[go: up one dir, main page]
Jump to content

殺

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 杀
殺 U+6BBA, 殺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BBA
← 殹
[U+6BB9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 殻 →
[U+6BBB]

殺 U+F970, 殺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F970
← 說
[U+F96F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 辰 →
[U+F971]
殺 U+FA96, 殺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA96
← 歹
[U+FA95] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 流 →
[U+FA97]

殺 U+2F8F5, 殺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8F5
← 殟
[U+2F8F4] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 殻 →
[U+2F8F6]

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional 殺
Simplified 杀
Japanese 殺
Korean 殺

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • In traditional Chinese (based on the modern character forms used in Taiwan and Hong Kong), the bottom left component is 朮 (𣎳 with an additional dot at its top right corner).
  • In mainland China (based on the Xin Zixing (新字形) standardized character forms), the bottom left component is 朩 instead which is one stroke less.
  • In Korean hanja, the bottom left component is 术, which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
  • In Japanese shinjitai and Vietnamese Nôm, the bottom left component is 木 which is one stroke less.
  • Three CJK Compatibility Ideographs exist for this character:
    • U+F970 corresponds to the Japanese kyūjitai form containing 术 which is similar to the historical Kangxi form.
    • U+FA96 corresponds to the alternative Korean form which is similar to the Japanese shinjitai form containing 木.
    • U+2F8F5 is similar to the traditional form in Taiwan but has 𣎳 (without dot at top right corner) instead of 朮 as its bottom left component.

Han character

[edit]

殺 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+7 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 殳+6 in mainland China and Japanese, 11 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 10 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 大金竹弓水 (KCHNE) or 大木竹弓水 (KDHNE), four-corner 47947, composition ⿰⿱㐅朩殳(G) or ⿰⿱㐅朮殳(HT) or ⿰⿱㐅木殳(JV or U+FA96) or ⿰⿱㐅术殳(K or U+F970) or ⿰⿱㐅𣎳殳(U+2F8F5))

[edit]

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 585, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16638
  • Dae Jaweon: page 978, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2157, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6BBA

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 殺
simp. 杀*
alternative forms
𣏂
煞
閷／𰿳
𢁛
𢽅
𣏂
煞
閷／𰿳
𢁛
𢽅
𢿹
𢽆
𢼡
𢿔
𢽘
𣪩
𧤿
𧜁
 

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 殺
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (杀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
閷 *sreːdss
鎩 *sreːds, *srads, *sreːd
殺 *sreːds, *sreːd
蔱 *srads, *sreːd
摋 *slaːd
煞 *sreːd
榝 *sreːd, *sred
刹 *sʰraːd

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) of a boar that had been impaled in the head.

In the seal script, the original compound was corrupted into 𣏂 (sometimes written as 杀). It was also in the seal script that the pictogram (象形) : 人 (“person”) + 又 (“right hand”), which was later corrupted into 殳 (“spear”) or 攴, was added under the head of the boar to specify the killing was done by a person.

The modern-day character inherits this and can be thought of as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːds, *sreːd) : phonetic 𣏂 () + semantic 殳 (“spear”).

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b-sat (“to kill”); compare Tibetan བསད (bsad), perfect of Tibetan གསོད (gsod, “to kill”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sat (“to kill”), Japhug sat (“to kill”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • sat - literary (“ruthless; willing to part with something”);
  • soah - vernacular (“to butcher”).
Note:
  • sag4 - literary;
  • sua7 - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 殺
Mandarin Beijing /ʂa⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂa⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sɑ²¹/
Jinan /ʂa²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂa⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
Xi'an /sa²¹/
Xining /sa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂa¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂa¹³/
Ürümqi /sa²¹³/
Wuhan /sa²¹³/
Chengdu /sa³¹/
Guiyang /sa²¹/
Kunming /ʂa̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʂɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /saʔ²/
Pingyao /sʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /saʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /saʔ⁵/
Suzhou /saʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /sɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /sa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /saʔ²¹/
Tunxi /sɔ⁵/
Xiang Changsha /sa²⁴/
Xiangtan /sɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /saʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sat̚¹/
Taoyuan /sɑt̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sat̚³/
Nanning /sat̚³³/
Hong Kong /sɐt̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sat̚³²/
/suaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɑʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /suɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /suaʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sa⁵⁵/
/tua⁵⁵/
Rime
Character 殺
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 鎋 (75)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 所八切
Baxter sreat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠɛt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚæt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂəɨt̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʃɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ʃæt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʂat̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sha
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saat3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 殺
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srɛt ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s<r>at/
English kill

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 殺
Reading # 2/2
No. 11010
Phonetic
component 		杀
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		殺
Old
Chinese 		/*sreːd/

Definitions

[edit]

殺

  1. (transitive) to kill; to murder
    我殺咗隻烏蠅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我杀咗只乌蝇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 saat3 zo2 zek3 wu1 jing4-1. [Jyutping]
    I killed a fly.
  2. to ruin; to harm
  3. to fight
    殺出一條血路／杀出一条血路  ―  shā chū yī tiáo xuèlù  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  4. (dialectal, transitive) to cut; to slice (fruit, food)
    殺西瓜／杀西瓜  ―  shā xīguā  ―  to cut a watermelon
  5. (transitive) to abate; to reduce
    殺價／杀价  ―  shājià  ―  to bargain
  6. (regional, colloquial) to sting
  7. (chess) to mate; short for 將殺／将杀 (jiāngshā) ("to checkmate")
  8. (Hokkien) ruthless; ferocious; fierce
  9. (Hokkien) to butcher, especially by using a blade to drain its blood to death (of animals)
    殺雞／杀鸡 [Hokkien]  ―  soah koe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to butcher a chicken by draining its blood with a knife
  10. (Taiwanese Hokkien) willing to part with something
Usage notes
[edit]
  • Normally, the subject of 殺 should be animate. The sentence "A tiger killed many people." can be validly translated as 老虎殺死數人, while the sentence "This accident killed many people." is seldom translated as *這次事故殺死數人. For death caused by non-living things, split forms of 致死 (zhìsǐ) are often used instead:
    這次事故致數人死亡。 [MSC, trad.]
    这次事故致数人死亡。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè cì shìgù zhì shù rén sǐwáng. [Pinyin]
    This accident caused many people's deaths.
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (to kill):
Dialectal synonyms of 殺 (“to kill (a person)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 殺
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 殺
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 殺
Taiwan 殺
Malaysia 殺
Singapore 殺
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 殺
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 殺
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 殺
Wanrong 殺
Xi'an 殺
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 殺
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 殺
Wuhan 殺
Guilin 殺
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 殺
Yangzhou 殺
Hefei 殺
Cantonese Guangzhou 殺
Hong Kong 殺
Yangjiang 殺
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 殺
Singapore (Guangfu) 殺
Gan Nanchang 殺
Lichuan 殺
Hakka Meixian 殺
Yudu 殺
Huizhou Jixi 殺
Jin Taiyuan 殺
Northern Min Jian'ou 殺
Eastern Min Fuzhou 刣
Fuqing 殺
Southern Min Xiamen 刣
Quanzhou 刣
Jinjiang 刣
Yongchun 刣
Zhangzhou 刣
Tainan 刣
Penang (Hokkien) 刣
Singapore (Hokkien) 刣
Manila (Hokkien) 刣
Chaozhou 刣
Shantou 刣
Shantou (Chenghai) 刣
Jieyang 刣
Lufeng 刣
Haifeng 刣
Singapore (Teochew) 刣
Leizhou 殺
Wenchang 殺
Haikou 殺
Wu Shanghai 殺
Shanghai (Chongming) 殺
Suzhou 殺
Hangzhou 殺
Wenzhou 殺
Jinhua 殺
Xiang Changsha 殺
Loudi 殺
Shuangfeng 殺
Dialectal synonyms of 宰 (“to slaughter; to butcher”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 宰, 屠
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 宰殺, 屠宰
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 宰, 殺, 治 fish
Taiwan 宰, 殺
Singapore 殺
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 宰, 殺, 治
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 宰, 殺
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 宰, 殺
Wuhan 宰, 殺, 治 fish
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 殺, 宰, 治 fish
Hefei 殺, 治 fish
Cantonese Guangzhou 劏, 善 chicken
Hong Kong 劏
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 劏
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 劏
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 劏
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 劏
Macau 劏
Guangzhou (Panyu) 劏
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 劏
Guangzhou (Conghua) 劏
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 劏
Foshan 劏
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 劏
Foshan (Shunde) 劏
Foshan (Sanshui) 劏
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 劏
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 劏
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 劏
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 劏
Zhuhai (Doumen) 劏
Jiangmen (Baisha) 劏
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 劏
Taishan 劏
Kaiping (Chikan) 劏
Enping (Niujiang) 劏
Heshan (Yayao) 劏
Dongguan 劏
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 劏
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 劏
Qingyuan 劏
Fogang 劏
Yingde (Hanguang) 劏
Yangshan 劏
Lianshan (Butian) 劏
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 劏
Shaoguan 劏
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 劏
Renhua 劏
Lechang 劏
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 劏
Sihui 劏
Guangning 劏
Deqing 劏
Huaiji 劏
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 劏
Yunfu 劏
Xinxing 劏
Luoding 劏
Yunan (Pingtai) 劏
Yangjiang 劏
Nanning 劏
Wuzhou 劏
Yulin 劏
Hepu (Lianzhou) 劏
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 劏
Gan Nanchang 殺, 治 fish
Hakka Meixian 治, 刣
Xingning 治
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 劏, 捋
Huiyang 劏
Huidong (Daling) 治
Dongguan (Qingxi) 劏, 治
Boluo (Bendihua) 劏, 捋
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 劏
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 劏
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 治
Wuhua (Huacheng) 治, 劏 chicken
Wuhua (Changbu) 治
Wuhua (Mianyang) 治
Heyuan (Bendihua) 捋, 劏
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 捋, 劏
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 捋
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 捋
Wengyuan 劏
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 劏, 度
Liannan 劏
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 劏
Jiexi 治
Luhe 治
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 治
Changting 治
Wuping 治
Wuping (Yanqian) 治
Wuping (Pingyu) 治
Liancheng 治
Ninghua 破
Ningdu 治
Ruijin 治 pig, 殺 chicken
Shicheng 殺
Shangyou (Shexi) 治
Tonggu (Sandu) 治
Dayu 破
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 治
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 治
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 治
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 治
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 治
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 治
Hong Kong 劏
Yangxi (Tangkou) 劏
Yangchun (Sanjia) 劏
Xinyi (Sihe) 劏
Xinyi (Qianpai) 劏
Gaozhou (Xindong) 劏
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 劏
Huazhou (Xin'an) 劏
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 劏
Lianjiang (Qingping) 劏
Mengshan (Xihe) 劏
Luchuan 劏
Sabah (Longchuan) 劏
Senai (Huiyang) 劏
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 劏
Singkawang 劏
Jin Taiyuan 宰, 殺
Northern Min Jian'ou 刣
Songxi 刣
Zhenghe 刣
Jianyang 刣
Wuyishan 刣
Eastern Min Fuzhou 刣, 刺
Fuzhou (Changle) 刣
Lianjiang 刣
Fuqing 刣
Pingtan 刣
Yongtai 刣
Minqing 刣
Gutian 刣
Pingnan 刣
Luoyuan 刣
Fu'an 刣
Ningde 刣
Xiapu 刣
Zherong 刣
Shouning 刣
Zhouning 刣
Fuding 刣
Southern Min Xiamen 刣
Xiamen (Tong'an) 刣
Quanzhou 刣
Jinjiang 刣
Nan'an 刣
Shishi 刣
Hui'an 刣
Anxi 刣
Yongchun 刣
Dehua 刣
Zhangzhou 刣
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 刣
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 刣
Hua'an 刣
Nanjing 刣
Pinghe 刣
Zhangpu 刣
Yunxiao 刣
Zhao'an 刣
Dongshan 刣
Tainan 刣
Kinmen 刣
Penang (Hokkien) 刣
Singapore (Hokkien) 刣
Manila (Hokkien) 刣
Longyan 刣
Zhangping 刣
Datian 刣
Chaozhou 刣
Shantou 刣
Shantou (Chenghai) 刣
Jieyang 刣
Lufeng 刣
Haifeng 刣
Bangkok (Teochew) 刣
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 刣
Singapore (Teochew) 刣
Leizhou 刣
Wenchang 刣
Haikou 刣
Puxian Min Putian 刣
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 刣
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 刣
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 刣
Xianyou 刣
Xianyou (Fengting) 刣
Xianyou (Youyang) 刣
Central Min Yong'an 刣
Sanming (Sanyuan) 刣
Sanming (Shaxian) 刣
Shehua Fu'an 戮
Fuding 戮
Luoyuan 戮
Sanming 戮
Shunchang 戮
Hua'an 戮
Wu Shanghai 殺
Suzhou 殺
Wenzhou 㷟, 殺
Xiang Changsha 殺, 宰
Shuangfeng 殺

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

From 衰 (OC *sʰrol, *srul, “to diminish; to decay”) + final *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 殺
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 所拜切
Baxter sreajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂəɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/ʃɛiH/
Wang
Li 		/ʃɐiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʂăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 殺
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srɛjH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s<r>at-s/
English diminish

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 殺
Reading # 1/2
No. 11006
Phonetic
component 		杀
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		鎩
Old
Chinese 		/*sreːds/

Definitions

[edit]

殺

  1. † to pare off; to diminish; to reduce; to clip

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

殺

  1. † dark
  2. Alternative form of 𥻦 (“to spread; to exile”)

Etymology 4

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

殺

  1. Only used in 蹩殺／蹩杀.

Etymology 5

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

殺

  1. Only used in 降殺／降杀.

Etymology 6

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 殺 – see 弒 (“to assassinate; to kill a superior”).
(This character is a variant form of 弒).

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 殺
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
殺
&#xF970;
or
殺+&#xFE00;?
殺󠄀
殺+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
殺󠄃
殺+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]
殺

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 殺)

  1. to kill

Readings

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 殺 (MC sreat):

  • Go-on: せち (sechi)、せつ (setsu, Jōyō †)
  • Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 殺 (MC sreajH):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “殺”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1220 (paper), page 661 (digital)

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 殺 (MC sreat).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

殺 (eumhun 죽일 살 (jugil sal))

  1. hanja form? of 살 (“to kill”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 殺 (MC sreajH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰwɛ(ː)] ~ [sʰwe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [쇄(ː)/쉐(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]

殺 (eumhun 감할 쇄 (gamhal swae))

  1. hanja form? of 쇄 (“to pare off; to diminish; to reduce; to clip”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

殺: Hán Nôm readings: sát, sái, sít, sịt, sướt, sét, sượt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=殺&oldid=82666660"