xuéhǎi)
- 宦海 (huànhǎi)
- 小上海 (Xiǎo Shànghǎi)
- 居延海 (Jūyánhǎi)
- 山海經/山海经 (Shānhǎijīng)
- 山海關/山海关 (Shānhǎiguān)
- 左海 (zuǒhǎi)
- 巨海
- 性海
- 恨海
- 情海
- 愁海
- 愛海/爱海
- 愛琴海/爱琴海 (Àiqín Hǎi)
- 慧海
- 排山倒海 (páishāndǎohǎi)
- 探海 (tànhǎi)
- 政海
- 日本海 (Rìběnhǎi)
- 星宿海
- 會海/会海
- 月海 (yuèhǎi)
- 果海
- 東海/东海 (Dōnghǎi)
- 東海岸/东海岸 (Dōnghǎi'àn)
- 桂海
- 業海/业海
- 欲海
- 死海 (Sǐhǎi)
- 氣海/气海
- 沿海 (yánhǎi)
- 河海
- 法海
- 洱海 (Ěrhǎi)
- 海上 (hǎishàng)
- 海上權/海上权
- 海上法
- 海不揚波/海不扬波 (hǎibùyángbō)
- 海事 (hǎishì)
- 海京
- 海侵 (hǎiqīn)
- 海倫/海伦 (Hǎilún)
- 海兔 (hǎitù)
- 海內/海内 (hǎinèi)
- 海凸
- 海匪
- 海區/海区 (hǎiqū)
- 海協會/海协会 (Hǎixiéhuì)
- 海南戲/海南戏
- 海參/海参 (hǎishēn)
- 海參崴/海参崴
- 海口 (hǎikǒu)
- 海味 (hǎiwèi)
- 海員/海员 (hǎiyuán)
- 海員節/海员节
- 海商
- 海商法 (hǎishāngfǎ)
- 海嘯/海啸 (hǎixiào)
- 海國/海国
- 海圖/海图
- 海地 (Hǎidì)
- 海地斯
- 海地角
- 海埔地
- 海埔姜
- 海域 (hǎiyù)
- 海基會/海基会 (Hǎijīhuì)
- 海報/海报 (hǎibào)
- 海堤 (hǎidī)
- 海塘
- 海塗/海涂 (hǎitú)
- 海壇/海坛 (Hǎitán)
- 海外 (hǎiwài)
- 海外版
- 海夫人
- 海女
- 海子 (hǎizi)
- 海安 (Hǎi'ān)
- 海宇 (hǎiyǔ)
- 海安集 (Hǎi'ānjí)
- 海客 (hǎikè)
- 海寇 (hǎikòu)
- 海寧/海宁 (Hǎiníng)
- 海岬 (hǎijiǎ)
- 海岱
- 海岸 (hǎi'àn)
- 海岸帶/海岸带
- 海岸流
- 海岸炮 (hǎi'ànpào)
- 海岸線/海岸线 (hǎi'ànxiàn)
- 海峽/海峡 (hǎixiá)
- 海島/海岛 (hǎidǎo)
- 海崖
- 海嶠/海峤
- 海嶺/海岭
- 海嶽/海岳
- 海市蜃樓/海市蜃楼 (hǎishìshènlóu)
- 海師/海师
- 海帶/海带 (hǎidài)
- 海帶卷/海带卷
- 海帶芽/海带芽 (hǎidàiyá)
- 海平階/海平阶
- 海床 (hǎichuáng)
- 海底 (hǎidǐ)
- 海底山
- 海底撈月/海底捞月 (hǎidǐ lāoyuè)
- 海底撈針/海底捞针 (hǎidǐlāozhēn)
- 海底眼
- 海建 (Hǎijiàn)
- 海得拉巴 (Hǎidélābā)
- 海德堡 (Hǎidébǎo)
- 海成層/海成层
- 海戰/海战 (hǎizhàn)
- 海扇
- 海拔 (hǎibá)
- 海拉爾/海拉尔 (Hǎilā'ěr)
- 海捕
- 海損/海损
- 海新 (Hǎixīn)
- 海昌藍/海昌蓝
- 海星 (hǎixīng)
- 海曲 (hǎiqū)
- 海月
- 海松
- 海東青/海东青 (hǎidōngqīng)
- 海柱
- 海枯石爛/海枯石烂 (hǎikūshílàn)
- 海核 (Hǎihé)
- 海桐科
- 海桐花
- 海棗/海枣 (hǎizǎo)
- 海棠 (hǎitáng)
- 海椒 (hǎijiāo)
- 海棠果
- 海樣/海样
- 海樓/海楼
- 海檬果
- 海氛
- 海水 (hǎishuǐ)
- 海水浴 (hǎishuǐyù)
- 海水面
- 海水鹽/海水盐
- 海法 (Hǎifǎ)
- 海況/海况 (hǎikuàng)
- 海河 (Hǎi Hé)
- 海沫
- 海波 (hǎibō)
- 海泡石
- 海流 (hǎiliú)
- 海派 (Hǎipài)
- 海洋 (hǎiyáng)
- 海洛因 (hǎiluòyīn)
- 海洋學/海洋学 (hǎiyángxué)
- 海洋權/海洋权
- 海洋線/海洋线
- 海洋能
- 海流計/海流计
- 海浪 (hǎilàng)
- 海涵 (hǎihán)
- 海港 (hǎigǎng)
- 海溝/海沟 (hǎigōu)
- 海漂杯
- 海潮 (hǎicháo)
- 海澄 (Hǎichéng)
- 海潮音
- 海濱/海滨 (hǎibīn)
- 海濤/海涛
- 海灘/海滩 (hǎitān)
- 海灣/海湾 (hǎiwān)
- 海烏/海乌
- 海熊
- 海燈/海灯
- 海燕 (hǎiyàn)
- 海牙 (Hǎiyá)
- 海牛 (hǎiniú)
- 海狗 (hǎigǒu)
- 海狶 (hǎixī)
- 海狸 (hǎilí)
- 海狸鼠
- 海獅/海狮 (hǎishī)
- 海獸/海兽 (hǎishòu)
- 海獺/海獭 (hǎitǎ)
- 海王星 (Hǎiwángxīng)
- 海產/海产 (hǎichǎn)
- 海疆
- 海病
- 海白菜
- 海百合
- 海盆
- 海盜/海盗 (hǎidào)
- 海監/海监
- 海盤車/海盘车 (hǎipánchē)
- 海砂屋
- 海碗 (hǎiwǎn)
- 海神 (hǎishén)
- 海禁 (hǎijìn)
- 海程 (hǎichéng)
- 海積/海积
- 海端 (Hǎiduān)
- 海筆/海笔
- 海米 (hǎimǐ)
- 海綿/海绵 (hǎimián)
- 海綿刷/海绵刷
- 海綿田/海绵田
- 海綠石/海绿石
- 海綿鐵/海绵铁
- 海綿體/海绵体 (hǎimiántǐ)
- 海線/海线
- 海罵/海骂
- 海脊
- 海膽/海胆 (hǎidǎn)
- 海臺/海台
- 海芋
- 海花石
- 海苔 (hǎitái)
- 海若
- 海英 (Hǎiyīng)
- 海草 (hǎicǎo)
- 海菜 (hǎicài)
- 海葬 (hǎizàng)
- 海葵 (hǎikuí)
- 海葡萄 (hǎipútáo)
- 海藍/海蓝
- 海藻 (hǎizǎo)
- 海藻蟲/海藻虫
- 海蛇 (hǎishé)
- 海蛆
- 海蜇 (hǎizhé)
- 海蜒
- 海蜇皮 (hǎizhépí)
- 海蛾魚/海蛾鱼
- 海蜘蛛 (hǎizhīzhū)
- 海蝦/海虾
- 海蝕/海蚀
- 海蝕崖/海蚀崖
- 海蝕柱/海蚀柱
- 海蝕門/海蚀门
- 海螄/海蛳
- 海螺 (hǎiluó)
- 海螵蛸 (hǎipiāoxiāo)
- 海蟹
- 海行
- 海表
- 海被
- 海西 (Hǎixī)
- 海西蒙古族藏族自治州
- 海角 (hǎijiǎo)
- 海角天涯
- 海話/海话
- 海谷
- 海豐/海丰 (Hǎifēng)
- 海豚 (hǎitún)
- 海豚座 (Hǎitúnzuò)
- 海豚泳
- 海象 (hǎixiàng)
- 海豬/海猪 (hǎizhū)
- 海豹 (hǎibào)
- 海貨/海货
- 海賊/海贼 (hǎizéi)
- 海路 (hǎilù)
- 海跡湖/海迹湖
- 海軍/海军 (hǎijūn)
- 海軍呢/海军呢
- 海軍岸防兵/海军岸防兵
- 海軍旗/海军旗
- 海軍航空兵/海军航空兵 (hǎijūn hángkōng bīng)
- 海軍陸戰隊/海军陆战队 (hǎijūn lùzhànduì)
- 海輕風/海轻风
- 海輪/海轮
- 海退
- 海進/海进
- 海運/海运 (hǎiyùn)
- 海道
- 海邊/海边 (hǎibiān)
- 海郎
- 海里 (hǎilǐ)
- 海量 (hǎiliàng)
- 海金沙 (hǎijīnshā)
- 海釣/海钓 (hǎidiào)
- 海錯/海错
- 海鏡/海镜
- 海門/海门 (hǎimén)
- 海闊天空/海阔天空 (hǎikuòtiānkōng)
- 海關/海关 (hǎiguān)
- 海防 (hǎifáng)
- 海防林
- 海陬
- 海陸/海陆 (hǎilù)
- 海隅 (hǎiyú)
- 海陽/海阳 (Hǎiyáng)
- 海難/海难 (hǎinàn)
- 海震 (hǎizhèn)
- 海霧/海雾
- 海靈/海灵 (hǎilíng)
- 海青 (hǎiqīng)
- 海面 (hǎimiàn)
- 海鞘 (hǎiqiào)
- 海風/海风 (hǎifēng)
- 海馬/海马 (hǎimǎ)
- 海魂衫
- 海魚/海鱼 (hǎiyú)
- 海鮮/海鲜 (hǎixiān)
- 海鯽/海鲫
- 海鰓/海鳃
- 海鰌/海䲡
- 海鰻/海鳗 (hǎimán)
- 海鳥/海鸟 (hǎiniǎo)
- 海鶻/海鹘
- 海鷗/海鸥 (hǎi'ōu)
- 海鹽/海盐
- 海鹽腔/海盐腔 (hǎiyánqiāng)
- 海龍/海龙 (hǎilóng)
- 海龍王/海龙王
- 海龜/海龟 (hǎiguī)
- 淺海/浅海 (qiǎnhǎi)
- 淵海/渊海
- 淺海區/浅海区
- 淮海戲/淮海戏
- 淺海波/浅海波
- 湖海 (húhǎi)
- 渡海 (dùhǎi)
- 渤海 (Bó Hǎi)
- 渤海國/渤海国 (Bóhǎiguó)
- 湖海氣/湖海气
- 滄海/沧海 (cānghǎi)
- 滄海一粟/沧海一粟 (cānghǎiyīsù)
- 滄海桑田/沧海桑田 (cānghǎisāngtián)
- 漲海/涨海
- 濱海/滨海 (bīnhǎi)
- 瀏海/浏海 (liúhǎi)
- 瀛海 (yínghǎi)
- 瀚海 (Hànhǎi)
- 火海 (huǒhǎi)
- 烏梁海 (Wūliánghǎi)
- 煙海/烟海 (yānhǎi)
- 熱海/热海 (Rèhǎi)
- 玄海
- 王海 (Wánghǎi)
- 玉海
- 珠海 (Zhūhǎi)
- 班達海/班达海
- 環海/环海
- 瓊海/琼海 (Qiónghǎi)
- 甌海/瓯海 (Ōuhǎi)
- 甜水海 (Tiánshuǐhǎi)
- 生死海
- 留海 (liúhǎi)
- 白令海 (Báilìng Hǎi)
- 白海 (Báihǎi)
- 瞞天過海/瞒天过海 (mántiānguòhǎi)
- 硯海/砚海
- 碧海 (bìhǎi)
- 福如東海/福如东海 (fúrúdōnghǎi)
- 秋海棠 (qiūhǎitáng)
- 稗海
- 筆海/笔海
- 篇海
- 紅海/红海 (Hónghǎi)
- 緣海/缘海
- 翰海
- 老海 (lǎohǎi)
- 胖大海 (pàngdàhǎi)
- 腦海/脑海 (nǎohǎi)
- 膨大海
- 臺海/台海 (Táihǎi)
- 航海 (hánghǎi)
- 航海家 (hánghǎijiā)
- 航海曆/航海历
- 航海節/航海节
- 花海
- 苦海 (kǔhǎi)
- 蒼海/苍海 (cānghǎi)
- 薄海 (bóhǎi)
- 血海 (xuèhǎi)
- 表海
- 裡海/里海 (Lǐ Hǎi)
- 裨海
- 西海 (Xīhǎi)
- 覺海/觉海
- 觀海/观海
- 討海/讨海 (tǎohǎi)
- 討海人/讨海人 (tǎohǎirén)
- 誇海口/夸海口
- 說海口/说海口
- 跑海
- 跨海 (kuàhǎi)
- 跳火海
- 蹈海
- 辭海/辞海 (Cíhǎi)
- 近海 (jìnhǎi)
- 通海口 (Tōnghǎikǒu)
- 鄂霍次克海 (Èhuòcìkè Hǎi)
- 銀海/银海
- 鎮海/镇海 (Zhènhǎi)
- 阿克托海 (Ākètuōhǎi)
- 陸海/陆海
- 陸緣海/陆缘海 (lùyuánhǎi)
- 陰陽海/阴阳海
- 隔海
- 雲海/云海 (yúnhǎi)
- 青海 (Qīnghǎi)
- 青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)
- 領海/领海 (lǐnghǎi)
- 飛過海/飞过海
- 鬼海
- 鹹海/咸海 (Xiánhǎi)
- 黃海/黄海 (Huáng Hǎi)
- 黑海 (Hēihǎi)
- 墨海 (mòhǎi)
- 龍海/龙海 (Lónghǎi)
Descendants
[edit]Others:
References
[edit]- “海”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[4], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 海 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
海 海 or 海+ ︀ ?
|
![]() |
海󠄀 海+ 󠄀 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
海󠄃 海+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit](Second grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 海)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
- Kun: うみ (umi, 海, Jōyō); わた (wata, 海); わだ (wada, 海)
- Nanori: あ (a); あま (ama); うな (una); うみ (umi); うん (un); え (e); か (ka); た (ta); ひろ (hiro); ひろし (hiroshi); ぶ (bu); まち (machi); まま (mama); み (mi); め (me); わたる (wataru)
Compounds
[edit]- 海運 (kaiun, “marine transportation”)
- 海外 (kaigai, “abroad, foreign country”)
- 海岸 (kaigan, “coast, seashore, seacoast”)
- 海峡 (kaikyō, “strait”)
- 海軍 (kaigun, “navy”)
- 海獣 (kaijū, “marine animal”)
- 海嘯 (kaishō, “tidal wave”)
- 海上 (kaijō, “on the sea, marine, maritime”)
- 海王星 (Kaiōsei, “Neptune”)
- 海神 (kaijin, “sea god/spirit”)
- 海図 (kaizu, “sea chart, water map”)
- 海水 (kaisui, “seawater”)
- 海鮮 (kaisen, “seafood”)
- 海戦 (kaisen, “naval battle”)
- 海草 (kaisō, “seagrass”)
- 海藻 (kaisō, “seaweed”)
- 海賊 (kaizoku, “pirate”)
- 海中 (kaichū)
- 海底 (kaitei, “seabed”)
- 海藤 (kaidō)
- 海難 (kainan, “marine”)
- 海馬 (kaiba, “sea lion”)
- 海抜 (kaibatsu, “above sea level”)
- 海錨 (kaibyō, “sea anchor”)
- 海辺 (kaihen, “seaside”)
- 海洋 (kaiyō, “marine”)
- 海流 (kairyū, “sea current, ocean trend”)
- 海豹 (azarashi)
- 海驢 (ashika)
- 熱海 (Atami)
- 海人 (ama), 海士 (ama), 海女 (ama, “diver”)
- 海参 (iriko), 煎海鼠 (iriko)
- 海豚 (iruka, “dolphin”)
- 海胆 (uni)
- 海老 (ebi, “shrimp, prawn, lobster”)
- 淡海 (ōmi)
- 海髪 (ogo), 海髪 (ogonori)
- 海月 (kurage, “jellyfish”)
- 海鼠腸 (konowata)
- 海象 (seiuchi), 海馬 (seiuchi)
- 海鼠 (namako)
- 海苔 (nori, “nori”)
- 海底 (haitei), 海底摸月 (haitei raoyue)
- 海星 (hitode), 海盤車 (hitode, “starfish”)
- 海蘿 (funori)
- 海鞘 (hoya, “sea squirt”)
- 海松 (miru)
- 海雲 (mozuku), 海蘊 (mozuku)
- 海人草 (makuri), 海仁草 (makuri)
- 天空海闊 (tenkū kaikatsu)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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海 |
うみ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海 (kyūjitai) |
⟨umi1⟩ → */umij/ → /umi/
From Old Japanese, theorized as descending from Proto-Japonic *omi.
Has been thought to have been derived from a compound. There are two leading theories regarding the ultimate derivation:
- This is problematic phonetically because there is no known term having a related shift from /opo/ → /oː/ → /o/ → /u/, and semantically as there already exists a compound 大水 (ōmizu, “flood”).
- From う (u-, stem indicating “ocean”) + 水 (mi, “water”, combining form). The u- stem is evident in 魚 (uo, “fish”) and 潮 (ushio, “salt water; tide”), and in the 海 (una) element in various ancient terms (see below).[3]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a sea, an ocean
- a lake
- Synonym: 湖 (mizuumi)
- (figurative) an object covering over a large area, as in 血の海 (chi no umi, “pool of blood”) or 火の海 (hi no umi, “sea of fire”)
- (planetology) a mare (dark surface of a celestial body, thought to appear like a sea)
- (calligraphy) in a 硯 (suzuri, “inkstone”), a reservoir where water is stored
- Synonym: 池 (ike)
Usage notes
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 海牛 (umiushi, “sea slug”)
- 海風 (umikaze, “sea breeze”)
- 海亀 (umigame, “sea turtle”)
- 海草 (umigusa, “seaweed”)
- 海幸 (umisachi), 海の幸 (umi no sachi, “seafood”)
- 海沿い (umizoi, “coastlands”)
- 海狸 (umidanuki, “beaver”)
- 海鳥 (umidori, “sea bird”)
- 海鳴り (uminari, “rumbling of the sea”)
- 海の日 (Umi no Hi)
- 海辺 (umibe, “beach, seashore”)
- 海山 (umiyama, “sea and mountains”)
- 海綿 (umiwata, “sea sponge”)
- 海猫 (umineko, “black-tailed gull”)
- 荒海 (araumi, “rough sea”)
- 淡海 (awaumi)
- 入海 (iriumi, “bay, inlet, gulf, creek”)
- 大海 (ōumi, “ocean, large sea”)
- 外海 (sotōmi, “open seas”)
- 血の海 (chi no umi, “pool of blood”)
- 泥海 (dorōmi, “muddy sea”)
- 鳰の海 (Nio-no-umi)
Idioms
[edit]- 海を渡る (umi o wataru, “cross over the ocean → go to a foreign country”)
Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
海 |
うな Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海 (kyūjitai) |
From Old Japanese. Thought to be comprised of う (u-, stem indicating “ocean”) + な (na, ancient alternative form of the possessive particle の (no)).[6] The u- stem is also evident in 魚 (uo, “fish”) and 潮 (ushio, “salt water; tide”).
First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[6]
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
海 |
わた Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海 (kyūjitai) |
From Old Japanese.
Probably related to Korean 바다 (bada, “ocean, sea”); perhaps an ancient Koreanic borrowing into Japanese.
Also read as wada.[7]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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海 |
み Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海 (kyūjitai) |
Either cognate with 水 (mi, “water”), or an abbreviation of umi above.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 温海 (Atsumi)
Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
海 |
かい Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 海 (MC xojX).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “海”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ^ “海”, in 日本大百科全書:ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
- ^ “海/うみ”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 “わた 【海】
”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 海 (MC xojX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄒᆡᆼ〯 (Yale: hǒy) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[5] | 바다〮 (Yale: pàtá) | ᄒᆡ〯 (Yale: hǒy) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [hɛ(ː)] ~ [he̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [해(ː)/헤(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [6]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]海: Hán Việt readings: hải (
海: Nôm readings: hẩy[1][2][3][6], hải[1][2][7][4], hái[1], hơi[1], hãi[2], hỏi[2]
Compounds
[edit]References
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
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