泉

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泉 U+6CC9, 泉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CC9
← 泈
[U+6CC8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泊 →
[U+6CCA]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
9 strokes

泉 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹日水 (HAE), four-corner 26232, composition ⿱白水)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 615, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17274
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1009, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1576, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+6CC9

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 泉
alternative forms 𤽄
湶

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 泉
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (泉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
線 *sqʰeːns
泉 *sɡʷen
葲 *sɡʷen
灥 *kʰʷjen, *sɢʷin

Pictogram (象形) or ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 白 (“spring mouth”) + 水 (“water”) – water flowing from the source of a spring.

Etymology

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Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs the Old Chinese as *dzwan and also reconstructs Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tso (“to bubble; to boil”) (> Tibetan འཚོད་པ ('tshod pa, “to be boiled”), Tibetan བཙོས (btsos, “to cook in boiling water”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil; to bubble”)), and considers 泉 (OC *sɡʷen, “spring (of water)”) to be cognate to it (with an n-suffix nominalization). However, STEDT considers the above three Tibeto-Burman terms to be descended from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to bake; to bake”), to which 焦 (OC *ʔsew, “to roast; to burn; to scorch”) is cognate.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • syo2/syaⁿ2 - vernacular;
  • zuiⁿ2 - vernacular (only used in 泉州, more common);
  • zyⁿ2 - vernacular (only used in 泉州, less common);
  • soeng2/syeng2 - literary.
Note:
  • chôaⁿ - vernacular;
  • choân - literary.
Rime
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾緣切
Baxter dzjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziuᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zʷiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zjuæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zwian/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziuɛn/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭwɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		quán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cyun4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		quán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzjwen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
English spring, source

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泉
Reading # 1/1
No. 10728
Phonetic
component 		泉
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		全
Old
Chinese 		/*sɡʷen/

Definitions

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泉

  1. springwater (Classifier: 口 m; 眼 m)
    溫泉／温泉  ―  wēnquán  ―  hot spring
    甘泉  ―  gānquán  ―  sweet springwater
  2. mouth of a spring
  3. mythical abode of the dead
    黃泉／黄泉  ―  huángquán  ―  netherworld
  4. (historical) an ancient type of coin
  5. Short for 泉州 (Quánzhōu, “Quanzhou”).

Synonyms

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  • (springwater):
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  • 水泉 (shuǐquán) (literary or Min Nan)
  • 泉水 (quánshuǐ)
  • (mouth of a spring):
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Compounds

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References

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  • “泉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “泉”, in 莆仙方言大词典 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 517.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “泉”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 194.

Japanese

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Kanji

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泉

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. spring (source of water)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
泉
いずみ
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

/idumi/ → /id͡zumi/ → (for most modern Japanese dialects; see also Yotsugana) /izumi/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Compound of 出づ (ancient reading idu, modern izu, “to come out”) +‎ 水 (mi, “water”).[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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泉(いずみ) • (izumi) ←いづみ (idumi)?

  1. natural spring, a wellspring
    Synonyms: 湧泉, 涌泉 (yūsen)
    若(わか)返(がえ)りの泉(いずみ)
    Wakagaeri no Izumi
    The Fountain of Youth
    • 1999 August 26, “泉(いずみ)の妖(よう)精(せい)”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:
      泉(いずみ)を守(まも)る妖(よう)精(せい)。泉(いずみ)を汚(けが)す者(もの)を容(よう)赦(しゃ)なく攻(こう)撃(げき)。
      Izumi o mamoru yōsei. Izumi o kegasu mono o yōsha naku kōgeki.
      A fairy who mercilessly assaults anyone who dares contaminate the fountain she’s sworn protects.

Proper noun

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泉(いずみ) • (Izumi) ←いづみ (Idumi)?

  1. a place name
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 泉 (MC dzjwen).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄍᆑᆫ (Yale: ccyyèn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄉᆡᆷ〯 (Yale: sǒym) 쳔 (Yale: chyèn)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

泉 (eumhun 샘 천 (saem cheon))

  1. hanja form? of 천 (“spring”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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泉: Hán Nôm readings: tuyền

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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